直接引语变间接引语的用法

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2021年02月02日 10:15
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2021年2月2日发(作者:王苏菁)
直接引语变间接引语的用法


一、如何变人称
;

下面有一句顺口溜

一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新


一随主

是指在直接
引语变间接引语时,
如果从句中的主语是第一人称或 被第一人称所修饰。
从句中
的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:

She said.
with her.


二随宾

是指直接引 语变间接引语时,
若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。

被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的
主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称, 如:

He said to Kate.
then



第三人称不更新

是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是 第
三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:

Mr. Smith said:


worker


二、如何变时态:

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的
时态。如:

1) She said.

2) She said.

3) She said.


go to see his
friend


但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。


told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves
around the earth


②直接引语是
过去进行时
,时态不变。如:

Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack
asked John where he was going when he met him in the street


③直接引语中有
具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语
,变为间接引语时,时
态不变。如:

Xiao Wang said.


e was born
on April 20, 1980


④直接引语如果是
一般现在时
。 表示
一种反复出现或习惯性的动作
,变间接
引语,时态不变。如:

He said,


morning


⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词
没有过去时
的形式(例:
ought to


had better,
used to)
和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:
could, should, would, might
)不再变。
如:

Peter said.


that day


三、如何变状语:
直接引语变间接引语,
状语变化有其内在规则,
时间状语由

现在

改为

原来

(例:
now
变为
th en, yesterday
变为

the day before
)地点状 语,尤其表示方向性
的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由



改为< br>“


(例:
this
改为
that),
如:

He said,
s are mine.

四、如何变句型:

①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为 由
that
引导的宾语从句。如:
She
said,
five minutes.

②直接引语如果是
反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句
,间接引语
应改为

whether

if
引导的宾语从句
.
如:
He said,
an you swim, John?
John if he could swim.


asked me whether I had finished the homework.


or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由 疑问代词或疑问副词引导
的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用
陈述句语序
)。

She asked me,
their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句,
间接引语应改为


) sb.(not) to do
sth.
句型。如:



to the children. →She told (ordered) the children
not to make any noise.


tea.

⑤直接引语如 果是以
“Let‘s”
开头的祈使句,
变为间接引语时,
通常用
“s uggest +
动句词(或从句)。

如:

He said,
ggested going to the film.

He suggested
that they should go to see the film.

引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如:

John said,

约翰说:

我要和父亲到伦敦去。

(引号内是直接引语)

John said that he was going to London with his father.

约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)

由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:

1
、直接引语是陈述句时

间接引语为
that
引导的宾语从句(口语中
that
可以省略), 主句的引述动词
主要有
say ,tell, repeat, explain, think
等。

He said,

2
、直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词
say
改为
ask,
或改为
wonder, do not
know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled
等。


1


一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为
if (whether)
引导的宾语从句。

She said,
→She asked me if (

whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me,
the film, haven’t you?

→She asked me whether(

if )I had seen the film.

2


选择疑问句变为
whether….or
宾语从句。

I asked him,
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

(3)
特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

He asked,

3
、直接引语是祈使句时

间接引语为不定式,作
ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise
等动词的宾语补足语

don’t
变为
not

.
The teacher said to the boy,
open the window.
His father said
to him, “Don’t leave the door open.” →His father told him not to
leave the door open.
[
注意
]

1


有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用
suggest ,insist

动词

加以转述。例如:

He said,

→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.

He suggested that we(should) go to
the theatre.
(2)
→He asked me to open the window.



→he advised me to take a walk after supper.

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