英文中冠词的用法
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一、英文中的冠词
1.
英文中冠词共两类:定冠词“<
/p>
the
”和不定冠词“
a
”
/
“
an
< br>”
,共三个。
2.
不定冠词的用法:
1
)用
a
还是
an
取决于后面单词的读音而非拼写。
a
用于辅音开头的
单词前,
an
用于元音
(
a/e/i/o/u
)开头的单词前。如:
a
girl, an orange, a university, an SOS, a useful
book, an honest
man, a one-hour trip,
an hour
等。
2
)不定冠词
a/an
与数词
one
同源,可理解为汉语的“一”
,但不强调数目概念。不定
冠词
表示泛指,只能用于单数可数名词之前,泛指某一类人或物中的“任何一个”
。如:
His father is an English
teacher./ James married a doctor./He worked as a
taxi-driver./
I met an old friend of mine on my way
here.
注意:以下情况要用
one
而不用
a/an
:
A.
句子后面有
another
或
other(s)
相呼应时,如:
They went from one shop to
another./One girl
wanted to go out,but
the others wanted to stay at home.
B.
在一些习惯用语或搭配中,如
one day, one
morning, one afternoon, one evening, one night
(表过去或将来)
,
only one,
just one
等。如:
One day I
’
ll take
you to meet my family./He went out with Arthur to
the University of California
one Thursday
afternoon./We
’
ve got plenty
of sausages, but only one
egg./There
’
s just one thing
to be done.
C.
用在具体数字前。如:
How
many are there? - Exactly one hundred and three.
3
)与时间或度量衡等名词连用,表示
“每一”
。如:
Take the medicine three times a day.
如果特
别强调“每一个”
,可用
per
代替<
/p>
a/an
。如:
$$ 10 a/per
person
。
4
)用在称呼(
Mr., Mrs.,
Miss
等)或具体人名前,含有“我不认识的某某人”的意思。如:
< br>
A Mr. Wang phoned and left a message
for you.
A Jimmy is waiting for you downstairs.
3.
定冠词的用法
1
)定冠词
the
与指示代词
thi
s, that, these, those
同源,但指示概念较弱。定冠词表示特指
,
用于被短语或从句所限定的特指名词之前。如:
Tom
sat down on the chair nearest the door./The woman
whom you met at the meeting is my
sister
’
s
colleague.
2
)用于因再次提及而成为特指的名词
前。如:
I bought a radio and a CD
player, but the CD player did not work.
3
)在谈话双方都知道所指是什么时。如:
Can
you turn off the light, please?
4
)用于单数可数名词前,表示整个类属(一类人或物)
。如:
The tiger is in danger of dying out./We
should care the disabled.
5
)
用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。如:
Our
flat
is
on
the
second
floor
of
the
building./Could
you
tell
me
the
shortest
way
to
the
railway station?
(表示日期时,
书写序数词前可不写
the
,
如:
I
’
ll see you on May 26
th
.
(口语中要读成:
May
the
26
th
.
)
6
)用于表示时间顺序的名词前。如:
the beginning, the middle, the end, the
first/last, the next,
the following
day, the present, the past, the
future
。
7
< br>)用于
same
前,如:
We
are of the same age.
8
)用于指独一
无二的自然现象,或表示方位的名词前。如:
Which is
farther from the Earth, the Sun or the Moon?/Japan
lies to the east of China and in
the
east of Asia.
(注意:
space
作
“太空”
“空间”讲
时,不用冠词
the
,如:
The
universe exists in space.
)
9
)用于乐器名称前,如:
Can
you play the piano?
10
)用于复数形
式的姓氏前,表示某家人或夫妇二人。如:
The Browns are
watching TV.
11
)与某些性质的形容词或分词
连用,泛指一类人或事物,如:
the blind,
the poor, the old
等;
the new,
the good, the unexpected
等。
(注意:
A.
用作主语时,如指一类
人,谓语用复数;如指一类事物,是抽象概念,谓
语用单数。
如
:
The poor are often generous to each
other./The unexpected has happened.B.
定
冠
词与一些表示国籍的形容词连用,特别是以字母
-ch,
-sh, -ese
结尾的形容词,泛指某国人的
整体。如:<
/p>
The English often drink beers in
pubs./The Chinese invented
printing.
)
12
)由普通名词和另外一些词共同构成的许多专有名词前,常用定冠词
th
e
。如:
the United
Kingdom, the White House, the Royal
Palace, the Great Wall, the State
Council
等。
13
)在
许
多
习
惯
用
语
中
< br>须
用
定
冠
词
,
如
:
i
n
the
morning/afternoon/even
ing/night/daytime/summertime;
go
to
the
cinema/the
atre/concert/opera
等。
14
)用在某些习惯表达的介词短语中,指身体或衣着的一部分。如:
I led the child by the
hand./The policeman grasped the thief by the
sleeve./He
’
s got a pain in
the chest.
注意:
hit
, beat, strike, pat, touch, push, seize, grasp,kic
k
等动作击到某人身体某一部位时,表
示身体某部位的名词前要
用定冠词,不用物主代词。涉及身体表面较硬或较突出的部位时,
通常用介词
on
;涉及身体表面较软或较空的部位时,通常用介词
in
。如下以
beat
为例:
p>
beat sb. on the
head/cheek/chin/nose/ear/shoulder/elbow/back;
beat sb. in the
face/chest/side/eye/mouth/ribs/stomach.
但在口语中,动词后可以直接跟身体的部位名词。试比较:
I patted him on the
back.
(书面语)
I
patted his
back.
(口语)
。
4.
不使用冠词的情况
1
)复数可数名词表示泛指或一般概念时,前面不用冠词。如:
The
streets are clean and shadowed with trees./Local
museums are closed on Mondays.
2
)物质名词和抽象名词前通常不用冠词。如:
Blood is
thicker than water./Glass can be recycled from
broken bottles./Life has changed a lot
in the last 20 years.
但是,当这类名词具体化时,可以和冠词连用。如:
There was a heavy rain last night./We
have a deep love for our motherland.
3<
/p>
)在表示日常饮食的名词前不用冠词。如:
Have you had breakfast?/Will you stay
for tea with us?
但是,前面如有形容词或其他限定语来表示类别,
要用不定冠词。如:
We had a very nice
lunch that day./I was invited to a dinner given to
welcome Mr. Brown.
如果是特指或指具体的饮食,可用定冠词。如:
The
breakfast was well cooked.
4
)球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。如: