to do 不定式
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2021年01月31日 23:56
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奥卡利那笛-英语四级听力技巧
7.1
不定式作宾语
1)
动词
+
不定式
afford
aim
appear
agree
arrange
ask
be
decide
bother
care
choose
come
dare
demand
desire
determine
expect
elect
endeavor
hope
fail
happen
help
hesitate
learn
long
mean
manage
offer
ought
plan
prepare
pretend
promise
refuse
seem
tend
wait
wish
undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2
）动词
+
不定式
；
动词
+
宾语
+
不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare,
promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy.
我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I
like
you
to
keep
everything
tidy.
我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整
洁。
I want to speak to Tom.
我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.
我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3
）
动词
+
疑问词
+ to
decide,
know,
consider
forget,
learn,
remember,
show,
understand,
see,
wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that.
请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up
my mind which to buy.
有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意
:
疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
7.2
不定式作补语
1)
动词
+
宾语
+
不定式
(to do)
advise
allow
appoint
believe
cause
challenge
command
compel
consider
declare
drive
enable
encourage
find
forbid
force
guess
hire
imagine
impel
induce
inform
instruct
invite
judge
know
like
order
permit
persuade
remind
report
request
require
select
send
state
suppose
tell
think
train
trust
understand
urge
warn
例句：
a.
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b.
We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
Find
的特殊用法：
Find
后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加
带
to
的动词不 定式。
find
后也可带一个从句。
此类动词还有
get
，
have
。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题
:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed
，
dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
答案：
的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现
在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be
的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge,
believe,
consider,
think,
declare(
声
称
),
discover,
fancy(
设想
),
feel
find,
guess,
judge,
imagine,
know,
prove,
see(
理
解
),
show,
suppose,
take(
以为
),
understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered
___ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
答案：
A.
由
consider to do sth.
排除
B
、
D
。
.
此句只说明发明这一个事
实，
不定式后用原形即可。
而
C
为现在完成时，
发明为点动词一般 不用
完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选
C
。
3) to be +
形容词
Seem,
appear,
be
said,
be
supposed,
be
believed,
be thought,
be known,
be reported,
hope, wish,
desire,
want,
plan,
expect,
mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4)
there be+
不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.
我们没料到会有那么
多人在哪里。
注意
：
有些动词需用
as
短语做补语，如
regard,
think
believe,
take,
consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher.
我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father .
玛丽把他当作自己的父亲
7.3
不定式主语
1
）
It's easy (for me) to do that.
我做这事太容易了
easy,
difficult,
hard,
important,
possible,
impossible,
comfortable,
necessary,
better;
the first,
the next,
the last,
the best,
too much,
too little,
not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us.
他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind,
nice,
stupid,
rude,
clever,
foolish,
thoughtful,
thoughtless,
brave,
considerate(
考虑周到的
),
silly,
selfish(
自私的
)
例句
:
It was silly of us to believe him.
我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.
他不给他们任
何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：
1)
其他系动词如，
look
，
appear
等也可用于此句型
2)
不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3)
当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用
It is… to…
的句型
(
对
)To see is to believe.
百闻不如一见。
(
错
)It is to believe to see.
7.4 It's for sb.
和
It's of sb.
1
）
for sb.
常用于表示事物的特征特点，
表示客观形式的形容词，
如
easy,
hard, difficult,
interesting, impossible
等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
对他来说学两门外语
是很难的。
2
）
of s b
的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的
形容词，如
good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right
。
It's very nice of you to help me.
你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
for
与
of
的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，
用介词前边 的形容词作表语，
造个句子。
如果道理上通顺用
of
，不通则用
fo r
。如：
You are nice.
(
通顺，所以应用
of)
。
He is hard.
(
人是困难的，不通，因此应用
for
。
)
7.5
不定式作表语
不定式可放在
be
动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
7.6
不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
7.7
不定式作状语
1
）目的状语
To… only to (
仅仅为了
),
in order to,
so as to,
so(such)… as to… (
如
此
……
以便
……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班
车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you.
我来仅仅是向你告别。
2
）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
what I have said
是主语从句
what have I said...
是特殊疑问句，正常
语序是
I have said
…
to make you angry
，
并不是主语从句，
两个 动词
say
和
make
之间当然要有
to
连接。
t o do
也可能表示目的，让你生气。
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3)
表原因
I'm glad to see you.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be seat
D. be sat on
答案：
B.
如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于
形容词
+
动词不定式
结构的末尾。
7.8
用作介词的
to
to
有两种用法：
一为不定式
+
动词原形；
一为介词
+
名词
/
动名词
, to
在下面的用法中是第二种，即
to+
名词
/
动名词：
admit to
承认，
confess to
承认，
be
accustomed
to
习惯于，
be
used
to
习惯于，
stick
to
坚持，
turn to
开始，着手于，
devote oneself to
献身于，
be devoted to
致力
于，
look forward to
盼望，
pay attention to
注意
7.9
省
to
的动词不定式
1
）
情态动词
(
除
ought
外，
ought to)
：
2
）
使役动词
let, have, make
：
3
）
感官动词
see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel,
find
等后作宾补，省略
to
。
注意：在被动语态中则
to
不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4
）
would rather
，
had better
：
5
）
Why… / why not…
：
6
）
help
可带
to
，也可不带
to, help sb (to) do sth
：