初中英语动词不定式用法梳理及练习题
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2021年01月31日 23:30
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初中英语动词不定式用法
动词不定式是由“不定式符号
to+
动词 原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带
to
,动词不定式可以作句子 的主语、表语、宾语、定语、
补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、 状
语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用
it作形式主语,把真正的
主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语 ,
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复
合不定式结构作 主语常置于句末。如:
1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.
head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother
.
to learn English well
is important.
see is to believe.(
眼见为实;百闻不如一见
)
二、用作表语
动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如:
best way is to join an English club.
first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully.
三、用作宾语
1.
可以接带
to
的动词不定式作宾语的动 词主要有:要求选择同意
(ask,
choose,
agree)
,
期望决定学习
(expect, hope, decide, learn)
,
宁可假装知道
(prefer
, pretend,
know)
,希望想要愿意
(wish, want, would like / love)
。如:
1)W
e decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
3)Id love to visit Mexico.
2.
动词
decide, know
, learn, show, teach, tell...
,介词结构
on...
可用疑问词带
to的
不定式短语作宾语,但
why
后面的不定式不带
to
。如:< br>
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?
2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.
3.
动词
feel, find, make, think
等后面,
可以用
it
作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——
动词不定式,句子结构是
... feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...
。如:
I find it difficult to remember everything.
4.
既可接动词不定式又可接
ving
形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有
begin,
start, like, love
等。一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作
或动作的 全过程,
ving
形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格,
特别是美国英 语,即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如:
1) Then I started to watch Tv.
2) I am beginning to understand my parents.
begin
用了进行时态,
后面只接不定式作宾语,
表示事情刚开始,
还要继续下去。
3) I like to eat vegetables.
感知动词
like, love, know
等一般不用进行时态。
5.
后接动词不定式或
ving< br>形式作宾语,
意思差别较大的动词有
forget, remember
等。后 接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接
ving
形式作宾语,表动作已经
1
发生。
stop to do
停下来做另外一件事,
to do
是目的状语;
stop doing
停止做、
不做当前这件事,
doing
是宾语。
try to do
尽力做,
try doing
试试看;
go on to do
接着做另外的事,
go on doing
继续做原来的事。如:
1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me. 2)I stopped using them last year
.
四、用作定语
1.
句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,
不 定式与其所修饰的名词、
代词
等存在逻辑的动宾关系
.
1)I have so many clothes to wash today.
2)I can
’
t think of any good advice to give her
.
3)W
e have no houses to live in.
2.
动词不定式所修饰的名词是
place,
time,
way
等时,不定式与这些名词呈现出
动状关系或同位关系。如:
1)He needs time to do homework.
2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.
3.
在“
there be...
”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象:
1)There
’
s just so much to see and do here.
2)... but there are still many things to do there.
五、用作宾语补足语
1.
带
to
的 动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:要求允许提议
(ask,
allow
,
,
advise)
,期望邀请鼓励
(expect,
,
invite,
encourage)
,教导告诉想要
(teach,
tell,
want)
,等待希望愿意
(wait for
, wish, would like / love)
。如:
1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.
2 W
e should allow the children to choose their own clothes.
2.
动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带
to
,被动语态句里带
to
时多数动词
是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”
:
look at, observe, see, watch
,三“让”
:
have, let, make
,二“听”
:
hear
, listen to
,一“感觉 ”
:
feel
,一“注意”
:
notice
。
如:
1)This picture makes me feel excited
!
2)W
e saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.
后接动词不定式作补语,
to
可带可不带。
1)
they
can
help
you
to
learn
English.
2)Using
English
helps
you
write
quickly.
六、用作状语
1.
目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。如:
1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.
2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
3)She came to this city to visit her daughter
.
2.
原因状语,多见于“
sb.+be+adj.+to do...
”结构句中。如:
1) I feel very lucky to have him.
2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes.
3.
结果状语,多见于“
too...to
”,
“
enough to...
”结构句中。如:
1) I
’
m too tired to do it well.
2)The room is big enough for three people to live in.
七、动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构是“
for / of sb. to do sth.
”
,
for / of
引出不定式动作的逻
辑主语。这种结 构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式
复合结构的介词用
for
还是
of
,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来,
of
2