陈述句疑问句祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习
-
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲解与练习
一、
陈述句
陈述句就是叙述一件事情后者表达一种看法的句子。
陈述句的分类
陈述句可以分为肯定式和否定式两种。
1.
肯定式
第一种：主语
+
谓语
< br>+
其他，如
Lucy
likes playing sports.
I am singing.
My father went to Beijing last week.
She can ride the bike.
第二种：主
语
+
系动词
+
表语，如：
This room is empty.
We are good friends .
2.
否定式
陈述句的否定式有以下三种：
第一种
就是
Be
动词加，后面
not
构成否定句。
如：
lisa is not a student
There were not at school yesterday.
第二种就是实义动词，而且没有情态动词或
助动时，要用“
do/dose/did
+not
构成否定。
如：
I
don’t
like music.
The farmer did not want to feed the
rabbit.
第三种：谓语动词为“助动词、情态动词
+<
/p>
实义动词”时，要用“助动词
/
情态动<
/p>
词
+not
”
构成否定。
如：
I am not going to play
computer games.
Harry must not go to
school at night.
We can not go hiking
with you this weekend.
二、
疑问句分为四种：
一般疑问句、
特殊疑问句
、
选择疑问句和反义疑问句。
1.
一般疑问句通常以
be ,have
,
助动词或情态动词开头，回答时用
Yes, No,
朗
读时要用升调。
2.
特殊疑问句是对句子某一部分的疑问句。
特殊疑问句的句式是：特殊疑问词
+
一般疑问句。疑问词有
who,
whom
,
whose , what, when, why , where ,how
等。
如：
who is our
classmate? What does
Kate do on
Sundays?
Whose cat is it ? which bag
will they buy? When did he go out ? Why
don
’
t we
go
together?
Where were you last night ?
How are you today?
3.
选择疑问句的结构是提供两种或两种以上的情况，
供对方进行选择回答的句<
/p>
子。
选择疑问句的句式是：一般疑问句
+or
+
可选择部分。如：
are
the
apples
red or
green ?
选择疑问句的特殊疑问句式是：
特殊疑问句<
/p>
+or+
可选择部分。
如：
which girl
is taller
,Sally or Jessica?
1
/
10
选择疑问句的回答和特殊疑问句一样，不能用
yes
或
no
，要根据实际情
况回答。朗读时，选择疑问句在
or
前面的部分要用升调，句末要读降调。
4.
反义疑问句的句式有两种，一种
是：肯定句陈述句
+
否定结构的反意疑问句
是在陈述句的后面，对陈述句所说的实施或看法提出疑问的句子。
附加疑问句。如：
you know
him ,don
’
t you ?
另一种是：
否定陈述句
+
肯定
结构的附加疑问句。如：
Sandy can
’
t speaking
English ,can he?
反义疑问句也要用
yes
或
No
来回答。如果陈述句部分的内容
是事实，就用
yes
回答，后面相应的用肯定结构；如果陈述
句部分的内容不是事实，就用
no
来回答，后面跟否定结构。在翻译时要注意
yes
和
no
的意思。
如：
you know him
,
don’t
you? Yes ,I do .
(
是，我认识。
)
No
，
I
don
’
t (
不，
我不认识
)
Sandy can
’
t speak
English ,can he ? Yes ,he can .
(
不，
他会。
)
No
，
he can
’
t.(
是
的，他不会。
)
在朗读时，陈述句部分用降调，附加疑问可以升也可以降。
三、祈使句
1.
什么是祈使句
用来表示请示、
命令、
劝告、
建议等的句子叫做祈使句。
如：
Sit down, please.
Be careful!
2.
祈使句的分类
根据用途和功能，祈使句可以分为以下几类
表请求。如：
Close the
window , please.
表命令。如
Stop talking!
表提醒或警告。如：
Look
out !The car is coming.
表邀请。如：
Help
yourself to some fish.
表示禁止。如：
Don
’
< br>t spit ! No parking!
四、感叹句的结构
小学阶段的感叹句主要有
how
和
what
引导两种。
感叹句的结构：
how +
形容词
/
副词
+
主语
+
谓语，
如：
how nice the boots
are!
感叹句的结构：
What
+a/an +
形容词
+
可数名词单数
+
主语
+
谓语
，如：
what a pretty girl she is !
< br>但是如果是可数名词复数或不可数名词，就可以去
掉句中的
a/an.
如：
What expensive pens these
are ! What pleasant weather it is!
巩固练习
基础题
(
)1.
Where is the man?
A. Under the tree
B. At 10:00
C. Read a book
D.
My mother
(
)2. How do you
go to school?
A. At 8:00
B. I
C. Today
D. By bike
2
/
10
(
)3. What’ he?
A.
Working
B.
His father
C. At home
D. A teacher.
(
)4. What time do you get up
every day?
A. At home
B. He
C.
Clean my bedroom
D. At 7:00
(
)5.
What _____ she do this morning?
A. is
B.
does
C. do
D. did
(
)6.
How ______ you do?
A. are
B. is
C. do
D. did
(
)7.
Which is better, the red one _____ the blue one?
A.
and
B. or
C. but
D. so
(
)8.
________ are you?
Wonderful!
A. How
B. What
C. Who
D. Where
(
)9. _________
is it today?
It’s Monday.
A. What date
B. What day
C. What time
D. What
language
(
)10. ________
shall we go?
In the moring.
A. When
B. Who
C.
Where
D. How
(
)11. Excuse me
,can you tell me
______ to
get to the No. 1 Middle School?
A.
where
B. which
C. why
D. how
(
)12.____ got the 100th gold metal in
the Olympics for China?
3
/
10
- Zhang Yining .
A. Who
B. What
C. When
D. Where
(
)13____ are you
talking about?
We are talking about the
Asia Games in Guangzhou.
A. What
B. Where
C. Why
D. How
(
)14.______ do you visit your uncle?
- once a week.
A. How long
B. How many
C. How often
D. How soon
(
) 15. Excuse me! ________ is the
nearest bookshop?
Go down the street
and turn left at the second corner?
A. how
B. what
C. where
D. who
(
) 16. ______ is
a ticker for the film Hacker He?
About forty yuan .
A. How old
B. How many
C. How much
D.
How often
(
) 17.
—
______ are you going?
—
I’m going to
the library.
A. Who
B. Which
C.
What
D. Where
(
)1
8. ______? It’s eight.
A. What day is
it
B.
What’s five and three
C. How old are you
D. What’s your telephone
number
(
)1
9. ______ shall we meet in the park?
What about half past eight?
A. What
B. When
C. Where
D.
Which
4
/
10
(
) 20. ______ a year does your school
have sports meetings?
Twice a year.
A.
How
often
B.
How
soon
C.
How
long
D.
How
many
times
提高题
(
)1. ______ are you going to be in the
future?
I want to be a person _____
Yang Liwei.
A. How, like
B.
How, as
C. What, like
(
)2.______ will your father be back? .
A. How long
B.
how often
C. How soon
(
)3.
----________sweater is this?
----
I think it’s
Peter’s.
A. Who
B. What
C.
Which
(
)4.
------_____is the Confucian
Temple(
孔庙
) from here?
------
It’s about 10
minuters’ walk.
A. How many
B. How long
C.
How much
(
)5.
-----______may I keep these book?
-----two weeks.
A. How often
B.
How far
C. How long
(
)6. ----______is it from here to
Yancheng Railway Station?
----About two
kilometers.
A. How often
B.
How far
C. How soon
5
/
10
D. What, as
D. How wide
D. Whose
D. How
far
D. How soon
D. How long