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2021年2月2日发(作者：蝴蝶花仙子)










直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）

一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。





直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，





间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。





直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。




He said,
“ I’m a student.”
（直接引语

）



→
He said

that he was a student.

（间接引语）





主句








从句
























主句







从句

二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，

其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意
人称、时态、
时间状语
，连接词，语序
的 变化
.

（一）人称的变化规则
：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。



一随主



二随宾

引号内的第一人

称变间引后与主
句主语的人称保

持一致

引号内的第二人称变间引后与
主

句宾语的人称保

持一致

He says,
”
I
like math very much .




→
He says that
he
likes math very
much .
He said to Lily,
“
you must get up
early
”

→
He told Lily that she must get u
p early
She said to me ,
“
They want to he
lp him
”

→
She told me that they wanted h
elp him


三不用变

引号内的第三人

称在变间引后去
人

称不变



★（二）
．时态变化


宾语从句时态变化规则：
主现从不 限；主过从四过
（即
4
种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；
过去完成时）
；

客观真理，只用一般现在时。

1.
主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。

2.
主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。
即一般现在时改成

一般过去时；现在进行时改成

过去进行时；

一般将来
时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。

3.
主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。



Teacher told us:

Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
主句的时态

一般现在时


He says


一般过去时


He said

从句的时态

所需的任何时态


直接引语

间接引语











例句




He says,
”

he likes math very much .








→
He says that he likes math very much














一般现在时

一般过去时

He said, “
he is
a student.”
→
He said that he was
a student
现在进行时

过去进行时

He
said,
“
he
is
reading.
”→
He
said
that
he
was
reading
一般将来时

过去将来时

He said,
“
he will go home
”→
He said that he would
go home
一般过去时

过去完成时

He said
，
“
he went home
”
→
He said that he had gone
home
现在完成时

过去完成时

He said
，
“
he has gone home
”→
He said that he had
gone home
过去完成时

过去完成时

He said
，
“
he had gone home
”→
He said that he had
gone home















(
三
)
．时间状语变化


指示代词





时间状语

直接引语

this
these
now
today
tonight
this week
yesterday
last week
three days ago
tomorrow
next week
间接引语

that
those
then
that day
that night
that week
the day before
the week before
three days before
the next day/ the following
day
the next week/ the following
week
there
go
take





地点状语

动词

here
come
bring

★
(
四
)
．
连接词

1
． 从句为陈述句，常选择连接词
that
或将
that
省略，直接与主句相连。

2
．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词
if
或
w hether
。

3
．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择
what ,when,where,which,who,how
等的疑问代、副词作连接词。


注意：当
who
为主语时，句式为：
who+
谓语+
其他


直接引语




连接词










例句

注意事项










陈述句



that
（常省略）


He
said
to
me,
“
you
can
help
her.”

→
He said to me (
that
) I could help
her..
1.

连接词：
that
2.
引述动词
said,
said
to
sb
told sb,
等



一般疑问句

if
/
whether
“是
.
否”

He
asked
her
,
“
Do
you
love
1.
改为“陈述语序”。

me?”

2.
引述动词
asked
→
He
asked
her

whether

she
3.
去掉
Do, Does, Did
loved him.
改变
Are, Is, Will, Can
位

置

1.
改为“陈述语序”

2.
去掉
Do, Does, Did
改变
Are, Is, Will, Can
位
置


特殊疑问词：


He
asked
hi
s
wife,
“How
are

what, who,
you?”

特殊疑问句

why,how,

→
He asked his wife
how
she was.
which,whe
He
asked
me,
“
What
color
do
n

you like?”

→
He asked me
what color
I liked.


祈使句

肯
ask (tell) sb.
He
shouted,
“
Lily,
Close
the
1.
不用连接词

定

to do sth

door.”

2.
不改变时态。

→
He
told
Lily to close the door.
3.
无须考虑语序

否
ask (tell) sb.
He said to me, “Don’t be late.”


定

not
to
do
→
He
asked
me not to be late.
sth.







注意：

1.
语序不变的有：
What
’
the matter with you?

What
’
s wrong with you?




但
What
’
s the trouble with you?
的语序要变
















1
）从句中有
or / or not
。例：
she asks

whether

he stayed
。

2.
只用

whether

2
）与不定式
to do
连用。例：
I can
’
t decide whether to tell him the news
















3)
在介词后。例：
they are talking about whether they can afford the new house



用法是有区别 的，但当
if/whether
同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选
whether

★
3.
宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词
+
主语+
谓语
+
其它。



























或


连接词（此时连接词充当主语）
+
谓语
+
其它
。






陈述语序中：

be
动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。

例：
1
）
can you tell me where is the hospital (
错）








can you tell me where the hospital is.(
对）









2
）
I don
’
t know whether does he speak Chinese (
错）




I don
’
t know whether he speaks Chinese (
对）








3
）
I am not sure what can he do (
错）




I am not sure what he can do (
对）


中考考点：时态、语序、连接词
























练习题
一、填空，每空一词：

1.
“I am having supper,” he said
.



He said that ______


_______ having supper.
2.
“I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.



Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.

3.
“I went home with my sister,” she said.



She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.

e teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”



The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.
5.
“I met her yesterday,” he said to me.



He told me that he _______ met her the day _______.
6.
“You must come here before five,” he said.




He said that I _______ to go _______ before five.
7.
“I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.



She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______.
8.
“Did you read the book last week?” he said.




He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______.

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