英文中冠词的用法

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2021年02月06日 17:26
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一、英文中的冠词




1.



英文中冠词共两类:定冠词“< /p>


the


”和不定冠词“


a


”


/


“


an

< br>”


,共三个。



2.



不定冠词的用法:



1


)用


a


还是


an


取决于后面单词的读音而非拼写。


a


用于辅音开头的 单词前,


an


用于元音


(

< p>
a/e/i/o/u


)开头的单词前。如:


a girl, an orange, a university, an SOS, a useful book, an honest


man, a one-hour trip, an hour


等。



2


)不定冠词


a/an


与数词


one


同源,可理解为汉语的“一”


,但不强调数目概念。不定 冠词


表示泛指,只能用于单数可数名词之前,泛指某一类人或物中的“任何一个”


。如:






His father is an English teacher./ James married a doctor./He worked as a taxi-driver./





I met an old friend of mine on my way here.


注意:以下情况要用


one

而不用


a/an


:



A.



句子后面有

another


或


other(s)


相呼应时,如:


They went from one shop to another./One girl


wanted to go out,but the others wanted to stay at home.


B.



在一些习惯用语或搭配中,如


one day, one morning, one afternoon, one evening, one night


(表过去或将来)


,


only one, just one


等。如:




One day I


’


ll take you to meet my family./He went out with Arthur to the University of California




one Thursday afternoon./We


’


ve got plenty of sausages, but only one egg./There


’


s just one thing




to be done.


C.


用在具体数字前。如:






How many are there? - Exactly one hundred and three.


3


)与时间或度量衡等名词连用,表示



“每一”


。如:






Take the medicine three times a day.





如果特 别强调“每一个”


,可用


per


代替< /p>


a/an


。如:


$$ 10 a/per person


。



4


)用在称呼(


Mr., Mrs., Miss


等)或具体人名前,含有“我不认识的某某人”的意思。如:

< br>





A Mr. Wang phoned and left a message for you.





A Jimmy is waiting for you downstairs.


3.



定冠词的用法



1

)定冠词


the


与指示代词


thi s, that, these, those


同源,但指示概念较弱。定冠词表示特指 ,


用于被短语或从句所限定的特指名词之前。如:






Tom sat down on the chair nearest the door./The woman whom you met at the meeting is my






sister


’


s colleague.


2


)用于因再次提及而成为特指的名词 前。如:






I bought a radio and a CD player, but the CD player did not work.


3


)在谈话双方都知道所指是什么时。如:






Can you turn off the light, please?


4


)用于单数可数名词前,表示整个类属(一类人或物)


。如:






The tiger is in danger of dying out./We should care the disabled.


5


) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。如:






Our


flat


is


on


the


second


floor


of


the


building./Could


you


tell


me


the


shortest


way


to


the


railway station?


(表示日期时,


书写序数词前可不写


the

< p>
,


如:


I


’


ll see you on May 26


th


.


(口语中要读成:


May


the 26


th


.


)



6


)用于表示时间顺序的名词前。如:


the beginning, the middle, the end, the first/last, the next,


the following day, the present, the past, the future


。



7

< br>)用于


same


前,如:


We are of the same age.


8


)用于指独一 无二的自然现象,或表示方位的名词前。如:






Which is farther from the Earth, the Sun or the Moon?/Japan lies to the east of China and in


the east of Asia.


(注意:


space

< p>
作



“太空”


“空间”讲 时,不用冠词


the


,如:


The universe exists in space.


)



9


)用于乐器名称前,如:


Can you play the piano?


10


)用于复数形 式的姓氏前,表示某家人或夫妇二人。如:


The Browns are watching TV.


11


)与某些性质的形容词或分词 连用,泛指一类人或事物,如:



the blind, the poor, the old


等;


the new, the good, the unexpected


等。



(注意:


A.


用作主语时,如指一类 人,谓语用复数;如指一类事物,是抽象概念,谓


语用单数。


如 :


The poor are often generous to each other./The unexpected has happened.B.


定 冠


词与一些表示国籍的形容词连用,特别是以字母


-ch, -sh, -ese


结尾的形容词,泛指某国人的


整体。如:< /p>


The English often drink beers in pubs./The Chinese invented printing.


)



12


)由普通名词和另外一些词共同构成的许多专有名词前,常用定冠词


th e


。如:


the United


Kingdom, the White House, the Royal Palace, the Great Wall, the State Council


等。



13

< p>
)在


许


多


习


惯


用


语


中

< br>须


用


定


冠


词


,


如


:


i n


the


morning/afternoon/even ing/night/daytime/summertime;


go


to


the


cinema/the atre/concert/opera


等。



14


)用在某些习惯表达的介词短语中,指身体或衣着的一部分。如:



I led the child by the hand./The policeman grasped the thief by the sleeve./He


’


s got a pain in


the chest.


注意:


hit , beat, strike, pat, touch, push, seize, grasp,kic k


等动作击到某人身体某一部位时,表


示身体某部位的名词前要 用定冠词,不用物主代词。涉及身体表面较硬或较突出的部位时,


通常用介词

< p>
on


;涉及身体表面较软或较空的部位时,通常用介词

in


。如下以


beat


为例:



beat sb. on the head/cheek/chin/nose/ear/shoulder/elbow/back;


beat sb. in the face/chest/side/eye/mouth/ribs/stomach.



但在口语中,动词后可以直接跟身体的部位名词。试比较:



I patted him on the back.


(书面语)



I patted his back.


(口语)


。



4.



不使用冠词的情况



1


)复数可数名词表示泛指或一般概念时,前面不用冠词。如:






The streets are clean and shadowed with trees./Local museums are closed on Mondays.


2


)物质名词和抽象名词前通常不用冠词。如:






Blood is thicker than water./Glass can be recycled from broken bottles./Life has changed a lot


in the last 20 years.


但是,当这类名词具体化时,可以和冠词连用。如:



There was a heavy rain last night./We have a deep love for our motherland.


3< /p>


)在表示日常饮食的名词前不用冠词。如:






Have you had breakfast?/Will you stay for tea with us?


但是,前面如有形容词或其他限定语来表示类别, 要用不定冠词。如:



We had a very nice lunch that day./I was invited to a dinner given to welcome Mr. Brown.


如果是特指或指具体的饮食,可用定冠词。如:


The breakfast was well cooked.


4


)球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。如:


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