英语一般过去时和过去进行时
余年寄山水
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2021年02月02日 04:23
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-困
一、一般过去时
(一)一般过去时时态
(
1
)
主要用来表示过去某一时间发生的(和现在没有联系的)动作或所处的状态,常有一
个表示明确 的过去的时间状语
,如:
the day before yesterday, yesterday, last week, three days
ago, just now, at that time , in 1999
等;
或跟由
while/ when
等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句;
或有上下文暗示动作发生的时间是在过去
①
They were in Paris three years ago.
三年前他们在巴黎
②
When I was at college, I spoke three foreign languages.
上大学的时候,我讲三门外语。
③
——
Have you seen a pen? I left here this morning,
你看见一支笔了吗?今天早上我这的。
——
Is it a black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
是黑色的吗?我想我在什么地方见到过。
(
2
)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
①
He always got up late on Sundays.
周日他总是很晚才起床。
(
3
)表示客气,与过去式无关,一般用在情态动词中
①
Would/Could you please give me a hand
?
你能帮我一下吗?
(二)谓语构成
一般过 去时的谓语不管主语的人称和单复数都用动词的过去式表示,
动词的过去式有规则
与不规则两种 。规则动词的过去式在动词原形后加
-ed,
不规则动词的过去式要逐个记忆。
规则动词的过去式变化方式如下:
情况
一般情况
变化规则
在动词原形后
加
-ed
例词
start
→
started work
→
worked
enjoy
→
enjoyed
finish
→
finished
phone
→
phoned live
→
lived
move
→
moved hope
→
hoped
cry
→
cried carry
→
carried
try
→
tried
study
→
studied
以不发音的
e
结尾的词
在动词后加
-d
以辅音字母
+y
变
y
为
i
,
结尾的词
再加
-ed
以辅音字母结
双
写
该
辅
音
字
plan
→
planned
stop
→
尾的重读闭音
母,再加
-ed
stopped
节词
不规则动词的过去式
(举例)
begin
→
began go
→
went see
→
saw do
→
did get
→
got come
→
came
leave
→
left am
→
was are
→
were give
→
gave have
→
had think
→
thought
(三)一般过去时的否定式和疑问式
(
1
)实义动词的一般过去时的否定式和疑问式要用助动词
did
帮助构成 。疑问句的简单回
答也要用助动词。
(
Yes, I did. / No, I didn
’
t
)
否定句构成:
主语
+ did not (didn
’
t) +
动词原形„
例如:
I
didn
’
t
see your sister last Sunday.
我上星期天没看见你的姐姐。
He
did not
go to the cinema yesterday.
我昨天没有去看电影
.
疑问句构成:
Did +
主语
+
动词原形
„
?
①—
Did you enjoy the film?
你喜欢这部电影吗?
---
Yes, I did. / No, I didn
’
t.
是的,我喜欢。
/
不,我不喜欢。
②
--- Did she go back before noon?
她是中午前回来的吗?
---
Yes, she did. / No, she didn
’
t.
是的,她是的。
/
不,她不是。
(
2
)动词
be (was, were)
的一般过去时的否定句和疑问句不用助动词
did
,直接用
was,
were
提问(放在主语前面)构成疑问句,在
be
动词后加
not
构成否定句
: was not / wasn
’
t were not / weren
’
t
。
回答也一样。
①
Was he at home last night?
Yes, he was. / No, he wasn
’
t.
②
Were you in Class 1, Grade 3 last year? Yes, I was , / No, I wasn
’
t.
二、过去进行时
(一)
过去进行时时态
(
1
)
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
常用的时间状语有:
this morning
,
the whole morning
,
all day
,
from nine to ten
,
this time yesterday
,
at that time, at six o
’
clock last night, from six to ten
①
What were you doing at 9 last night?
你昨晚九点在干什么
?
②
When he came in
,
we were talking about the problem
.
当他进来的时候,我们正在讨论这个问题。
③
My father was working in the study the whole morning
.
我父亲整个早上都在书房工作。
(
2
)与一般过去时连用
过去进行时常与一般过去时连用。
when
引导的从句表示一个短暂的时间点,谓语用一般过
去时,表示某个时间点,某人正在 做什么事;例句
①
②
while
引导的句子 表示一段持续的时间,
谓语用过去进行时,
表示某个时间点,
某人同时在
做什 么事,例句
③
④
①
When I got to the top of the mountain
,
the sun was shining
.
当我到达山顶的时候,太阳正在高照。
②
Was she having a shower when you left home?
你离家的时候她是不是在洗澡
?
③
While I was waiting for you
,
I saw a car accident
.
我在等你的时候,看见了一场车祸。
④
Laura was making coffee while Peter was washing his car in the garage
.
劳拉在烧咖啡而彼得在车库洗车。
另外
when
引导的从句放在主句后面时,常常表示“正好此时”
,
“突然”
的意思。
I was doing my homework when it began to rain.
三、过去进行时与一般过去时比较
过去进行时表示在过去某个特定时间内正在进行的动作,
强调动作的持续性;
一般过去时表示过去曾经发生过某事,
是个单纯的过去事件,一个结束了动作。
①
My brother was downloading some music yesterday afternoon.
我弟弟昨天下午在下载一些音乐。
(昨天下午一直在下载,可能仍没结束)
My brother downloaded some music yesterday afternoon.
我弟弟昨天下午下载了一些音乐。
(已下载完了)
②
The football players were walking out of the rest room when I arrived.
当我到达的时候,足球运动员正从休息室里走出来。
(强调动作当时正在持续)
The football players walked out of the rest room when I arrived.