直接引语变间接引语的用法
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2021年02月02日 10:15
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直接引语变间接引语的用法
一、如何变人称
;
下面有一句顺口溜
“
一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新
”
。
“一随主
”
是指在直接
引语变间接引语时,
如果从句中的主语是第一人称或 被第一人称所修饰。
从句中
的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:
She said.
with her.
“
二随宾
”
是指直接引 语变间接引语时,
若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或
被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的
主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称, 如:
He said to Kate.
then
。
“
第三人称不更新
”
是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是 第
三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:
Mr. Smith said:
。
worker
。
二、如何变时态:
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的
时态。如:
1) She said.
2) She said.
3) She said.
。
go to see his
friend
。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves
around the earth
。
②直接引语是
过去进行时
,时态不变。如:
Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack
asked John where he was going when he met him in the street
。
③直接引语中有
具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语
,变为间接引语时,时
态不变。如:
Xiao Wang said.
。
e was born
on April 20, 1980
。
④直接引语如果是
一般现在时
。 表示
一种反复出现或习惯性的动作
,变间接
引语,时态不变。如:
He said,
。
morning
。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词
没有过去时
的形式(例:
ought to
,
had better,
used to)
和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:
could, should, would, might
)不再变。
如:
Peter said.
。
that day
。
三、如何变状语:
直接引语变间接引语,
状语变化有其内在规则,
时间状语由
“
现在
”
改为
“
原来
”
(例:
now
变为
th en, yesterday
变为
the day before
)地点状 语,尤其表示方向性
的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由
“
此
”
改为< br>“
彼
”
(例:
this
改为
that),
如:
He said,
s are mine.
四、如何变句型:
①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为 由
that
引导的宾语从句。如:
She
said,
five minutes.
②直接引语如果是
反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句
,间接引语
应改为
由
whether
或
if
引导的宾语从句
.
如:
He said,
an you swim, John?
John if he could swim.
asked me whether I had finished the homework.
or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由 疑问代词或疑问副词引导
的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用
陈述句语序
)。
She asked me,
their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句,
间接引语应改为
等
) sb.(not) to do
sth.
句型。如:
to the children. →She told (ordered) the children
not to make any noise.
tea.
⑤直接引语如 果是以
“Let‘s”
开头的祈使句,
变为间接引语时,
通常用
“s uggest +
动句词(或从句)。
”
如:
He said,
ggested going to the film.
或
He suggested
that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如:
John said,
约翰说:
我要和父亲到伦敦去。
(引号内是直接引语)
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)
由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:
1
、直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为
that
引导的宾语从句(口语中
that
可以省略), 主句的引述动词
主要有
say ,tell, repeat, explain, think
等。
He said,
2
、直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词
say
改为
ask,
或改为
wonder, do not
know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled
等。
(
1
)
一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为
if (whether)
引导的宾语从句。
She said,
→She asked me if (
或
whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me,
the film, haven’t you?
→She asked me whether(
或
if )I had seen the film.
(
2
)
选择疑问句变为
whether….or
宾语从句。
I asked him,
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)
特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked,
3
、直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式,作
ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise
等动词的宾语补足语
(
don’t
变为
not
)
.
The teacher said to the boy,
open the window.
His father said
to him, “Don’t leave the door open.” →His father told him not to
leave the door open.
[
注意
]
(
1
)
有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用
suggest ,insist
等
动词
加以转述。例如:
He said,
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.
或
He suggested that we(should) go to
the theatre.
(2)
→He asked me to open the window.
→he advised me to take a walk after supper.