初中英语陈述句转换感叹句详解

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2021年02月10日 01:36
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2021年2月10日发(作者:仍然林徽因)


初中英语陈述句转换感叹句详解



一、如何快速掌握感叹句?



学会分析 五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键,


陈述句变感叹句实际上就是句


子成分位置的移动。




1 She is smiling sweetly.



How sweetly she is smiling!


(移动状语)



二、哪些句子成分可能会移动位置?



通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置,


一般说来含有形容词 的


名词短语、


形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。

< p>
位置可能会变动的句子成分:


宾语、


表语


和状语。




2 Mr Turner told us a funny story.



What a funny story Mr Turner told us!


(移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语)


< br>三、如何确定使用


what


还是使用

how




当我们做句型变换或选 择题时需要自己确定到底是用


what


还是用

< br>how


,一般可以这样来


确定:


位于主语之前的是名词短语时用


what


是形容词或副词短语时用


how



但这种格式


例外


: how + adj. + a/ an + N



3 What a cool bike you are riding!



a cool bike


名词短语)




4 How fast he is riding!



fast


副词)




5 How cool a bike you are riding!



how + adj. + a/ an +N




四、如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词?


< p>
名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词,以元音音素开头的词语之前用


an


,以辅音


音素开头的词语之前用


a





6 What beautiful sunshine it is today!



sunshine


不可数名词)




7 What a useful book this is!



useful


以辅音音素开头)




8 What an old house that is!



old


以元音音素开头)



五、感叹句有哪几种格式?



简单地说 是



两型七式



:两种句型是以


what


开头的句型和以

how


开头的句型,七种格式






what + a + adj. + N+ S +V




what + an + adj. +N +S +V





what + adj. + N


(不可数)



+ S +V




what + adj. + N


(可数名词复数形式)


+ S+V




how + adj.+ S +V




how + adv. + S + V




how + adj. + a/ an + N + S+V




What exciting news it is!



what + adj. + N


(可数名词复数形式)


+ S + V


结构)




9 What good teachers they are!



what + adj. + N


(可数名词复数形式)


+ S+V


结构)




10 How warmly they are discussing!



how + adv. + S + V


结构)




11 How beautiful a picture it is


!(


how + adj. + a/ an + N + S + V


结构)



六、以


what


开头的句型和以


how


开头的句型怎样进行转换?



这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的


:


1.


含有


“a/ an + adj. + N ”


结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和


how


搭配使用。



2.


名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作


“a/ an + adj. + N”


结构的中


心名词而用人称代词充 当主语。




12 What an expensive glass he broke!



How expensive a glass he broke!



13 How beautiful the birds are!



what beautiful birds they are!


(说明:


N


代表名词,未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式,


S


代表主语,


V


代表动词)



七、在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?



常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词


be





14 What a naughty boy!


(省略了


he is




八、有什么巧妙的办法记住这些规律吗?


以上的解释说明似乎很复杂,其实理清了思路、抓住了要领、掌握了规律并不是那么难的。

< br>为了便于同学们记忆我把以上规律编成了一段顺口溜,请同学们对照阅读。



陈述句述事实,感叹句表感情。



陈述变成感叹句,主谓系表先分清。



宾语状语移句首,表语亦须打头阵。



名词之前用


what


,形副之前


how


先行。



复数名词无冠词,事先分析莫轻心。



如果名词不可数,摒弃


a, an


不留情。



冠词


a, an


要分明,清音辅音是标准。



句子结构要完整,标点符号亦变更。



总结规律进步快,编个歌诀给你听。



巩固练习



一、选择题



1.____ delicious the dish is!


A. What



B. How




C. What a


2.____ strange clothes he is wearing!



A. What a




B. What





C. How a


3.____ an interesting subject it is!


A. What




B. How





C. What an


4.____ foggy it was yesterday!


A. What




B. What a




C. How


5.____ careless a boy you are!


A. How




B. What a




C. What


二、把下列的句子改为感叹句。(答案不唯一)



1.A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture.


B: ___________________________


2.A: Mr Wang is a busy man.


B: ___________________________


3.A: The cat is very happy.


B: ___________________________


4.A: The tractor is going very slowly.


B: ___________________________


5.A: He is very lucky.


B: ___________________________


6.A: It is a wet day today.


B: ___________________________


7.A: They started early.


B: ___________________________


8.A: They waited a long time.


B: ___________________________


9.A: He is wearing a large shirt.


B: ___________________________


10.A: The dolphin is playing happily.


B: ___________________________


KEY


一、


1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A


二、



a beautiful picture Jill is drawing!/ How beautiful a picture Jill is drawing!


a busy man Mr Wang is!/ How busy a man Mr Wang is !


happy the cat is!/ What a happy cat it is!


slowly the tractor is going!


lucky he is!


a wet day it is today!/ How wet a day it is today!


early they started!


a long time they waited!


a large shirt he is wearing!/ How large a shirt he is wearing!



happily the dolphin is playing!



初中英语语法: 英语介词口诀详解(


4



< p>
this



that


,< /p>


tomorrow



yesterday



next, last, one


接年、月、季、星期、周,


介词省略已习惯



例:一天



one day (


不说



on one day)


one summer


在一个夏天



one year


一年



last night


昨天夜里



last Friday


上个星期五



last month


上月



last year


去年



yesterday afternoon


昨天下午



tomorrow afternoon


明天下午



tomorrow evening


明天晚上



next month


下个月



next week


下周



next year


明年



next Saturday


下星期六



this morning


今天早晨



this year


今年



this Tuesday


本星期二



this Autumn


今年秋天



that morning


那天早上



that evening


那天晚上



无论前面介词



in



on


还是



at



通通可省略,


不能说



at last night, on last Friday, in last


month, in this year


这些都是不对的,须去掉介词。



over, under


正上下,


above, below


则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。



例:


There is a picture over the window.


窗户上面有一幅画。


(


正上方


)


The plane flew above the city.


飞机飞过城市上空。(高于城市并非正上方


)


A lamp was hanging over the table.


一盏灯是在方桌上方。


(


正上方


)


The moon was now above the trees in the east.


这时月亮已经在东边树林的上方。


(



正上方


)


Don't stand above the masses.

勿高踞于群众之上。


(


比喻一一非正上方

< br>)


The mountain is 700 feet above sea level.


这座山海拔


700


米。


(


非正上方


)


There is a small building below the hill.


山下有座小楼房。


(


非正 下方


)


There is a submarine under the water.


水下有艘潜水艇。


(


正下方


)


Water was found ten feet below the surface.


在地面下< /p>


10


英尺处找到了水。


(


非正


下方


)


The peasants are cooling themselves under the trees. < /p>


农民们正在树下乘凉。


(


正下

< p>


)


over under


正上下,低高



below




above



The temperature in the room is below (or under) 30



.


室温是摄氏


30< /p>


度以下。


(



量 词两者皆可


)


Do you have anything in the way of computers below (under) $$10000?

< p>
你们有哪


些价格低于


10000

< br>美元的计算机


?


(数量词两者皆可〕


beyond


超出、无、不能



例:


It's quite beyond me (It is more than I can understand).


这我完全不懂。



Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock.


不要在外呆到

< p>
10


点以后还不回家。



But the gratitude from the bottom of my heart to the students and my old


colleagues, has gone beyond my control.


发自肺腑的对学生们和我的老同事们的感


激之心使我毫不紧张, 毫不拘束;



Your work is beyond all praise, so good that it can't be praised enoug h.


你的成绩


是赞扬不尽的。



That is going beyond a joke, passes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.


那样开玩笑太过火了。



They were touched beyond words.


他们被感动得无法形容。


(



)


To do this was quite beyond all doubts.


办这事我无能为力。


(


超出


)


This is inevitable and beyond all doubts.


这是必然的,毫无疑义的。

< br>(



)


另外


, Beyond two cottages stood his house.


句子中的



beyond



< br>那边



的意思。



against


靠着,对与反




: In front of the wardrobe there are two upholstered armchairs arranged


against the


south wall near the door.


立柜前面是两把沙发椅,靠着南城门附近。(靠

< br>着)



She leaned wearily against the railings.


她疲惫地靠着栏杆站着。


(


靠着


)


A new president was elected by a majority of 274 votes against 110.


新总统以


274

票对


110


票的多数当选。



(



……)



besides, except


分内外,


among


之内



along


沿



例:


The design has many other advantages besides lower cost.


除费用低外,该设< /p>


计还有许多其他优点。


(


优点包括在内< /p>


)


He had no time to prepare his lecture, besides which he was unwell.

他没有时间


准备讲稿,而且他的身体也不大舒适。



Every one of us, except her, went to see the exhibition.


除她外,我们都去参观了


展览会。



He gets up early every day except Sunday.


除星期日外他每天早起。



Nobody was late except me.


除我以外,没人迟到。




同类比较



except


,加



for


异类记心间。



He's composition is good, except for some spelling mistakes.


他的这篇作文写得很


好,只是有几处拼写错误。


(


非同类比较用

< p>


except for)


She was all alone in the world except for an old aunt.


除了有一个老姑妈,她别无


亲人。



Anna felt disappointed when


she found out


they had gone


swimming without her.


(without




except)


当安娜发现除她外,他们都去游泳了,她感到很失望。



Lion Head Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.


除了那些古寺以外,


狮头山没什么可看的。



Among other things, we are interested in drawing.


我们对图画和别的一些东西很感


兴趣。


(among


之内即包括在内


)


原状



because of, owing to, due to


表语形容词



例:


Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.


由于我们


的共同努力,任务提前完成了。



注:


Owing to




because of


都做原因状语,而


due to


只能做表语形容词。所以此句。


owing to


的介词短语做原因状语。



All our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.


我们的一切


成绩都归功于党。


(due to


做表语形容词


)


Under


后接修、建中,


of



from


物化分



例:


The road is under repair now


.这条路正在修建中。



The now railway is still under construction.

新铁路尚在修筑中。


(


不能用



in)


under discussion


在讨论中


(


不能用



in) under considerate


在考虑中


(


不能用



in)


The desk is made of wood.


桌子 是木头做的。


(


物理变化用



of)


The wine is made from grape.


这种酒是用葡萄酿造的。


(

化学变化用



from)


The bridge is made of steel.


这座桥是钢制的。


(


物理变化


)


Steel is made from iron.


钢是由铁炼成的。


(


化学变化


)


before, after


表一点,


ago, later


表示一段





before, after


常表示一个点的时间状语,而



ago



later


常表示一段的时间状语。



例如:前天



the day before yesterday;


前年



the year before last;


大上星期



the


week before last


等等都表示点状语的。



要想准确无误地使用好



before




ago, after




later

比较困难,但要是以








< p>
来区别就容易得多。



例:晚饭前



before supper


解放前



before liberation


1970


年前



before 1970


文革前



before cultural revolution


国庆前



before National Day


入大学前



before coming to college


这些都是


< p>



状语,因为


1970


年前即


1970


1



1


日前。国庆节即

< p>
10



1


日前。



ago


表示一段时间。



例:一分钟前



a minute ago


半小时前



half an hour ago


两天前



two days ago


一星期前



a week ago


五年前



five years ago


因为



a minute, half an hour, two days, a week, five years


等都表示一段时间,所


以用



ago


。以及



ten days later


等皆如此。



before


可接完成时,


ago


过去级有限



这时的



before


是连词


(


也可做介词


)


例:


We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.


我们刚离开学校, 天就


下雨了。


(


完成时


)


I had studied French for four months before I came here.


我来这儿以前就已学了四


个月法语了。


(before


接完成时


)


He fell ill three days ago.


他病了三天了。


(ago < /p>


则只能接动词过去式,同时注意瞬间动


词的问题。


)


He left two months ago.


两个月前他离开了。(同上


)


I met her a few minutes ago.


我在几分钟前碰到他了。< /p>


(


同上


)


Since


以来



during


间,


since


时态多变换



与之相比


beside,


除了



last but one






beside

< br>的一般用法是




……


旁边


”,


但还有


“< /p>



……


相比


”< /p>


等特殊用法。



例:


I felt so weak in spoken English beside them.


和他们相比,我感到我的口语太


差。



Beside work and


study, all else was trivial.


同工作和学习比起来,


其他一切都是小事。



除了



last but one




but


多指



除了



的意思,


也有



倒数第几



的意思。


last but one



不是最后一个。



例:


I haven't told anybody but one.


除了我爱人,我谁也没告诉。


(

除了


)


Who but a fool would study foreign language well if he is a hard working one.


如果他勤奋好学的话,除了傻瓜谁都能学好外语。

< p>
(


除了


)


Look at the last page but one.


请看倒数第

< br>2


页。



He was the last but three in maths examination this time.


他这次数学考试成绩倒


数第四。



They live in the next house but one.


他们住在隔壁过去一家。




初中英语语法:英语介词口诀详解(


3




步行、驴、马、玩笑


on



cab



carriage




in



例:


On foot


步行


; on horse


骑马


; on donkey


骑驴。



He rode on, blood flowing from his side.


他骑着马,鲜血从腰部流下来。



The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to


catch up with his unit.


为赶上部队,那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。



Go on horse back!


骑马去!



You are having me on!


你和我开玩笑呢


!


in cab




in carriage


不能用



on




by cab




carriage




at


山脚、门口在当前,速、温、日落价核心


即在山脚下、在门口、在目前,速度、以


……


速率、温度、 在日落时、在


……


核心要用


at




例:


At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades.


在山脚下,有我们


30


个同志。



There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.


山脚下有一个美丽的湖。



At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.



门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。



Who's standing there at the door?


谁站在门口


?


I don't need the dictionary at present.


我现在还不需要这本词典。



He is at present in Washington.


他目前正在华盛顿。



The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour.


火车每小时行驶


50


公里。



We built the plant at top speed and minimum cost.


我们以 最低的投资,最高的速度


修建了该工厂。



at home


在国内,在家里



at ten degrees centigrade


在摄氏


10




at minus ten degrees centigrade


摄氏零下


10




Water freezes at 0°


centigrade.


水在摄氏零度结冰。



Water usually boils at 100°


.


水通常在摄氏


100


度沸腾。



at zero


在零度



at full speed


全速



at a good price


高价



at a low cost


低成本



at a great cost


花了很大代价



at that time


在当时



Evaporation takes place at all temperatures.


蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。



at 1000 RPM (revolution per minute)


每分钟


1000




at a high speed


高速



The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.


战士们在日落时对敌人


发起了攻击。



at daybreak


日出时



The force at


the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party.


领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。



The atom has a nucleus at its core.


在原子的中心有一个原子核。



At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict


with us.


这学期开始,我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。



以及



At the first session of the First National People's congress of the People's


Republic of China.


在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大会第一次会议上


.


常用的



at


短语有


:



at first


首先,开始时



at least


至少



at all events


无论如何



at home


在家,无拘束



at one stroke


一下子



at a loss


不知怎办



at any rate


不管怎样



at length


详细地



be at high tide


处于高潮期



at our invitation


应我们的邀请



at our request


应我们的请求



at the news


听到这消息



at the risk of



……


危险



at a great expense


以巨大费用



at a stroke


一举



at intervals of


每隔



at liberty


有权,随意



at the sight of


一见到



at the point of


接近,靠近



at the thought of


一想到



at the speed of



……


速度



at the cost (price) of



……


为代价



at leisure


闲着、失业



at the disposal of


任凭


……


使用



at stake


在危险中、在成败关头



at bottom


实际上、本质上


-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-