语法大全直接引语变间接引语用法

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2021年02月02日 10:22
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2021年2月2日发(作者:横看成岭侧成峰全诗)
直接引语变间接引语的用法

一、如何变人称
;

下面有一 句顺口溜“一随主。
二随宾,
第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语
变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照
主句中主语的人 称变化如:

She said.
go with her.

“ 二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,
若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二
人 你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称 ,如:

He said to Kate.
then


“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称
或被第 三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:

Mr.
Smith
said:

is
a
good
worker

Smith
said
Jack
was
a
good
worker。

二、如何变时态:

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如:

1) She said.

2) She said.

3) She said.

friend


但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。


earth
moves
around
the
sun
and
the
moon
moves
around
the
earth,
the
teacher
told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves arou
nd the sun and the moon moves
around the earth


②直接引语是
过去进行时
,时态不变。如:

Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack
asked John where he was going when he met him in the street


③直接引语中有
具体的过去某年、
某月、
某日作状语

变为间接引语时,
时 态不变。
如:

Xiao Wang said.

on April 20, 1980


④直接引语如果是
一般现在时

表示
一种反复出现或习惯性的动作

变间接引语,
时态
不变 。如:

He said,

morning


⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词
没有过去时
的形式
(例:
ought
to

had
better,
used
to)
和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:
could, should, would, might
)不再变。如:

Peter
said.

had
better
come
have
today

→Peter
said
I
had
better
go
there
that day


三、如何变状语:

直接引语变间接引语,
状语变化有其内在规则,
时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”
(例:
now
变为
then, yesterday
变为
the day before
)地点状语,尤其表示方向 性的,或用指
示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:
this
改为
that),
如:

He said,

四、如何变句型:

①直接引语如果是陈述句,
间接引语应改为由
t hat
引导的宾语从句。
如:
She
said,

bus will arrive in five minutes.
n five
minutes.

②直接引语如果是
反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句
,间接引语
应改为由
whether

if
引导的宾语从句
.
如:He
said,

you
swim,
John?
→He
asked
John
if
he
could
swim.


asked me whether I had finished the homework.


Do you go to school by bus or by bike?
bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句,
间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引 导的宾语从句
(宾语从句必须用
陈述句语序
)。

She asked me,
their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为

order,
beg

)
sb.(not)
to
do
sth.
句型。如:


children not to make any noise.


of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +
动句词(或从句)。”如:

He said,
He
suggested that they should go to see the film.

引述别人的话有两种方式:
一是使用引号引出人家的原话,
这叫 做直接引语;
一是用自
己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如:
?
John said,
with my father.

约翰说:

我要和父亲到伦敦去。

(引号内是直接引语)

John said that he was going to London with his father.

约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)

由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:

1
、直接引语是陈述句时

间接引语为
that
引导的宾语从句(口语中
that
可以省略), 主句的引述动词主要有
say ,tell, repeat, explain, think
等。

He said,
r than I.” He said (that) I was younger than him.

2
、直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序:
主句的谓语动词
say
改为
ask,
或改为
wonder,
do
not
know,
want
to know, be not sure, be puzzled
等。


1


一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为
if (whether)
引导的宾语从句。

She said,

→She asked
me if (

whether)I often went there to read newspapers.

She asked me,

→She asked me whether(或
if )I had seen the film.


2


选择疑问句变为
whether….or 宾语从句。

I asked him,

→I asked
him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

(3)
特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

He asked,

3
、直接引语是祈使句时

间接引语为不定式,作
ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise
等动词的宾语补足语
(don’t 变为
not

.

The teacher said to the b
oy,
open the window.

His father said to him, “Don’t leave the door open.” →His father told him
not to leave the door open.

[
注意
]


1


有些表示建议、
提议、
劝告或要求的祈使句,
可以用
suggest
,insist
等动词


以转述。例如:

He said,
theatre.

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