英文中冠词的用法

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2021年02月06日 17:26
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2021年2月6日发(作者:使徒行者吧)


一、英文中的冠词




1.



英文中冠词共两类:定冠词“< /p>


the


”和不定冠词“


a



/



an

< br>”


,共三个。



2.



不定冠词的用法:



1


)用


a


还是


an


取决于后面单词的读音而非拼写。


a


用于辅音开头的 单词前,


an


用于元音


< p>
a/e/i/o/u


)开头的单词前。如:


a girl, an orange, a university, an SOS, a useful book, an honest


man, a one-hour trip, an hour


等。



2


)不定冠词


a/an


与数词


one


同源,可理解为汉语的“一”


,但不强调数目概念。不定 冠词


表示泛指,只能用于单数可数名词之前,泛指某一类人或物中的“任何一个”


。如:






His father is an English teacher./ James married a doctor./He worked as a taxi-driver./





I met an old friend of mine on my way here.


注意:以下情况要用


one

而不用


a/an




A.



句子后面有

another



other(s)


相呼应时,如:


They went from one shop to another./One girl


wanted to go out,but the others wanted to stay at home.


B.



在一些习惯用语或搭配中,如


one day, one morning, one afternoon, one evening, one night


(表过去或将来)



only one, just one


等。如:




One day I



ll take you to meet my family./He went out with Arthur to the University of California




one Thursday afternoon./We



ve got plenty of sausages, but only one egg./There



s just one thing




to be done.


C.


用在具体数字前。如:






How many are there? - Exactly one hundred and three.


3


)与时间或度量衡等名词连用,表示



“每一”


。如:






Take the medicine three times a day.





如果特 别强调“每一个”


,可用


per


代替< /p>


a/an


。如:


$$ 10 a/per person




4


)用在称呼(


Mr., Mrs., Miss


等)或具体人名前,含有“我不认识的某某人”的意思。如:

< br>





A Mr. Wang phoned and left a message for you.





A Jimmy is waiting for you downstairs.


3.



定冠词的用法



1

)定冠词


the


与指示代词


thi s, that, these, those


同源,但指示概念较弱。定冠词表示特指 ,


用于被短语或从句所限定的特指名词之前。如:






Tom sat down on the chair nearest the door./The woman whom you met at the meeting is my






sister



s colleague.


2


)用于因再次提及而成为特指的名词 前。如:






I bought a radio and a CD player, but the CD player did not work.


3


)在谈话双方都知道所指是什么时。如:






Can you turn off the light, please?


4


)用于单数可数名词前,表示整个类属(一类人或物)


。如:






The tiger is in danger of dying out./We should care the disabled.


5


) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。如:






Our


flat


is


on


the


second


floor


of


the


building./Could


you


tell


me


the


shortest


way


to


the


railway station?


(表示日期时,


书写序数词前可不写


the

< p>


如:


I



ll see you on May 26


th


.


(口语中要读成:


May


the 26


th


.




6


)用于表示时间顺序的名词前。如:


the beginning, the middle, the end, the first/last, the next,


the following day, the present, the past, the future




7

< br>)用于


same


前,如:


We are of the same age.


8


)用于指独一 无二的自然现象,或表示方位的名词前。如:






Which is farther from the Earth, the Sun or the Moon?/Japan lies to the east of China and in


the east of Asia.


(注意:


space

< p>



“太空”


“空间”讲 时,不用冠词


the


,如:


The universe exists in space.




9


)用于乐器名称前,如:


Can you play the piano?


10


)用于复数形 式的姓氏前,表示某家人或夫妇二人。如:


The Browns are watching TV.


11


)与某些性质的形容词或分词 连用,泛指一类人或事物,如:



the blind, the poor, the old


等;


the new, the good, the unexpected


等。



(注意:


A.


用作主语时,如指一类 人,谓语用复数;如指一类事物,是抽象概念,谓


语用单数。


如 :


The poor are often generous to each other./The unexpected has happened.B.


定 冠


词与一些表示国籍的形容词连用,特别是以字母


-ch, -sh, -ese


结尾的形容词,泛指某国人的


整体。如:< /p>


The English often drink beers in pubs./The Chinese invented printing.




12


)由普通名词和另外一些词共同构成的许多专有名词前,常用定冠词


th e


。如:


the United


Kingdom, the White House, the Royal Palace, the Great Wall, the State Council


等。



13

< p>
)在








< br>须









i n


the


morning/afternoon/even ing/night/daytime/summertime;


go


to


the


cinema/the atre/concert/opera


等。



14


)用在某些习惯表达的介词短语中,指身体或衣着的一部分。如:



I led the child by the hand./The policeman grasped the thief by the sleeve./He



s got a pain in


the chest.


注意:


hit , beat, strike, pat, touch, push, seize, grasp,kic k


等动作击到某人身体某一部位时,表


示身体某部位的名词前要 用定冠词,不用物主代词。涉及身体表面较硬或较突出的部位时,


通常用介词

< p>
on


;涉及身体表面较软或较空的部位时,通常用介词

in


。如下以


beat


为例:



beat sb. on the head/cheek/chin/nose/ear/shoulder/elbow/back;


beat sb. in the face/chest/side/eye/mouth/ribs/stomach.



但在口语中,动词后可以直接跟身体的部位名词。试比较:



I patted him on the back.


(书面语)



I patted his back.


(口语)




4.



不使用冠词的情况



1


)复数可数名词表示泛指或一般概念时,前面不用冠词。如:






The streets are clean and shadowed with trees./Local museums are closed on Mondays.


2


)物质名词和抽象名词前通常不用冠词。如:






Blood is thicker than water./Glass can be recycled from broken bottles./Life has changed a lot


in the last 20 years.


但是,当这类名词具体化时,可以和冠词连用。如:



There was a heavy rain last night./We have a deep love for our motherland.


3< /p>


)在表示日常饮食的名词前不用冠词。如:






Have you had breakfast?/Will you stay for tea with us?


但是,前面如有形容词或其他限定语来表示类别, 要用不定冠词。如:



We had a very nice lunch that day./I was invited to a dinner given to welcome Mr. Brown.


如果是特指或指具体的饮食,可用定冠词。如:


The breakfast was well cooked.


4


)球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。如:


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