动词不定式(to do)教案
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2021年01月31日 23:53
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——动词不定式(
to do)
1.
请填出不定式的相关形式。
不定式:
时态
一般式
进行式
完成式
主动态
被动态
不定式的否定形式:
not +
不定式
请问不定式在句中可作哪些成分?
____________________________________________
3.
请画出下列句子中的不定式并说出它是哪种形式。
1. John said that he had run in order to catch the bus.
(一般式的主动态)
2. He hated to be misunderstood by others. (
一般式的被动态
)
3. He pretended to be listening attentively. (
进行式
)
4. He intended to have told you that. (
完成式主动态
)
5. This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (
完成式的被动态
)
三
.
典例引领,变式内化
(一)动词不定式在句中充当的成分
(1)
作主语。
例:
To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.
变式训练
1
:
To make money is not the only purpose of our life.
赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的
在很多情况下,常用
it
来充当动词不定式的形式主语。
例:
It is important for us to learn English very well.
对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
变式训练
2
:
It is necessary for us to protect environment.
对我们来说保护环境是很有必
要的。
(2)
作宾语,常用在以下动词后:
help
,
hope
,
ask
,
refuse
,
decide
,
promise
,
wish
,
pretend
,
expe ct
,
arrange
,
learn
,
plan
,
demand
,
dare
,
manage
,
agr ee
,
prepare
,
fail
,
determine< br>,
offer
,
choose
,
desire
,elect
,
long
,
(happen
,
seem)
例如:
He managed to pass the exam.
他成功地通过了考试。
He promised to be here at nine.
他答应
9
点钟到这儿。
I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。
在某些复合宾语中,用
it
做形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。
例如:
He considered it better to leave now.
他认为最好现在就离开。
I found it impossible to finish the work on time.
我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
变式训练
1
:
I hope to receive you letter.
我希望收到你的来信。
变式训练
2
:
I decide to take part in the English speech contest.
我决定参加英语演讲比
赛。
变式训练
3
:
He think it difficult to learn grammer.
他觉得学语法很难。
(
it
做形式宾语)
(3)
作定语(常置于名词之后)
。
由
only, last, next
序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语
;
不定式还可用作名词
代词的的宾语
(ability,
anything,
attempt,
chance,
curiosity,
desire,
decision,
determination,
effort, failure,
intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)
例
1:She is always the first student to arrive at school.
变式训练
1
:
He is always the last one to leave the office.
他总是最后一个离开办公室。
变式训练
2
:I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
例
2
:
I have no desire to travel.
变式训练
1
:
You have a task to finish.
你有一项任务要完成
注:动词不 定式
to
后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式< br>后就应有必要的介词。
例如:I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.
I found no one to play with.
(4)
作状语
例如:
I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.
(不至于跌倒)
(
表目的
)
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (
表结果
)
He tried only to fail.
(结果没有成功)
She was
happy to hear the news. (
表原因
)
变式训练
1
:
He hurried to the station,only B the bus left one minute ago.
A. telling B. to be told C. tell D. to tell
变式训练
2
:
He hurried to the station,only A the bus left one minute ago.
A. to find C. to be found D. find
不定式常用于修饰下列形容词
:
able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted,
difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready,
reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong
etc.
例如:
French is difficult to learn.
法语难学。
变式训练
:
I’m sorry to int
errupt you, but I have to. (interrupt)
(5)
作独立副词成分。
例如:To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.
变式训练
: To be honest, learning English well is not difficult.
老实说,学好英语并不难。
(6)
与疑问词连用。疑问代词
who, what, which
和疑问副词
when, where, how
等后加动词不定式,构成
不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如:
When to start has not been decided.
什么时候出发还没有定。
变式训练
1
:
The problem is how to get there on time.
问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。
变式训练
2
:He didn’t know what to do next.
他不知道接下来要做什么。
变式训练
3
:I haven’t decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。
(
7)
不定式的复合结构
由
for +
名词或代词
+
动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。
例如:
It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.
你们有必要在星期五前做完这项
工作。
由
of
引出的不定式复合结构,经常与以下形容词连用:
bold, brave, careless, civil, clever,
courageous, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful,
thoughtless,
wrong, wise
等。
例如:It’s kind of you to say so.
变式训练:It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢,冲进