英语中动词不定式的详细解析

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2021年01月31日 23:13
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2021年1月31日发(作者:含羞草研究所)

英语中动词不定式的详细解析


动词不定式可以作以上各种成分 ,
但它毕竟是动词,
所以有动词的属
性。


动词不定式及 其短语还可以有自己的宾语、
状语,
虽然动词不定式在
语法上没有表面上的直接主语,
但它表达的意义是动作,
这一动作一
定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为

逻辑主语,其形式如下:


(1)
语态

如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,

定式一般要用被动语态 形式。如:


It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.
(不定式作主
语是被动语态
to be invited
是被邀请)


It was impossible for lost time to be made up.
(不定式作主语)


I wish to be sent to work in the country.
(不定式作宾语)




Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?
(不定式作定语)


He went to the hospital to be examined.
(不定式作状语)



There
be
结构中,
修饰主语的不定式可用被动,
也可用主动。
如:
There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).
但有
时两种形式表达的意思不同,
如:
There
is
nothing
to
do
now.(
We
have
nothing to
do now.)
There is
nothing
to
be
done
now.(We
can
do
nothing now.)

(2)
时态


1)
现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有 时与谓语动词表示的动作同
时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。


He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.

我希望再
见到你。


2)
完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。




I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3)
进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。


He seems to be eating something.

4)
完成进行时:


She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在情绪后加
to do to do
也表将来









+








who,what,which,when,w here,whether,how
后可接不定式构成不定式短
语,在句中作主语、宾语、表< br>
语等。如:



When to leave for London has not been decided yet.
(不定式在句
子中做主语)



Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.
(不定式在


句子中做宾语)



I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.
(不定式在句子中
做直接宾语)



The question was where to get the medicine needed.
(不定式在
句子中表语)


以上例句中疑问词
+
不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:

When we shall leave…

…how I


could learn…










使






consi der,decide,discover,explain,find
rn,observe,understand,wonder
等。


编辑本段语法功能一、作主语


out,forget,hear,know,lea
动词不定式作主语时,
句子的谓语动词常用单数,
其位置有以下两种:


(1)
把不定式置于句首。如:

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