英语一般过去时和过去进行时

余年寄山水
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2021年02月02日 04:23
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-困

2021年2月2日发(作者:残疾)
一、一般过去时

(一)一般过去时时态


1

主要用来表示过去某一时间发生的(和现在没有联系的)动作或所处的状态,常有一
个表示明确 的过去的时间状语
,如:
the day before yesterday, yesterday, last week, three days
ago, just now, at that time , in 1999
等;
或跟由
while/ when
等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句;
或有上下文暗示动作发生的时间是在过去



They were in Paris three years ago.
三年前他们在巴黎



When I was at college, I spoke three foreign languages.
上大学的时候,我讲三门外语。



——
Have you seen a pen? I left here this morning,
你看见一支笔了吗?今天早上我这的。

——

Is it a black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
是黑色的吗?我想我在什么地方见到过。


2
)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。



He always got up late on Sundays.
周日他总是很晚才起床。


3
)表示客气,与过去式无关,一般用在情态动词中



Would/Could you please give me a hand


你能帮我一下吗?

(二)谓语构成



一般过 去时的谓语不管主语的人称和单复数都用动词的过去式表示,
动词的过去式有规则
与不规则两种 。规则动词的过去式在动词原形后加
-ed,
不规则动词的过去式要逐个记忆。

规则动词的过去式变化方式如下:


情况

一般情况

变化规则

在动词原形后


-ed
例词

start

started work

worked
enjoy

enjoyed

finish

finished

phone

phoned live

lived
move

moved hope

hoped

cry

cried carry

carried
try

tried





study

studied

以不发音的

e
结尾的词

在动词后加
-d
以辅音字母
+y

y


i


结尾的词

再加
-ed
以辅音字母结






plan

planned



stop

尾的重读闭音
母,再加
-ed
stopped

节词





不规则动词的过去式

(举例)

begin

began go

went see

saw do

did get

got come

came
leave

left am

was are

were give

gave have

had think


thought
(三)一般过去时的否定式和疑问式


1
)实义动词的一般过去时的否定式和疑问式要用助动词
did
帮助构成 。疑问句的简单回
答也要用助动词。

Yes, I did. / No, I didn

t


否定句构成:

主语
+ did not (didn

t) +
动词原形„

例如:
I
didn

t
see your sister last Sunday.
我上星期天没看见你的姐姐。

He
did not
go to the cinema yesterday.
我昨天没有去看电影
.
疑问句构成:
Did +
主语
+
动词原形


?

①—
Did you enjoy the film?
你喜欢这部电影吗?

---
Yes, I did. / No, I didn

t.

是的,我喜欢。
/
不,我不喜欢。


--- Did she go back before noon?
她是中午前回来的吗?

---
Yes, she did. / No, she didn

t.
是的,她是的。
/
不,她不是。


2
)动词
be (was, were)
的一般过去时的否定句和疑问句不用助动词
did
,直接用
was,
were
提问(放在主语前面)构成疑问句,在
be
动词后加
not
构成否定句
: was not / wasn

t were not / weren

t


回答也一样。


Was he at home last night?
Yes, he was. / No, he wasn

t.


Were you in Class 1, Grade 3 last year? Yes, I was , / No, I wasn

t.

二、过去进行时

(一)

过去进行时时态


1

表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。

常用的时间状语有:
this morning

the whole morning

all day

from nine to ten

this time yesterday

at that time, at six o

clock last night, from six to ten

What were you doing at 9 last night?
你昨晚九点在干什么
?

When he came in

we were talking about the problem


当他进来的时候,我们正在讨论这个问题。


My father was working in the study the whole morning



我父亲整个早上都在书房工作。


2
)与一般过去时连用

过去进行时常与一般过去时连用。
when
引导的从句表示一个短暂的时间点,谓语用一般过
去时,表示某个时间点,某人正在 做什么事;例句





while
引导的句子 表示一段持续的时间,
谓语用过去进行时,
表示某个时间点,
某人同时在
做什 么事,例句






When I got to the top of the mountain

the sun was shining


当我到达山顶的时候,太阳正在高照。


Was she having a shower when you left home?
你离家的时候她是不是在洗澡
?

While I was waiting for you

I saw a car accident


我在等你的时候,看见了一场车祸。


Laura was making coffee while Peter was washing his car in the garage


劳拉在烧咖啡而彼得在车库洗车。

另外
when
引导的从句放在主句后面时,常常表示“正好此时”


“突然”

的意思。

I was doing my homework when it began to rain.
三、过去进行时与一般过去时比较

过去进行时表示在过去某个特定时间内正在进行的动作,
强调动作的持续性;

一般过去时表示过去曾经发生过某事,
是个单纯的过去事件,一个结束了动作。


My brother was downloading some music yesterday afternoon.
我弟弟昨天下午在下载一些音乐。
(昨天下午一直在下载,可能仍没结束)

My brother downloaded some music yesterday afternoon.
我弟弟昨天下午下载了一些音乐。
(已下载完了)


The football players were walking out of the rest room when I arrived.
当我到达的时候,足球运动员正从休息室里走出来。
(强调动作当时正在持续)

The football players walked out of the rest room when I arrived.

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