八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月31日 23:47
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八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理
动词不定式是由“不定式符号
t o+
动词原形”构成的一种非
谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带
to
,动词 不定式可以作
句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
不定式保留动词的某些 特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不
定式短语。
一、用作主语
多数情况用
it
作形式主语,
把真正的主语——动词不定式置
于句末
,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语 ,
谓
语动词用第三人称单数形式。
疑问词
+
不定式短语
作主 语可
置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如:
1. I t is our duty
to try
our best to deal with these problems.
head teacher said it was necessary
to talk
with his mother.
3.
How to
learn English well is important.
4.
To see
is to believe.(
眼见为实;百闻不如一见
)
二、用作表语
动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如:
best way is
to join
an English club.
first thing is
to listen to
the teacher carefully.
三、用作宾语
1.
可以接带
t o
的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:
要求选择
1
同意
(ask, choose, agree)
,
期望决定学习
(expect, hope, decide,
learn)
,宁可假装知道
(prefer,
pretend,
know)
,希望想要愿
意
(wish, want, would like / love)
。
如:
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
3)Id love to visit Mexico.
2.
动词
decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...
,介词结构
on...
可用疑问词带
to
的不定式短 语作宾语,
但
why
后面的不定
式不带
to
。
如:
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?
2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations.
3
.
动词
feel, find, make, think
等后面 ,可以用
it
作形式宾语
代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是
... feel
/
find
/
make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...
。
如:
4.
感知动词
like, love, know
等一般不用进行时态。
5.
后接动词不定式或
ving
形式作宾语,
意思差别较大的动词
有
forget, remember
等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发
生;后接
ving
形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。
stop to do
停
下来做另外一件事,
to do
是目的状语;
stop doing
停止做、
不做当前这件事,
doing
是宾语。
try to do
尽力做,
try doing
试试看;
go on to do
接着做另外的事,
go on doing
继续做原
2
来的事。
如:
1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.
2)I stopped using them last year.
四、用作定语
1.
句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其
所修饰的名词、代词等存 在逻辑的动宾关系
.
1)I have so many clothes
to wash
today.
2)I can’t think of any good advice
to give
her.
3)We have no houses
to live in.
2.
动词不定式所修饰的名词是
place, time, way
等时,不定式
与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。
如:
1)He needs time
to do homework.
2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.
3.
在“
there
be...
”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的
对象:
1)There’s just so much to see and do here.
2)... but there are still many things to do the
五、用作宾语补足语
1.
带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:要求允许
提议
(ask,
allow,
,
advise)
,期望邀请鼓励
(expect,
,
invite,
encourage)
,教导告诉想要
(teach,
tell,
want)
,等待希望愿意
(wait for, wish, would like / love)
。如:
3
1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.
2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.
2
.
动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带
to
,被动语态句
里带
to
时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括 四“看”
:
look at, observe, see, watch
,
三
“让”
:
have, let, make
,
二
“听”
:
hear, listen to
, 一“感觉”
:
feel
,一“注意”
:
notice
。如:
1)This picture makes me feel excited
!
2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.
后接动词不定式作补语,
to
可带可不带。
1) they can help you to learn English.
2)Using email English helps you write quickly.
六、用作状语
1.
目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调
。
如:
1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.
2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
3)She came to this city to visit her daughter.
2.
原因状语,多见于“
sb.+be+adj.+to do...
”结构句中。
如:
1) I feel very lucky to have him.
2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes.
3.
结果状语,多见于“
too...to
”,
“
enough
to...
”结构句中。
如:
4
1) I’m too tired to do it well.
2)The room is big enough for three people to live in.
七、动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构是“
for / of sb. to do sth.
”
,
for / of
引
出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结 构在句子中可以作主语、
宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用
for
还是
of
,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来,
of
前面
的形 容词是
careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise
等,
既说明人的特性,
又说明不定式动作的特性。
for
前 面的形容
词
是
dangerous,
difficult,
easy,
hard,
heavy,
important,
interesting, necessary
等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,前面
如果是名词用
for
。如:
’s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups
during the evening.
’s wise of him to do it well.
3)Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog?
八、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词
what,
which,
who
或疑问
副词
how, when, where, why
等 。这种结构起名词的作用,在
句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。要注意的
是,< br>why
后面的不定式不带
to
。如:
1.
用作句子的成分。
5