动词不定式与动名词用法总结
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2021年01月31日 23:12
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动词不定式与动名词用法总结
一
动词不定式作主语
(1)
(
1
)
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
主语
It
(形式主语)
is not easy
to learn a foreign language(
真正主语
)
It
takes / took
me 3 hours to read English
It is not difficult for us
to learn a foreign language
It
’
s kind of you to help me with my English .
1
It
+
is
+
形容词
(表示人的性格品质)+
of
sb
+
to do
2
It
+
is
+
形容词
(表示做某事是怎么样)+
for
sb
+
to do
注(< br>1
)
当形容词表示人的性格品质时,逻辑主语由
of
引出
,
如:
kind
,
nice, good, polite, clever, careful
,
careless
,
foolish
,
(
2
)
当 形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由
for
引出
.
如:
difficult, hard ,
easy, important,
dangerous possible
二
动
词不定式
宾
语
此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
want to do
agree to do
hope to do
decide to do
prefer to do
plan to do
offer to do
would like to do
Kevin
planned
to visit
his uncle
三
动词不定式做宾语补足语
tell sb + to do
ask sb + to do
want sb + to do
order sb + to do
invite sb + to do
warn sb + to do
I
tell him not to go
there by bus
.
四
:定
语
动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词
、代词的后面。
例
:
I have a lot of work to do
.
点击规律
:
动词不定式若在句中作定语
,
常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
提示板
:
如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系
,
且动词是不及物动词
,
切
记不要忘掉后面的介词。
如
I have a small chair to sit on
.
(sit on the chair)
There aren
’
t enough rooms to live in. (live in enough rooms)
五
作
状
语
A
.
目的状语
.
(
1
)
I come to see you
.
(
2
)
He runs fast in order to get there in time
.
b.
原因状语
:
放在
sorry, glad, surprised,
disappointed
,
excited等词后面。对其进行
补充说明
,
作形容词补足语)
如:
I am glad to see you here
.
I am sorry to trouble you
.
六
动词不定式表语
:
放在连系动词
be
后面
(be +adj + to do)
例句
:
His
wish /
hope
is to
become a scientist
.
.
My
work is to
clean the street .
七
:
“
疑问词+不定式
”
用法
不定式前可带
what
,
who
,
w hich
,
where, when, how, whose,
等疑问词
,
这种不定式短
语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
例
:
He didn’t
tell me
where to go.
(
直宾
)
I don’t
know
what to say
now.(
宾语
)
I don't know
what to do
next. (
宾语)
He taught us
how to use
the computer
.
(
宾语补足语
)
九
重点句型:
要注意如下两个句型的用法,后面的
to+V
(原形)都是做状语。
A.
…
too + adj / adv
+
to +do ..
太…而不能…
.
B.
+ adj / adv +
enough
to +do
足够…
.
干…
它们是简单句,还可以
so ---- that +
从句互相转换。
So + adj (many/much/ little /few )+ n (
名词
) +that +
从句
Such+ a/an +adj + (
单数可数名词
) + that +
从句
如此…以致于…
..
(以上都是复合句)
Eg:
1.
他是如此的年轻而不能去上学
.
A. He is so young that he ca
n’t
go to school.
=B. He is such a young boy that he ca
n’t go to school.
=C. He is too young to go to school
=D. He
isn’t old enough to
go to school.
2
)、不带
to
的不定式结构以下几种情况使 用不带
to
的动词不定式
:
1
、
why not
do
或
Why don't you do
之后。
2
、在固定词组
had better
do
否定形式是
had better not do sth
.
例如
:
You had better go home now.
你最好现在回家。
It's cold outside. You'd better
not go
out.
外面很冷
,
你最好不要出去。
3
、
在
let, make, see,
feel,
watch, hear
等感官或使役动词后
,跟不带
to
的不定式作宾补。
•
let /make/have sb
do
让某人做某事
•
see /watch sb
do
看见某人做过某事
•
hear sb
do
听见某人做过某事
感官动词
see, watch, notice, hear, feel
后
既可
+to do
,也可跟
v-ing
作宾补,
see/ hear do
看见
/
听见某人做过某事
(前者表示动作的全部过程已结束)
;
see /hear sb doing
看见
/
听见某人正做过某事
(后者表示动作正在进行)
十
:动名词
like/love +doing
喜欢做某事
be busy + doing
忙于做某事
practice +doing
练习做某事
can’t
help +doing
情不自禁做某事
keep +doing
一直做某事
be worth doing
值得去做某事
finish +doing
完成做某事
spend…..in doing sth
花时间去做某事
enjoy + doing
喜欢做某事
feel like + doing
想要做某事
mind +doing
介意做某事
find sb doing
发现某人在做某事
hate doing
憎恨做某事
imagine
doing
想象做某事
avoid doing
避免做某事
go swimming
去游泳
prefer doing to doing
喜欢前者胜于后者
have fun
(有乐趣的
doing sth
十一
介词后
+doing
be good at +doing
擅长做某事
do well in +doing
擅长做某事
what /how about +doing
做某事怎么样
give up +doing
放弃做某事
thanks for +doing
因做某事而感谢
be interested in+doing
对某事感兴趣
stop sb from +doing
阻止某人去做某事
make a contribution to+doing
为
………
做贡献
look forward to +doing
盼望做某事
give one
’
s life to doing
献身于做某事