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2021年2月2日发(作者：刘迎)
语法

直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、
宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

1.
直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词
that
引导。

例如：
She said,
→
She said that she was very happy to help you.
2.
直接引语是一般
/
选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词
whether
或
if
引导。

例如：
He asked me,
→
He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
注意：大多数情况下，
if
和
whether
可以互换，但后有
or not,
或在动
词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词 时，一般只用
whether
。

例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
3.
直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词
who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where
等引导。例如：

My sister asked me,
→
My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4.
直接引语是祈使句，
变成间 接引语时，
把动词原形变成动词不定式，
并在动词不定式前加
tell, ask, order
等的宾语。

例如：
The captain ordered,
→
The captain ordered us to be quiet.

注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加
not
。

My teacher asked me,
→
My teacher asked me not to laugh.
5.
一些注意事项

(1)
间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。

例如：
He asked Lucy,
→
He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said,
→
Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
(2)
直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。

例如：
They told their son,
→
They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
(3)
直接引语变间接引语时，

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作
相应的变化。例如：
He said,
(4)
→
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指
示 代词、时间状语、地点状语等。

一般现在时

一般过去时

现在进行时

过去进行时

现在完成时

过去完成时

一般过去时

过去完成时

过去完成时

过去完成时

一般将来时

过去将来时

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的变化

（一）指示代词的变化

this that these those
（二）时间状语的变化

now then



















ago before / earlier
today that day















yesterday the day before
this morning/afternoon, etc.










that morning/afternoon, etc.
tomorrow


























the following/next day
the day after tomorrow














in two
days’
time
the day before yesterday













two days before / earlier
next week/month, etc.
















the next week/month, etc.
last week/month

















the week /month before



巩固练习
：将下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语

said to
me,“I
have left my book in your
room.”

2.“Are
you going to learn
English?”asked
Jack.
3.“Don’t

move!”the
policeman said to the man.
4.“When
did you go to bed last
night?”Father
said to Anne.
geography teacher said,
“Sound
travels much slower than
light.”

1. He said to me,
“I
wrote a letter to my parents last
week.”

He _________ me that _______ ____ ______ a letter to ________ paren
ts________ ________ ________.
2.
“The
sun rises in the east and sets in the
west,”
mother said to her daug
hter.
Mother __________ her daughter that the sun________ up the east and
_________ in the west.
3.
“Don’t
be late again,
Jim,”
said the teacher.
The teacher_______ _______ ________ ________ be late again.
4.
“Have
you seen the film Harry
Potter?”
he asked.
He asked me ________ ________ ________ ________ the film Harry P
otter. 5. Mr Wang asked the students how they could improve t
heir spoken English.

“________
________ ________ improve ________ spoken
English?”

Mr Wang said to the students.

se
( )1. What _____ you _____ over the weekend?
A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do D. w
ere,; doing
( )2. Xiao Li usually _____ to school by bike last year.
A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going
( )3. What _____ in our town 100 years from now?
A. happened B. is happened C. has happened D. will happe
n
( )4. Mr. Smith _____ to see you in an hour.
A. came B. has come C. will come D. co
mes
( )5. _____ you _____ from your parents recently?
A. Did; hear B. Have; heard C. Do; hear D. Wi
ll; hear
( )6. We _____ TV at home this time last night.
A. were watching B. watched C. have watched D. would wa
tch
( )7. We _____ over 1500 English words by the end of last month.

A. have learned B. had learned C. will learn D. learnt
( )8. She _____ in Shanghai for ten years since 1992.
A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will live
( )9. She _____ in Shanghai for ten years.
A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will l
ive
( )10. We all know that the earth _____ round the sun.
A. goes B. went C. is going D. will go

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