不定式和动名词的区别

温柔似野鬼°
949次浏览
2021年01月31日 23:54
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐

收获快乐-浪漫情侣头像

2021年1月31日发(作者:telephonenumber)
不定式和动名词的区别和联系

1


动名词与不定式的区别:

动名词表达的是:

状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的

不定式表达的是:

目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的

不定式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语
,
但用法不尽相同。

一、作主语

一般情况下
,
不定式与动名词作主语可以互换
,
也常常可以用
it
充当形式主语
,
而把不定式和动名词放在句子< br>的后半部分。但二者也有区别
,
不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为
;< br>而动名词则表示一般的、抽象的
行为。例如
:
To save money now is not easy.
现在攒钱不容易。

Saving money is a good habit.
攒钱是个好习惯。

[
真题回放
]
1. ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

A. Exposed B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
二、作宾语

有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语
,
不 能跟动名词作宾语
;
有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语
,
不能跟不定式作
宾语
;
有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可
,
但意思不同,另外还要熟记 下面几点
:
1)
下列短语中的
to
是介词
,
其后 跟动名词
,
不跟不定式。

be(get) used to
习惯于
;look forward to
盼望
;pay attention to
注意
;get down to
开始认真做
;lead to
通向、
导致
;prefer
doing
...
to
doing
...
宁愿做„„而不愿做„„;stick
to
坚持;devote
one’s
life(time,
oneself) to
献身于、致力于
;object to
反对
;in addition to ...
除„„之外
;on the way to ...
在去„„
的路上、正要成为„„;等等。

2)
不定式除可用在
except, but, besides
等后作宾语 之外
,
一般不用作介词宾语。此时
,
不定式能否省略
to,
取决于其前是否有行为动词
do
或其相应形式。有则省略
,
无则不能省略。例 如
:
She did nothing but wash some clothes that day.
那天她除了洗一些衣服之外什么也没做。

We had no choice except to walk home.
除了走着回家我们别无选择。

3)
动名词除了其一般式
doing,
还有完成式
having done
以及一般式的被动形式
being done
和完成式的被动
形式
having been done;
动名词前可以加上逻辑主语
,
构成动名词的复合结构:sb.’s doing。例如
:
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.非常抱歉
,
我没能遵守诺言。
(not having kept my promise
发生在
am sorry
之前
)
Do you mind Mary being left alone at home?
你介意玛丽被单独一个人留在家里吗
?
4)
不定式的完成式
to have done
表示在谓语动词之前已经发生的动作
,
而不定式的一般式
to do
表示动作将
要发生。不定式还有其被动形式
:to be done(
表示将来的被动动作
)

to have been done(
表示过去的被动
动作
)


三、作表语

不定式与动名词作表语时的区别与作主语时相同。例如
:
My job is teaching English.
我的工作是教英语。
(
泛指
,
多次性抽象行为
)
Your task is to go and help the farmers.
你的 工作是去帮助那些农民。
(
特指
,
一次性具体行为
)
四、作定语

不定式多为后置定语
,
动名词多为前置定语
;
不定式多表示将来的动作
,
动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。
例如
:
He is looking for a room to live in.
他正在找一间房子去住。

Take these sleeping pills and you’ll sleep better. 吃了这种安眠药
,
你会睡得更好。

注意
:
不定式作定语时 通常与其前的名词
(
代词
)
构成动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词
,
其后通常
要加上相应的介词。例如
:
Please give me a knife with which to cut.
2)
在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:



hate, like, love
前有
would(should)
时,如:
I'd like to have a cup of coffee.

②当谓语动词
begin,
continue,
start
等是进行式时,如:
The
students
are
starting
to
work
on
the
difficult
math’s
problem.


begin, continue, start

know
, understand
等状态动词连用时,如:
I soon began to understand what was
happening.


advise, allow
, encourage, forbid, permit
等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。如:


Our teachers don't permit our/us swimming in the lake.

Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.

3


部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。



forget, remember, regret
后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如:


Don't forget to post the letter for me.

Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?

Remember to close the windows before you leave.

I remember writing him a letter a year ago.

We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.

They regretted ordering these books from abroad.

动名词与不定式语义不同的有
11
组:

1 forget doing/to do
forget to do
忘记要去做某事。

(
未做
)
forget doing
忘记做过某事。


(
已做
)
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。
(
没有做关灯的动作
)
He forgot turning the light off.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。





(
已做过关灯的动作
)
Don't forget to come tomorrow
.
别忘了明天来。











(to come
动作未做
)
典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh

I forgot___.

A. turning it off


B. turn it off


C. to turn it off


D. having turned it off

答案:
C
。由
the light is still on
可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用
forget to do sth.

forget doing sth
表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意

2 stop doing/to do
stop to do
停止,中断原来做的事,开始做另外一件事

stop doing
停止正在做的事

They stop to smoke a cigarette.


他们停下来,抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking..











我必须戒烟了。

典型例题


She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested



B. resting





C. to rest





D. rest
答案:< br>C
。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择


停下来去做另一件事

。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以
stop doing sth.
不正确。

3 remember doing/to do
remember to do
记得去做某事

















(
未做
)
remember doing
记得做过某事
















(
已做
)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?

你不记得以前见过那个人吗
?
4 regret doing/to do
regret to do


对要做的事遗憾。














(
未做
)
regret doing


对做过的事遗憾、后悔。









(
已做
)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。

I don't regret telling her what I thought.
我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

典型例题

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do



B. to be doing




C. to have done




done
答案:
D

regret having done sth.
对已发生的事感到遗憾。
regret to do sth.

对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选
D


5 cease doing/to do
cease to do



长时间,甚至永远停做某事。

cease doing



短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。

That department has ceased to exist forever.

那个部门已不复存在。


The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.
姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天。


6 try doing/to do
try to do





努力,企图做某事。

try doing



试验,试着做某事。

You must try to be more careful.
你可要多加小心。

I tried gardening but didn't succeed.
我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。

7 go on doing/to do
go on to do



做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。

go on doing



继续做原来做的事。


After he had finished his math

he went on to do his physics.

做完数学后,他接着去做物理。


Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.

作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习

8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do




不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为





be afraid of doing


担心出现
doing
的状况、结果。

doing
是客观上造成的,意为

生怕,恐怕



She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being

bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband.
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband.
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

.9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do






对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事。

interested in doing


对某种想法感兴趣,
doing
通常为想法。

I shall be interested to know what happens.
我很想知道发生了什么事。

(
想了解
)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗
? (
一种想法
)

收获快乐-浪漫情侣头像


收获快乐-浪漫情侣头像


收获快乐-浪漫情侣头像


收获快乐-浪漫情侣头像


收获快乐-浪漫情侣头像


收获快乐-浪漫情侣头像


收获快乐-浪漫情侣头像


收获快乐-浪漫情侣头像