疑问词+不定式结构
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“疑问词
+
不定式动词”结构
● 陈清霖
英语有个很有用的结构，就是：疑问词
+
不定式动词（
question word +
to-infinitive
）。
疑问词是疑问代词“who,
whom,
what,
which,
whose”和疑问副词“when,
where, how, why ”。此外，连接词“whether”也适用。
“疑问词
+
不定式动词”结构有何功用呢？其主要功用有下列五种：
⑴当主语，如：
● When to hold the meeting has not yet
been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
●
How
to
cope
with
the
rising
cost
of
living
becomes
a
daily
discussion
topic.
⑵当宾语，如：
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当补足语，如：
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语，如：
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸当宾语补足语，如：
● Jim is not sure whose to choose.
● Mary a
nd John are not certain whether to get married or not.
适用于“疑问词
+
不定式动词”的动词包括：“know, see, decide, tell,
ask,
consider,
discover,
explain,
forget,
guess,
hear,
imagine,
inquire,
learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。
有点 值得特别注意的是：
当这结构当宾语时，
它的作用等于名词分句，
例如：
●
I
could
not
decide
which
dictonary
to
buy.
/
I
could
not
decide
which
dictionary I should buy.
●
Jack
did
not
know
where
to
find
such
a
good
teacher./
Jack
did
not
know
where he could find such a good teacher.
有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有
个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词
+
不定式动词” 结构。例如：
●
The
chief
technician
showed
the
apprentice
how
to
repair
the
machine.
● Have you told him where to get the application form?
综上所述，可见“疑问词
+
不定式动词”结构是个形 象清新，既容易用又不
容易出错的特别结构，可以多多运用。
“疑问词
+
不定式”结构小结
2010-04-06 21:25
“疑问词
+
不定式”结构小结
疑问词
+
不定式”是英语中很有用的结构。
疑问词是疑问代词“who,
whom,
what,
which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how”。
一、几种用法：
⑴作主语。如：
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
⑵作宾语。如：
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
⑶作表语。如：
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
⑷作同位语。如：
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
⑸用于双重宾语。如：
● I can tell you where to get this book.
二、注意事项：
1
、并非所有动词都适用于“疑问词
+
不定式”结构，主要有：“know,
see,
decide,
tell,
ask,
consider,
discover,
explain,
forget,
learn,
remember,
wonder, understand”等。
2
、当这个结构作宾语时，它的作用相当于名词性从句。如：
● I could not decide which dictionary to buy. / I could not decide
which dictionary I should buy.
●
Jack
did
not
know
where
to
find
such
a
good
teacher./
Jack
did
not
know where he could find such a good teacher.
3
、有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以
先有个宾语，然后再接适当的“疑问词
+
不定式” 结构。如：
● Have you told him where to get the application form?
4
、
这种结 构中，
疑问代词须接及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语
(who, which
除外
)