基础英语语法大全_附练习题

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2021年02月01日 10:35
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2019高考作文-给妈妈的礼物

2021年2月1日发(作者:郭晓明)

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基础英语语法大全

Con tents
第一章名词

1.
名词的数

2.
名词的格

第二章代词

1.
人称代词

2.
物主代词

第三章冠词与数词

1.
冠词

2.
数词

第四章一般现在时态

第五章

现在进行时态

第六章句型

1.
陈述句




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2.
疑问句


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3.
4.
祈使句

There be
句型与

have' has

第七章总结考试

第一章名词


Noun


名词的概念

在生活中,我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物

,用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词



一、名词的数

名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式

。可数名词表示一个”时用单数,两个以上”时用复数;不可数

名词表示量时,通常用

数词
+
单位
+of+
物质 名词

的形式,女口

a piece of bread


一片面包

,变为

复数时,只须将单位名词变为复数

,如如
:
two pieces of bread


两片面包



*
名词复数的构成法则

1.
一般情况下在词尾加

shop --- shops


商店


bag --- bags


书包


window --- windows


窗户


2.

s, x, sh, ch
s.
词尾读音

在清辅音后读
[s ]
在浊辅音后读
[z ]
在兀音后读
[z ]

结尾的单词在词尾加

es




class --- classes


班级


词尾读音
[iz ]
学习参考



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box --- boxes


盒子


match --- matches


比赛


brush --- brushes


刷子


3.


辅音字母
+y
”结尾的词,


y

i

es.
story --- stories


故事


词尾读音
[iz ]
4.
以元音字母
+y
”结尾的词,在词尾直接加

s

key ___ keys
词尾读音
[z ]
mon key --- mon keys
5.

o
”结尾的名词,复数一般在词尾加

S


但个别加

es


tomato --- tomatoes

_
西红柿


词尾读音
[z ]
potato --- potatoes

_
.
土豆


zoo --- zoos


动物园


photo --- photos


照片


*
(以
o”
结尾,复数加

es
”)口诀
:

黑人

Negro

英雄

hero
)< br>,左手拿着西红柿

tomato

,右手拿着破土豆
头顶一 个大芒果


mango
)。

6.

f

fe
结尾的词,多数变
f

fe

ves.
leaf --- leaves


树叶


词尾读音
[VZ ]
knife --- knives


小刀


学习参考

potato












专业
.
专注

*
(以
f

fe
结尾的单词,需把
f

fe

ves
的单词)口诀 :

妻子

wife
)持刀

knife )去宰狼

wolf

,
小偷

thief
)吓得发了慌,躲在架下

shelf
)保己

命,半
half

片树叶(
leaf
)遮目光。

*
(以
f

fe
结尾的单词,直接加

S”
的单词)口诀:

长颈鹿

giraffe

站在屋檐

roof

下,左手拿着手绢

han dkerchief

,右手拿着高尔夫球

golf

例 :
roof --- roofs


屋顶


7.
不规则名词复数的变化

man --- men


男人


tooth ---teeth


牙齿


child --- childre n


儿童

mouse --- mice


老鼠


foot --- feet





woman --- women


女人


8.
名词单复数形式一样

sheep --- sheep


绵羊


deer --- deer
(鹿)

En glish --- En glish
(英国人)

Chi nese --- Chi nese
(中国人)

*
(不规则名词变复数)口诀:

男人,女人
a

e


鹅,足,牙齿
oo

ee


其实老鼠也好记
ous

ic


孩子加上
ren
,
鱼鹿绵羊不用记。

学习参考





专业
.
专注

、名词所有格的构成法

1.
主要是在词尾加
'
构成。如


This is T om
'
desk .
这是汤姆的书桌


That is Mike Sbook.
那是迈克的书。

2.
如果原名词已经有复数词尾

s ,
则仅加一个’
.



the teachers ' reading room
教师阅览室

the pupils
'
pencil-boxes
学生们的文具盒

3.
如果原词是复数 形式,但不是以
s
结尾,变为所有格形式需在后面加上

the childre n s palace
少年宫

men s room
男厕所

*
名词所有格口诀:

名词所有格,
s< br>前面加一撇’,复数
s
放在尾,后加一撇就完结,两人共有算一个

撇。
学习参考


,后面只加一个


专业
.
专注

名词练习题

一、

写出下列名词的复数形式


.computer ___________

_____________
4. _________________________ house ________

____________________ ________________


_
___________

_____________
___________


_______________ _____________
1
____________

_
____________
____________ _______________
_____________

______________ 8. life _______________
19. story_____________

_____________
21. baby _____________
_____________
fly
_____________ 24. deer
____________

____________
_____________ ______________
28. En glish ____________

_
___________ 30. ma_
__________
学习参考



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二、汉译英

1.
Tom
的足球

_____________________
_.
老师们的自行车
______________________
3.
______________________________
学生们的课桌
_________________________
4.
哥哥的文
具盒
_______________________________________

5.
____________________________
姑姑的卡片

____________________________
6.
猴子们
的香蕉
__________________________________

7
.
蚂蚁们的早餐

_________________________
8.
妈妈的包

_
_____________________

9.
_
_____________________________

姐的连衣裙

___________________________

10
女孩们的
苹果

__________________________________

三、把下列句子翻译成英文

1
.
这些


Peter
的篮球吗?
_____________________ _________________________________
2.
这个是老师的钢笔吗?

__________________________ _______________________________
3.
有一些书在
Sam
的课桌上。
____________________ ________________________________
4.
有一些孩子们在教室里。

__________________________ ______________________________
四、改错(圈出错处,在横线上改正过来)

I.
___________ _________________________________________________ There are
some butterflys on the table. ______________________________________

2. ____________________________________
This is Alice dress.
3.1
like tomato very much.
_
_________________

五、将下列句子变成复数形式。

1
.
This dog is brow n.
学习参考



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2.
There is a book and a pen on the table.

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3. That woma n is a teacher.
学习参考
ne
mon th
2. box
watch
3.k nife


baby


tree


apple

bus

class

life

Wife
thief

boy

country
radio
tomato
hero
将下列名词变成复数形式。
lesson
shirt
brush
fox
leaf
mon key
story
pia no
能力测试卷(名词)













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.
专注

6. child
Sheep
tooth
En glish
man
Chin ese
二、判断正误,并改正错句,正确的打“
V”


学习参考

1.
The house is my brother. _______________________

2.
He has visited many country. _____________________

3.
They are En glishs.
____________________________
4.
This is Tom red bike. ___________________________
三、选择填空

1
.
There are two ______
i
n the room.
A. Chin eses
B. En glishma n
2.
The old man will have __________
out.
A. two tooths
B. two teeth
3.
___________
are sold in this bookstore.
A. Children
'
s books B. Children books
4.
Some frie nds of ________
w
ill come here.
A. John
'
s

5.
Can you give me _____________ ?
A. some papers
B. a piece of paper
6. ____________________________
There are
on the floor.




专业
.
专注

A. some box
B. some boxes
四、将下列句子变成复数形式。

1.
This sheep is white.
2.
There is a desk and a chair in the room.
3.
That man is a doctor.
第二章代词

一、人称代词

1
.













































人称

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称



主格

I
you
he
she
it
宾格

me
you
him
her
it
us
单数

复数

第一人称

We
学习参考



专业
.
专注

第二人称

第三人称


you
they
you
them
主格与宾格:

人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式

。主格主要用来做句子的主语

;宾格主要用作宾语

她正坐在公共汽车上。

人称代词主格用在句首作主语


She is sitting in a bus.
人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语


This pen is bad .I can
'
t
rite with it.
这支钢笔不好,我没法用它写

字。

2.
人称代词的排列顺序

人称代词并列使用时,通常以下列顺序出现,请熟悉并记忆。

1)
单数代词
:
you and I; you and he he and I ; you ,he and I
2)
复数代词
:
we and they we and you you and they; we, you and they
3)
第三人称单数代词:
he and she
*
人称代词排序口诀:人称代词并列观,注意顺序礼貌见;

单数人称二、三、一,复数人称一、二、三;

麻烦事情我”站前,其他人称没意见;

两性并用为三单,男先女后是习惯

二、物主代词

物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词

学习参考



专业
.
专注


人称

类别


单数

形容词性

名词性


第一人称

复数

our
our
单数

your
yours
第二人称

复数

your
yours
单数

第三人称

复数

their
theirs
my
mi ne
his,her,its
his,hers,its
名词性物主代词

=
形容词性物主代词

+
名词

例,
Whose coat is this?
这是谁的上衣


It
'
hers.
是她的。

hers= her coat
*
关于物主代词的口诀:

物主代词很重要,译成汉语都有

的”,后面必须加上物,否则就要犯错误

my your his her its our their
不放过


形容词性是基础,除了我的

mine
”外,其他词尾总”性

形物代能力差,出门常把名词加;名物代能力强,常来独去又独往

三、反身代词

反身代词也叫

自身代词”,表示
**
自己”。


^^
^
人称

单数

第人称

myself
第二人称

yourself
第三人称

himself, herself
学习参考



专业
.
专注

复数

ourselves
yourselves
themselves
学习参考
I can do it by myself.
我自己能做这件事

*
反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀



反身代词有规律,第 三人称宾格加,其余开头用物主,复数
-ves

-f

四、指示代词

This

这个


-
--- these


这些

指近处的事物

That

那个


---
t
hese


那些

指远处的事物

例,
This is a book.
这是本书。

These are some books.
这些是书。

That is a car.
那是辆小汽车


Those are some cars.
那些是小汽车






专业
.
专注

代词练习题

一、

根据题意,用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.
Mary is a friend of
_____________ . ( I )
2.
This is
_______
( she ) ruler. ________ ( I ) is in the bag.
3.
Her brother is too young to look after ________
( he )
4.
This is
________
( I ) book. This book is _________ ( I ).
5. These pens are _________
( we ).

二、填写下列表格。

人称代词





我们

你,你














他们






























形容词性物主代词

名词性物主代词









反身代词

三、改写下列句子

Eg, This is my book.
-

--- The book is mine
1.
That is her ruler. ______________________________________

2.
These are their footballs.
____________________________________
3.
This is my backpack .

___________________________________
4.
Those are your boxes. ______________________________________
四、把下列句子改写成复数。

学习参考



专业
.
专注

1. This is a butterfly.
____________________________________________
2.
That is a bus. _______________________________________________
3.
It is a mouse. _______________________________________________
五、改错。

I.
_________________________ _________________________________ Thi
s is mi ne lamp. _______________________________________________
2.
These are ours books. __________________________________________
3.
That are their teacher.
__________________________________________
4.
___________________________________________
The house is
my brother.
_
___________________________________

5.
He has visited many coun try.
_
____________________
6.
They are Chin eses.
____________________________
7.
This is Tom red bike.
____________________________
能力测试卷(代词)



帮下面的好朋友团圆

(连线)



我们

他(她,它)们

I
its

her

we



你的

他(她,它)们

they

their


your
she

她的

它的

二、填空


.
Shesa teacher . This is
bag.
2. He
'
a driver. This is ___________
taxi.


3.
I am a boy . _________ n ame is Peter.
4.
--What s __________ name?
--My n ame is Tony.
学习参考



专业
.
专注

5.
It
'
my puppy.
_
_____
n ame is Mimi.
三、

选择

(
(
) book is not so old as
_________ .
A. him B. he C. his D. she
)2. _____ book is it ? It
'

_
_________
.

B. Whose

hers C. Who - - hers D. Whom

her
)3. He is a friend of ________
.
四、

改错

A. Whose

her
(
A. our B. us C. my D. mine
1.1, you and he are all teachers.
2.
This is mine teddy bear.
3.
These are ours bags.
4.
These is their teachers.
第三章数词和冠词

一、数词

表示数目和顺序的词叫数词

。数词又分基数词和序数词

,基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序

1
.
最基本的基数词如下表所示



1~10
1 one
2 two


11~19

20~100
11 eleve n
12 twelve
20 twenty
学习参考



专业
.
专注

3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine

13 thirteen
14 fourtee n
15 fifteen
16 sixtee n
17 seve ntee n
18 eightee n
19 nin etee n
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seve nty
80 eighty
90 nin ety
100 one hun dred
“ ”。

99 ninety -nine
and


10 ten

*
基数词的写法


21~99
的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符

例:
21 twenty - one
32 thirty - two
百位数:个位数基数词形式加

hundred

,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上

例:
101 a hun dred and one. 320 three hun dred and twenty
forty-eight
2.
序数词的构成

1)
一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾

four+ th--- fourth
seve n + th --- seve nth
2)


648six hun dred and
th
构成。例,

six + th --- sixth
ten + th --- tenth
下面这些基数词在变为序数词时

,有特殊的变化。例,

学习参考

one --- first
two --- sec ond
three --- third
five--- fifth


专业
.
专注

eight --- eighth
nine
——
ninth
twelve
——
twelfth
y
变成
i
,
然后在加
eth.

,
thirty --- thirtieth
3
)
十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词

twenty --- twen tieth

forty --- fortieth
ninety --- nin etieth
4
)
两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时

,仅将个位数变成序数词。例,

twenty ~one ------- twen ty- first
thirty-five -----
thirty- fifth
a hundred and fifty-three ------ a hundred and fifty- third
*
基数词变序数词的口诀:

基变序,有规律;词尾加上
th
(
fourth, sixth
)

一、二、三,单独记
;
结尾字母

t, d, d
; (
first
,
seco nd
,
third
)

八去

t,
九去

e,
(
eighth
,
ninth
)
ve
要用

f
替;
(
fifth
,
twelfth
)

整十基数变序数,
ty

y
变成
i th
前面有个
e
;
要是遇到几十几,前用基来后用序。

二、冠词

冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种


a

an
是不定冠词,
the
是定冠词。
a
用在辅音音素之前, 如
a

desk, a tree an
用在元音因素之前

,
女口

an apple, an hour, an English book.
1.
不定冠词
(
a,an
)
指人或事物的某一种类,表示

一个”,但不强调数量。

学习参考



专业
.
专注



She is a teacher.
That san orange.
学习参考



专业
.
专注

2.
定冠词
the
,
是特指某(些)人、某(些)物,或指说话人与听话
人彼此知道的人或物

是在上文提到过的人和事



,或者

学习参考
This is a bus.
The bus is big.
3.
不用冠词的情况:

1
)专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词前一般不用冠词

Chin ese, En glish, Jim
等。

2
)名词前已经有
this, that, my, your
等词时,就不再用冠词了
that mouse


那只老鼠


3


一些固定词组前不用定冠词

。如,

at home
在家

go to school
去上学

*
定冠词
the
的用法记忆口诀:

特指、重提和唯一,岛屿、海峡和海湾;

海洋、党派、最高级,沙漠、河流与群山;

方位、顺序和乐器,年代、团体与机关;

船名、建筑和组织,会议、条约与报刊;

姓氏复数、国全名,记住定冠
the
加在前。

。如,

女口,






专业
.
专注

*
零冠词用法口诀:

月份、星期、节假洲,呼语、头衔职务前;

三餐、球类、惯用语,学科、棋类名
词前。
学习参考



专业
.
专注

冠词和数词专项练习

、在空白处填上适当的冠词,不需要的填“”。

1) at
____
h
ome
2) go to ____ bed
3) go to _____school

4) catch
_
_______
b
ad cold 5) have _______ good time

red apple
7)
En glish book
8)
spo on
orange
10)
mel on
11)
eraser
-
——二


选择填空

a


is
in the'wiord
primary
A. an
B.a

D./
is
orange bike .
A.a
B.a n

D/

3

t always takes us half ____ hour to have ___
long walk after supper .
A.a,a
B,a ,the
C.a n , a
D.a n , the
4.
E nglish is
__
u
seful la nguage in
___ world .
A.a n , the B.a , the , /
D./ , the
5.
We are going to
____
cin ema this evening .

B./
C/a
D.a n
6.
_
____________________
He
'
s standing on other side of
river .
A.a , a
, the
, a D.a , the
7. ____ potato is a vegetable , not
_
___
f
ruit .
, an , a C.A, the D.A n, /
8.
__________ He was
first to come .
B.a D./
9.
_
____________ Do you see __
b
ook on
table ?









6)
9)_

学习参考



专业
.
专注

, a B.a, an
,
an D.a , the

'
s________ desk ? It
'
s in
___ middle of the room .
A./ , /
B./ , a C.a , / , the
11. _________ He is
friend of mine .
A.a n
B./ D.a
12.
_
_________ There is
uni versity n ear the farm .
A.a
B.a n D./
13. ____________
H
e died in
autu mn of 1989 .
A./
C.a D.a n
14.1 have
___ book . I t
te'restingone in like readi ng ___ books very much .
A.a, an

/ B.a , / , the C.a n , an , the D./ , an , /
is ________________ Childre n
'
s Day .
A.a
B.a n
D/
is ____ bag . That is
____ eraser .
A.a, a B.a , an
C.a n , a D. an , an
四、用代词填空


1. __
,
_____
and
_
____
a
re all good friends .
, you , they , they , we , they , you , you , we
2. __
classroom is big , but ____ is much bigger tha n ____ .
, they , us , their , our , theirs , ours , theirs , we
lost
___ pen . Will you lend her
___ ?
, yours , your , you , yourself
4.

What are yodoing ?



am looking at
____ in the mirror ?


f
5. ___
, ___ and ______
all enjoy music .
, you , I B.I , she , you , she , I D.I , you , she
能力测试卷(冠词和数词)

一、写出相邻的数词

1.
twe nty
2.
five
3.
twelve
4.
fifty-eight
5.
ninety
6.
seve nty
7.
thirty-eight
8.
one hun
dred
9.
one thousand
10.
one
二、选择正确答案

I.
___________________ There are
days in a year.
A. three hun dreds sixty-five
B. three hun dreds and sixty-five
C. three hun dred and sixty-five
D. three hun dred and sixty five
2.
__________________
There are
students in this school.
A. eight hun dreds and forty-six
B. eight hun dred and forty six

学习参考






专业
.
专注

C. eight hun dred and forty-six
3. My brother is in
A. Three Class, One Grade
C. Grade One, Class Three
D. eight hun dred forty-six
B. Class Three, Grade One
D. class three, grade one
B. yesterday morning eight
D. by eight yesterday morning
mon ths in a year. December is the
D. twelve; twelveth
4. _____________________________________ He was doing some wash ing
.
A. at eight yesterday morning
C. yesterday morning at eight
5. ____________________
T
here are

_____________________

month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve
B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve
is the ___________ day of the week.
A. seve nth
B. first C. sec ond
D. third
7. ____________________ Autu mn is
seas on in a year.
A. the fourth
B. the third
C. a third
D. third
8.
__________________
Tom was ___________________________
to get to school and I was
.
A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a nin th
9.
A. Friday B. time to go
D. the sec ond; the ninth
What
'
the date today?
I
t
'

.

C. cloudy
D. June 4
th

10.
Mon day is the sec ond day, and
_
___________ .
A. Tuesday is the fourth
C. the sec ond is Tuesday
B. Thursday is the fifth
D. the sec ond is Thursday
第四章
一般现在时态

一、

一般现在时的定义

一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作

,存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态



二、

一般现在时的结构

般现在时用行为动词的原形

,但第三人称单数 作主语时,动词的词尾要加
-s

-es
。现在以连

系动 词
be
和行为动词
read
为例,对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及 其简略答语的

构成以表格形式
加以说明:

学习参考



专业
.
专注


动词


肯定句

否定句

学习参考



专业
.
专注

I am


be
You/We/They are


He/She/It is ...
read


I am not


You/We/They are n ot
He/She/It is not


I/We/You/They/ do n ot read
He/She/It does not read






I/We/You/They read


He/She/It reads


动词

疑问句

Am I



Are you



Are we ••?

简略答语(肯定)

Yes , you are.
Yes, I am/we are.
Yes, we/you are.
Yes, they are.
Yes, he is.
Yes, she is.
Yes, it is.
Yes, you / we / they
do.
Yes, he / she / it does.
简略答语(否定)

No, you are not.
No, I am/we are not.
No, we/ you are not.
No, they are not.
No, he is not.
No, she is not.
No, it is not.
No, you / we / they do
n ot.
No, he / she / it does
be
Are they



Is he



Is she



Is it



Do I / we / they
read
read



Does he / she / it
read

?
连系动词
be
的各种形式常与代词或



n ot.
not
缩写成一个词

助动词
do
,
does
—般只有与
not
缩写


联系动词
be
缩写形式如下

r
冃疋

I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
We are
They are
缩写

I m
You 're
He
'

She
'

It's
We 're
They
'
re
否定

I am not
You are not
He is not
She is not
It is not
We are not
They are not
缩写

I m not
You
'
re not /You aren
'
t
He s n ot /He isn
'
t
She s not /She isn
'
t
It s not / It isn
'
t
We
'
re not / We aren
'
t
They 're not / They aren
'

动词
do not
的缩写形式为

don
',
does not
的缩写形式为

doesn
'


学习参考

2019高考作文-给妈妈的礼物


2019高考作文-给妈妈的礼物


2019高考作文-给妈妈的礼物


2019高考作文-给妈妈的礼物


2019高考作文-给妈妈的礼物


2019高考作文-给妈妈的礼物


2019高考作文-给妈妈的礼物


2019高考作文-给妈妈的礼物