英语过去式和过去分词
绝世美人儿
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2021年02月02日 04:19
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐
-强烈的反义词
一、
A
—
A
—
A
型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三 者都相同。（共
9
个）
cost
—
cost
—
cost
cut
—
cut
—
cut
hit
—
hit
—
hit
hurt
—
hurt
—
hurt
let
—
let
—
let
put
—
put
—
put
read
—
read
—
read
set
—
set
—
set
shut
—
shut
—
shut
二、
A
—
B
—
B
型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共
41
个）
1
过去式和过去分词都含有
-ought
。（
3
个）
bring
—
brought
—
brought
buy
—
bought
—
bought
think
—
thought
—
thought
2 < br>词尾有
-ild
，
-end
时，只需把
d
变为
t
。（
4
个）
build
—
built
—
built
lend
—
lent
—
lent
send
—
sent
—
sent
spend
—
spent
—
spent
3
．过去式、过去分词都含有
-aught
。（
2
个）
catch
—
caught
—
caught
teach
—
taught
—
taught
4
． 把
-eep
变为
-ept
。（
3
个）
keep
—
kept
—
kept
sleep
—
slept
—
slept
sweep
—
swept
—
swept
5
把
-ell
变为
-old
。（
2
个）
tell
—
told
—
told
sell
—
sold
—
sold
6
．过去式、过 去分词都含有
-elt
或
-ilt
。（
4
个）
smell
—
smelt
—
smelt
spell
—
spelt
—
spelt
feel
—
felt
—
felt
spill
—
spilt
—
spilt
7
．过去 式、过去分词都在原形词尾加
t
。（
3
个）
learn
—
learnt
—
learnt
mean
—
meant
—
meant
spoil
—
spoilt
—
spoilt
8
．过去式、过去分词词尾是
d
。（
4
个）
say
—
said
—
said
pay
—
paid
—
paid
lay
—
laid
—
laid
hear
—
heard
—
heard
9
．改变元音字母。（
11
个）
meet
—
met
—
met
get
—
got
—
got
sit
—
sat
—
sat
find
—
found
—
found
hold
—
held
—
held
spit
—
spat
—
spat
shine
—
shone
—
shone
win
—
won
—
won
hang
—
hung
—
hung
dig
—
dug
—
dug
lose
—
lost
—
lost
10
．改变辅音字母。（
1
个）
make
—
made
—
made
11
改变元、辅音字母。（
4
个）
leave
—
left
—
left
stand
—
stood
—
stood
have
（
has
）
—
had
—
had
understand
—
understood
—
understo od
三、
A
—
B
—
C
型，即原形、过去式、过去 分词都不相同。（共
35
个）
1 i
—
a
—
u
变化。（
6
个）
begin
—
began
—
begun
drink
—
drank
—
drunk
sing
—
sang
—
sung
ring
—
rang
—
rung
swim
—
swam
—
swum
sink
—
sank
—
sunk
2
词尾为< br>-ow
，
-aw
时，过去式将其变为
-ew
，过去分词在其原 形后加
n
。（
5
个）
blow
—
blew
—
blown
draw
—
drew
—
drawn
grow
—
grew
—
grown
know
—
knew
—
known
throw
—
threw
—
thrown
（
show
除外）
3
词尾为
“i
＋辅（
1
个）＋
e”
，过 去式将
i
变为
o
，过去分词多在原形后加
n
，若那个辅音字
母为
d
或
t
，须双写
d
或
t
后加
n
。（
4
个）（
give
，
hide
除外 ）
drive
—
drove
—
driven
write
—
wrote
—
written
ride
—
rode
—
ridden
rise
—
rose
—
risen
4
过去分词 在过去式后加（
e
）
n
。（
5
个）
break
—
broke
—
broken
choose
—
chose
—
chosen
freeze
—
froze
—
frozen
speak
—
spoke
—
spoken
wake
—
woke
—
woken
5
过去分词由过去式加
-ten
构成。（
1
个）
forget
—
forgot
—
forgotten
6
过去分词由原形加（
e
）
n
构成。（
6
个）
be
—
was
（
were
）
—
been
eat
—
ate
—
eaten
fall
—
fell
—
fallen
give
—
gave
—
given
see
—
saw
—
seen
hide
—
hid
—
hidden
（
hid
）
7
词尾为
-ake
时，过去式将其变为
-ook
，过去分词在原形词后加
-n
。（
2
个）
take
—
took
—
taken
mistake
—
mistook
—
mistaken
8
原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（
6
个）
do
—
did
—
done
fly
—
flew
—
flown
go
—
went
—
gone
lie
—
lay
—
lain
show
—
showed
—
shown
wear
—
wore
—
worn
四、
A
—
A
—
B
型，即过去式和原形相同。（
1
个）
beat
—
beat
—
beaten
五、
A—
B
—
A
型，即过去分词和原形相同。（
3
个）
come
—
came
—
come
become
—
became
—
become
run
—
ran
—
run
六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（
4
个）
can
—
could
may
—
might
will
—
would
shall
—
should
文中
6
个动词的过去式和过去分词，还有一种规则变化形式。
——————————————————————————————————
不规则动词相对于规则动词来说，难记得多，是最难对付的一
类词。学生难学，老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的，可根据其中
的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法，以期大家
在攻克这一难关时，能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、
原形、过去式、过去分词相同：
cost
／
cut
／hit
／
hurt
／
let
／
put
／
read
／
shut
（细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字
母
t
结尾的。）
二、
原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：
beat
／
beat
／
beaten
三、
原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：
come
／
came
／
come become
／
became
／
become
run
／
ran
／
run
come
，
becom e
，
属不规则变化，
但
welcome
属规则动词，
其过去 式、
过去分词为：
welcomed
，
welcomed
四、
过去式，过去分词相同：
(1)
去掉字母组合
ee
中的一个
e
meet
／
met
／
met feed
／
fed
／
fed
(2)
去掉字母组合
ee
中的一个
e,
然后再在词尾加
t
feel
／
felt
／
felt sleep
／
slept
／
slept
keep
／
kept
／
kept sweep
／
swept
／
swept
(3)
词尾为的
ll
去掉一个
l
加
t
spell
／
spelt
／
spelt smell
／
smelt
／
smelt
spill
／
spilt
／
spilt
(4)
过去式和过去分词以
aught
或
ought
结尾
catch
／
caught
／
caught teach
／
taught
／
taught
bring
／
brought
／
brought buy
／
bought
／
bought
think
／
thought
／
thought
(5)
将
stand
改为
stood
stand
／
stood
／
stood understand
／
understood
／
understood
(6)
将
ay
改为
aid
lay
／
laid
／
laid pay
／
paid
／
paid
say
／
said
／
said
(7)
将
d
改为
t
lend
／
lent
／
lent send
／
sent
／
sent
spend
／
spent
／
spent
build
／
built
／
built
(8)
将
i
改为
a , o, u
等
sit
／
sat
／
sat spit
／
spat
／
spat
win
／
won
／
won
dig
／
dug
／
dug
(9)
将
ell
改为
old
tell
／
told
／
told sell
／
sold
／
sold
(10)
词尾加
t
learn
／
learnt
／
learnt mean
／
meant
／
meant
dream
／
dreamt
／
dreamt spoil
／
spoilt
／
spoilt
(11)
有两种过去式和过去分词
,
一种是不规则的
,
一种是规则的
learn
／
learnt
／
learnt learn
／
learned
／
learned
shine
／
shone
／
shone shine
／
shined
／
shined
hang
／
hung
／
hung hang
／
hanged
／
hanged
smell
／
smelt
／
smelt smell
／
smelled
／
smelled
(12)
其它
have
（
has
）／
had
／
had hear
／
heard
／
heard
shoot
／
shot
／
shot lose
／
lost
／
lost
hold
／
held
／
held get
／
got
／
got
（
AmE gotten
）
find
／
found
／
found make
／
made
／
made
leave
／
left
／
left
五、三者均不同：
(1)
过去式以
ew
结尾、过去分词以
own
结尾
blow
／
blew
／
blown fly
／
flew
／
flown
grow
／
grew
／
grown know
／
knew
／
known
throw
／
threw
／
thrown
值得注意的是
:
show
／
showed
／
sh own
或
showed draw
／
drew
／
drawn
(2)
改
i< br>为
a
变成过去式、改
i
为
u
变成过去分词
begin
／
began
／
begun drink
／
drank
／
drunk
ring
／
rang
／
rung sing
／
sang
／
sung
swim
／
swam
／
swum sink
／
sank
／
sunk
(3)
改
i为
o
变成过去式，过去分词以
n
结尾
drive
／
drove
／
driven write
／
wrote
／
written
rise
／
rose
／
risen ride
／
rode
／
ridden
(4)
原形后加
n
变成过去分词
drive
／
drove
／
driven rise
／
rose
／
risen
eat
／
ate
／
eaten fall
／
fell
／
fallen
give
／
gave
／
given
(5)
过去式后加
n
变成过去分词
break
／
broke
／
broken choose
／
chose
／
chosen
freeze
／
froze
／
frozen mistake
／
mistook
／
mistaken
steal
／
stole
／
stolen speak
／
spoke
／
spoken
take
／
took
／
taken wake
／< br>woke
／
woken
（或
woke
）
(6)
其它
be
／
was
或
were
／
been do
／
did
／
done
forget
／
forgot
／
forgotten go
／
went
／
gone
hide
／
hid
／
hidden see
／
saw
／
seen
wear
／
wore
／
worn
六、
有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同。
wake
／
woke
／
woken
（或
woke
）
wake
／
waked
／
waked
sink
／
sank
／
sunk sink
／
sunk
／
sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义：
shine
、
hang
的两种过去式和过去分词：
shone
／
shone
照耀
shined
／
shined
擦亮
hung
／
hung
悬挂
hanged
／
hanged
绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词
lie
躺卧
la y
／
lain
／
lying
（现在分词）
lay
放，下蛋
laid
／
laid
／
laying
find
找到、发现
find
／
found
／
found
found
创建，成立
found
／
founded
／
founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
（一）词义相对：
(1) come
／
came
／
come
来
——
go
／
went
／
gone
去
(2) give
／
gave
／
given
给
——
get
／
got
／
got
（
AmE gotten
）获得
(3) sleep
／
slept
／
slept
睡觉
——
wake
／
woke
／
woken
（或
woke
）
wake
／
waked
／
waked
醒来
(4) rise
／
rose
／
risen
上升、上涨、升 起
——
fall
／
fell
／
fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink
／
sank
／
sunk sink
／
sunk
／
sunken
沉下
, (
使
)
下沉
(5) buy
／
bought
／
bought
买
——
sell
／
sold
／
sold
出售
,
卖
(6) take
／
took
／
taken< br>带去
——
bring
／
brought
／
broug ht
带来
(7) teach
／
taught
／
taught
教
——
learn
／
learnt
／
learnt learn
／
learned
／
learned
学习、学会
(8) lose
／
lost
／
lost
丢失、失败
——
find
／
found
／
found
找到
win
／
won
／
won
赢得、（获）胜
(9) stand
／
stood
／
stood
站、立——
sit
／
sat
／
sat
坐
(10) send
／
sent
／
sent
送、寄、发送
——
get
／
got
／
got
（
AmE gotten
）获得、收到
（二）、词义相近：
(1) beat
／
beat
／
beaten .
打
,
打败
win
／
won
／
won
赢得、获胜
(2) understand
／
understood
／
understood
懂
,
了解
know
／
knew
／
known
知道
,
了解
,
认识
(3) get
／
got
／
got
（
AmE gotten
）变成、成为、变得
become
／
became
／
become
变成
,
成为
,
变得
go
／
went
／
gone
变成
turn
／
turned
／
turned
变成
(4) spend
／
spent
／
spent
花费、度过
pay
／
paid
／
paid
支付、交纳
cost
／
cost
／
cost
花费、价值为
take
／
took
／
taken
花费
(5) say
／
said
／
said
说、讲
speak
／
spoke
／
spoken
说、演讲
tell
／
told
／
told
告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk
／
talked
／
talked
谈话
,
讲
,
谈论
,
议论
①
A-B-B
型变化
不定式
过去式
过去分词
基本意义
bend bent bent
使变曲
bring brought brought
带来；引起；产生
buy bought bought
购买；采购
catch caught caught
接住；抓住；赶上；染上
deal dealt dealt
分配；分给
dig dug dug
挖（土）；掘地
feel felt felt
触摸（某物）；感觉到
fight fought fought
搏斗；奋斗；斗争；
find found found
发现；找到；
get got got/gotten
收到；接到；得到；成为
have had had
有；吃；喝；进行；经受
hear heard heard
听见；听说；得知
hold held held
拿住；抓住；抱；举行
keep kept kept
留下；保留；继续
lay laid laid
放置；产（卵）
leave left left
离开；把
……
留下；剩下
learn learnt
learned learnt
learned
学；学习；获悉；得知
lend lent lent
借出；借给
lose lost lost
失去；丧失；损失
make made made
做；制作；制造；使得
meet met met
遇见；碰见；相遇
babysit babysat babysat
照顾婴儿
pay paid paid
付钱；给
……
报酬
不定式
过去式
过去分词
基本意义
say said said
说，讲
sell sold sold
卖；销售
shine shone shone
发光；照耀；照射
sit sat sat
坐；就座
sleep slept slept
睡，睡觉；睡着
smell smelt smelt
闻出；嗅；发出气味
spend spent spent
用（钱）；花（时间）；度过
stand stood stood
站立；直立；位于；经受
teach taught taught
教，教授；传授
tell told told
告诉；讲述；吩咐
think thought thought
想，思考，认为
understand understood understood
懂；理解；领会
win won won
赢；获胜；赢得，获得
build built built
建筑，建造
feed fed fed
喂养
hang hung hung
悬挂，吊
sweep swept swept
打扫
send sent sent
送，派
shoot shot shot
射击
spit spat spat
吐（痰）
spoil spoilt spoilt
溺爱，损坏，破坏
flee fled fled
逃离
lead led led
引导；致便；领导
mislead misled misled
把
…
引错方向
;
给
…
带错路
mean meant meant
意思是
…
②
A-B-A
型变化
不定式
过去式
过去分词
基本含义
overcome overcame overcome
克服，战胜
become became become
变为，成为
come came come
到来；出现
run ran run
跑，奔跑；
③
A-B-C
型变化
不定式
过去式
过去分词
基本含义
Be was/were been
有；存在；是；成为
begin began begun
开始
blow blew blown
吹，刮；吹响
break broke broken
打破（断，碎）；损坏，撕开
choose chose chosen
选择，挑选，选取
do did done
做，干
drink drank drunk
喝；饮
drive drove driven
驾驶（车）：驱赶
eat ate eaten
吃
fall fell fallen
落下；跌落；变为
fly flew flew
飞；飞行；
forget forgot forgotten
忘记；遗忘；忽视
freeze froze frozen
（使）结冰；冷冻
give gave given
送给；授予；供给；
go went gone
去；离去；行驶；通到；到达
grow grew grown
变成；生长；发育；种植
know knew known
知道，懂得；了解；认识
lie lay lain
躺；平卧；（指物）平放
ride rode ridden
骑马、自行车等；搭乘
ring rang rung
（铃等）鸣响；打电话
rise rose risen
上升；上涨；起立
see saw seen
看见；察觉；领会
show showed shown/showed
给
……
看；展出；表明
shake shook shaken
颤抖
sing sang sung
唱，唱歌
speak spoke spoken
说话；会说（某语言）；发言
steal stole stolen
偷；窃取
swim swam swum
游水；游泳
take took taken
拿；服用；乘坐；花费
throw threw thrown
投，抛，扔，掷
wake woke woken
醒，醒来，叫醒
wear wore worn
穿，戴
write wrote written
写，书写；写作，著述
forgive forgave forgiven
原谅