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2021年2月2日发(作者：河北任丘)




直
接
引
语
变
间
接
引
[
超
级
经
典
归
纳
]

语

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）

一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。


直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，


间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。


直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。

He said,
“ I’m a student.”
（直接引语

）

→
He said that he was a student.
（间接引语）


主句

从句

主句

从句

二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，

其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意
人称、时态、
时间状语
，连接词，语序
的 变化
.

（一）人称的变化规则
：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。



一随主

引号内的第一人

称变间引后
He says,
”
I
like math very much .
与主句主语的人称保

持一致

→
He says that
he
likes math very
much .

引号内的第二人称变间引后
He said to Lily,
“
you must get up ear

二随宾

与主

句宾语的人称保

持一致

ly
”

→
He told Lily that she must get up
early

引号内的第三人

称在变间引
She said to me ,
“
They want to help h

三不用变

后去人

称不变

im
”

→
She told me that they wanted hel
p him


★（二）
．时态变化


宾语从句时态变化规则：
主现从不 限；主过从四过
（即
4
种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行
时；过去将来时 ；过去完成时）；

客观真理，只用一般现在时。

1.
主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。

2.
主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。
即一般现在时改成

一般过去时；现在进行时改成

过去进行
时；

一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。

3.
主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。


Teacher told us:
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
主句的时
态

一般现在
时

He says


一般过去
时

He said

从句的时态

所需的任何时态


例句

He says,
”

he likes math very much .
→
He says that he likes math very much

He said, “
he is
a student.”
→
He said that he was a
student
He said,
“
he is reading.
”
→
He said that he was reading
He said,
“
he will go home
”
→
He said that he would go
home
He said
，“
he went home
”→
He said that he had gone
home
He said
，“
he has gone home
”→
He said that he had
gone home
He said
，“
he had gone home
”→
He said that he had
gone home




















(
三
)
．时间
状语变化


指示代词





时间状语

直接引语

this
these
now
today
tonight
this week
yesterday
last week
three days ago
tomorrow
next week
here
come
bring
间接引语

that
those
then
that day
that night
that week
the day before
the week before
three days before
the next day/ the following day
the next week/ the following
week
there
go
take

直接引
语

一般现在
时

现在进行
时

一般将来
时

一般过去
时

现在完成
时

过去完成
时

间接引语

一般过去
时

过去进行
时

过去将来
时

过去完成
时

过去完成
时

过去完成
时

地点状语

动词


★
(
四
)
．
连接词

1
． 从句为陈述句，常选择连接词
that
或将
that
省略，直接与主句相连。

2
．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词
if
或
w hether
。

3
．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择
what ,when,where,which,who,how
等的疑问代、副词作连接词。


注意：当
who
为主语时，句式为：
who+
谓语+
其他


直接引语



陈述句


连接词


例句

注意事项


一般疑问
句



特殊疑问
句


肯

定

祈使句

否
定

that

He said to me, “ you can help her.”

1.

连接词：
that
（常省略）

→
He said to me (
that
) I could help
2.
引述动词
said, said to
her..
sb
told sb,
等


He asked her
, “ Do you love me?”

1.
改为
“
陈述语序
”
。

if /
→
He asked her
whether
she loved
2.
引述动词
asked
whether
.
him.
3.
去掉
Do, Does, Did

“是否”

改变
Are, Is, Will, Can
位置

特殊疑问

He asked his wife, “How are you?”

1.
改为
“
陈述语序
”

→
He asked his wife
how
she was.
2.
去掉
Do, Does, Did
词：

what, who,
He asked me,
“ What color do you
改变
Are, Is, Will, Can
why,how,
like?”

位置

→
He asked me
what color
I liked.
which,when

ask (tell)
He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”

1.
不用连接词

sb. to do
→
He
told
Lily to close the door.
2.
不改变时态。

sth

3.
无须考虑语序

ask (tell)
He said to me, “Don’t be late.”


sb. not to
→
He
asked
me not to be late.
do sth.






注意：

1.
语序不变的有：
What
’
the matter with you? What
’
s wrong with you?

但
What
’
s the trouble with you?
的语序要变

1
）从句中有
or / or not
。例：
she asks whether he stayed
。

2.
只用
whether 2
）与不定式
to do
连用。例：
I can
’
t decide whether to tell him the news
3)
在介词后。例：
they are talking about whether they can afford the new house

用法是有区别的，但当
if/whether
同时出现在 选项中的时候，我们要选
whether

★
3.
宾语从句语序： 陈语述序，即：连接词
+
主语
+
谓语
+
其它。

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