初中英语陈述句转换感叹句详解
-
初中英语陈述句转换感叹句详解
一、如何快速掌握感叹句?
学会分析
五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键,
陈述句变感叹句实际上就是句
子成分位置的移动。
例
1 She is smiling sweetly.
→
How sweetly she is
smiling!
(移动状语)
二、哪些句子成分可能会移动位置?
通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置,
一般说来含有形容词
的
名词短语、
形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。
位置可能会变动的句子成分:
宾语、
表语
和状语。
例
2 Mr
Turner told us a funny story.
→
What a funny story Mr
Turner told
us!
(移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语)
< br>三、如何确定使用
what
还是使用
how
?
当我们做句型变换或选
择题时需要自己确定到底是用
what
还是用
< br>how
,一般可以这样来
确定:
位于主语之前的是名词短语时用
what
,
是形容词或副词短语时用
how
。
但这种格式
例外
: how + adj. + a/ an
+ N
例
3 What a cool bike you
are riding!
(
a cool bike
名词短语)
例
4 How fast he is
riding!
(
fast
副词)
例
5
How cool a bike you are
riding!
(
how + adj. + a/ an
+N
)
四、如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词?
名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词,以元音音素开头的词语之前用
an
,以辅音
音素开头的词语之前用
a
。
例
6
What beautiful sunshine it is
today!
(
sunshine
不可数名词)
例
7 What a useful book this
is!
(
useful
以辅音音素开头)
例
8 What an old house that
is!
(
old
以元音音素开头)
五、感叹句有哪几种格式?
简单地说
是
“
两型七式
”
:两种句型是以
what
开头的句型和以
how
开头的句型,七种格式
是
①
what + a + adj.
+ N+ S +V
②
what
+ an + adj. +N +S +V
③
what + adj. +
N
(不可数)
+ S +V
④
what + adj. +
N
(可数名词复数形式)
+ S+V
⑤
how + adj.+ S
+V
⑥
how + adv. +
S + V
⑦
how +
adj. + a/ an + N + S+V
例
What exciting news it
is!
(
what + adj. +
N
(可数名词复数形式)
+ S +
V
结构)
例
9 What good teachers they
are!
(
what + adj. +
N
(可数名词复数形式)
+
S+V
结构)
例
10 How warmly they are
discussing!
(
how + adv. + S +
V
结构)
例
11 How beautiful a picture
it is
!(
how + adj. + a/ an +
N + S + V
结构)
六、以
what
开头的句型和以
how
开头的句型怎样进行转换?
这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的
:
1.
含有
“a/ an + adj.
+ N ”
结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和
how
搭配使用。
2.
p>
名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作
“a/
an + adj. + N”
结构的中
心名词而用人称代词充
当主语。
例
12 What an
expensive glass he broke!
→
How expensive a glass he
broke!
例
13 How beautiful the
birds are!
→
what beautiful
birds they are!
(说明:
N
代表名词,未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式,
S
代表主语,
V
代表动词)
七、在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?
常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词
be
。
例
14 What a naughty
boy!
(省略了
he
is
)
八、有什么巧妙的办法记住这些规律吗?
以上的解释说明似乎很复杂,其实理清了思路、抓住了要领、掌握了规律并不是那么难的。
< br>为了便于同学们记忆我把以上规律编成了一段顺口溜,请同学们对照阅读。
陈述句述事实,感叹句表感情。
陈述变成感叹句,主谓系表先分清。
宾语状语移句首,表语亦须打头阵。
名词之前用
what
,形副之前
how
先行。
复数名词无冠词,事先分析莫轻心。
如果名词不可数,摒弃
a,
an
不留情。
冠词
a,
an
要分明,清音辅音是标准。
句子结构要完整,标点符号亦变更。
总结规律进步快,编个歌诀给你听。
巩固练习
一、选择题
1.____
delicious the dish is!
A. What
B. How
C. What a
2.____
strange clothes he is wearing!
A. What a
B. What
C. How a
3.____
an interesting subject it is!
A. What
B. How
C.
What an
4.____ foggy it was yesterday!
A. What
B. What a
C. How
5.____ careless a boy
you are!
A. How
B. What a
C. What
二、把下列的句子改为感叹句。(答案不唯一)
1.A: Jill is drawing a beautiful
picture.
B: ___________________________
2.A: Mr Wang is a busy man.
B: ___________________________
3.A: The cat is very happy.
B: ___________________________
4.A: The tractor is going very slowly.
B: ___________________________
5.A: He is very lucky.
B:
___________________________
6.A: It is
a wet day today.
B:
___________________________
7.A: They
started early.
B:
___________________________
8.A: They
waited a long time.
B:
___________________________
9.A: He is
wearing a large shirt.
B:
___________________________
10.A: The
dolphin is playing happily.
B:
___________________________
KEY
一、
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A
二、
a beautiful
picture Jill is drawing!/ How beautiful a picture
Jill is drawing!
a busy man Mr Wang
is!/ How busy a man Mr Wang is !
happy
the cat is!/ What a happy cat it is!
slowly the tractor is going!
lucky he
is!
a wet day it is today!/ How wet a
day it is today!
early they started!
a long time they waited!
a
large shirt he is wearing!/ How large a shirt he
is wearing!
happily the
dolphin is playing!
初中英语语法:
英语介词口诀详解(
4
)
this
,
that
,<
/p>
tomorrow
,
yesterday
,
next, last, one
接年、月、季、星期、周,
介词省略已习惯
例:一天
one day
(
不说
on one day)
one summer
在一个夏天
one year
一年
last night
昨天夜里
last Friday
上个星期五
last month
上月
last year
去年
yesterday afternoon
昨天下午
tomorrow
afternoon
明天下午
tomorrow evening
明天晚上
next month
下个月
next week
下周
next year
明年
next Saturday
下星期六
this morning
今天早晨
this year
今年
this Tuesday
本星期二
this Autumn
今年秋天
that morning
那天早上
that evening
那天晚上
无论前面介词
in
、
on
还是
at
,
通通可省略,
不能说
at last night, on last Friday, in last
month, in this year
这些都是不对的,须去掉介词。
over, under
正上下,
above, below
则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。
例:
There is a picture over
the window.
窗户上面有一幅画。
(
正上方
)
The plane flew
above the city.
飞机飞过城市上空。(高于城市并非正上方
)
A lamp was hanging over the table.
一盏灯是在方桌上方。
(
正上方
)
The moon was now above the trees
in the east.
这时月亮已经在东边树林的上方。
(
非
正上方
)
Don't stand above the masses.
勿高踞于群众之上。
(
比喻一一非正上方
< br>)
The mountain is 700 feet above sea
level.
这座山海拔
700
米。
(
非正上方
)
There is a small building below the
hill.
山下有座小楼房。
(
非正
下方
)
There is a submarine
under the water.
水下有艘潜水艇。
(
p>
正下方
)
Water was
found ten feet below the surface.
在地面下<
/p>
10
英尺处找到了水。
(
非正
下方
)
The
peasants are cooling themselves under the trees. <
/p>
农民们正在树下乘凉。
(
正下
方
)
over under
正上下,低高
below
与
above
The
temperature in the room is below (or under) 30
℃
.
室温是摄氏
30<
/p>
度以下。
(
数
量
词两者皆可
)
Do you have anything
in the way of computers below (under) $$10000?
你们有哪
些价格低于
10000
< br>美元的计算机
?
(数量词两者皆可〕
beyond
超出、无、不能
例:
It's quite beyond me (It
is more than I can understand).
这我完全不懂。
Don't
stay out beyond 10 o'clock.
不要在外呆到
10
点以后还不回家。
But the gratitude from the bottom of my
heart to the students and my old
colleagues, has gone beyond my control.
发自肺腑的对学生们和我的老同事们的感
激之心使我毫不紧张,
毫不拘束;
Your work is beyond
all praise, so good that it can't be praised enoug
h.
你的成绩
是赞扬不尽的。
That is going beyond a joke, passes the
limits of what is reasonable as a
joke.
那样开玩笑太过火了。
They were touched beyond words.
他们被感动得无法形容。
(
无
)
To do this was quite beyond all
doubts.
办这事我无能为力。
(
超出
)
This is inevitable and
beyond all doubts.
这是必然的,毫无疑义的。
< br>(
无
)
另外
, Beyond two cottages
stood his house.
句子中的
beyond
是
“
< br>那边
”
的意思。
against
靠着,对与反
例
: In front of the wardrobe
there are two upholstered armchairs arranged
against the
south wall near
the door.
立柜前面是两把沙发椅,靠着南城门附近。(靠
< br>着)
She leaned wearily
against the railings.
她疲惫地靠着栏杆站着。
(
靠着
)
A new
president was elected by a majority of 274 votes
against 110.
新总统以
274
票对
110
票的多数当选。
(
对
……)
besides, except
分内外,
among
之内
along
沿
例:
The design has many other
advantages besides lower cost.
除费用低外,该设<
/p>
计还有许多其他优点。
(
优点包括在内<
/p>
)
He had no time to prepare
his lecture, besides which he was unwell.
他没有时间
准备讲稿,而且他的身体也不大舒适。
Every one of us, except her, went to
see the exhibition.
除她外,我们都去参观了
展览会。
He gets up early every day except
Sunday.
除星期日外他每天早起。
Nobody was late except me.
除我以外,没人迟到。
同类比较
except
,加
for
异类记心间。
He's composition is good, except for
some spelling mistakes.
他的这篇作文写得很
好,只是有几处拼写错误。
(
非同类比较用
except for)
She was
all alone in the world except for an old aunt.
除了有一个老姑妈,她别无
亲人。
Anna felt disappointed when
she found out
they had gone
swimming without her.
(without
=
except)
当安娜发现除她外,他们都去游泳了,她感到很失望。
Lion Head Hill is not worth seeing
except for its old temples.
除了那些古寺以外,
狮头山没什么可看的。
Among
other things, we are interested in drawing.
我们对图画和别的一些东西很感
兴趣。
(among
之内即包括在内
)
原状
because of,
owing to, due to
表语形容词
例:
Owing to our joint
efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.
由于我们
的共同努力,任务提前完成了。
注:
Owing to
和
because of
都做原因状语,而
due to
只能做表语形容词。所以此句。
owing to
的介词短语做原因状语。
All
our achievements are due to the correct leadership
of our Party.
我们的一切
成绩都归功于党。
p>
(due to
做表语形容词
)
Under
后接修、建中,
of
p>
,
from
物化分
例:
The road is under repair
now
.这条路正在修建中。
The
now railway is still under construction.
新铁路尚在修筑中。
(
不能用
in)
under discussion
在讨论中
(
不能用
in) under considerate
在考虑中
p>
(
不能用
in)
The desk is made of wood.
桌子
是木头做的。
(
物理变化用
of)
The wine is made from
grape.
这种酒是用葡萄酿造的。
(
化学变化用
from)
The
bridge is made of steel.
这座桥是钢制的。
(
物理变化
)
Steel
is made from iron.
钢是由铁炼成的。
(
化学变化
)
before,
after
表一点,
ago, later
表示一段
即
before, after
常表示一个点的时间状语,而
ago
,
later
常表示一段的时间状语。
例如:前天
the day
before yesterday;
前年
the year before last;
大上星期
the
week before last
等等都表示点状语的。
要想准确无误地使用好
before
和
ago, after
和
later
比较困难,但要是以
“
点
”
和
“
段
”
来区别就容易得多。
例:晚饭前
before
supper
解放前
before
liberation
1970
年前
before 1970
文革前
before
cultural revolution
国庆前
before National Day
入大学前
before
coming to college
这些都是
“
点
”
状语,因为
1970
年前即
1970
年
1
月
1
日前。国庆节即
10
月
1
日前。
ago
表示一段时间。
例:一分钟前
a minute
ago
半小时前
half an
hour ago
两天前
two
days ago
一星期前
a
week ago
五年前
five
years ago
因为
a
minute, half an hour, two days, a week, five years
等都表示一段时间,所
以用
ago
。以及
ten days later
等皆如此。
before
可接完成时,
ago
过去级有限
这时的
before
是连词
(
也可做介词
)
例:
We had scarcely left our
school before it began to rain.
我们刚离开学校,
天就
下雨了。
(
完成时
)
I had studied French for four
months before I came here.
我来这儿以前就已学了四
p>
个月法语了。
(before
接完成时
)
He fell ill
three days ago.
他病了三天了。
(ago <
/p>
则只能接动词过去式,同时注意瞬间动
词的问题。
)
He left two months ago.
两个月前他离开了。(同上
)
I
met her a few minutes ago.
我在几分钟前碰到他了。<
/p>
(
同上
)
Since
以来
during
间,
since
p>
时态多变换
。
与之相比
beside,
除了
last but one
。
即
beside
< br>的一般用法是
“
在
……
旁边
”,
但还有
“<
/p>
和
……
相比
”<
/p>
等特殊用法。
例:
I felt so weak in spoken
English beside them.
和他们相比,我感到我的口语太
差。
Beside work and
study, all
else was trivial.
同工作和学习比起来,
其他一切都是小事。
除了
last but
one
,
即
but
多指
“
除了
”
的意思,
也有
“
倒数第几
p>
”
的意思。
last but one
即
不是最后一个。
例:
I haven't told anybody but
one.
除了我爱人,我谁也没告诉。
(
除了
)
Who but a fool would
study foreign language well if he is a hard
working one.
如果他勤奋好学的话,除了傻瓜谁都能学好外语。
(
除了
)
Look
at the last page but one.
请看倒数第
< br>2
页。
He was the
last but three in maths examination this time.
他这次数学考试成绩倒
数第四。
They live in the next house but one.
他们住在隔壁过去一家。
初中英语语法:英语介词口诀详解(
3
)
步行、驴、马、玩笑
on
,
cab
,
carriage
用
in
例:
On foot
步行
; on horse
骑马
; on donkey
骑驴。
He rode on,
blood flowing from his side.
他骑着马,鲜血从腰部流下来。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army
rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to
catch up with his unit.
为赶上部队,那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。
Go on horse back!
骑马去!
You are
having me on!
你和我开玩笑呢
!
in cab
和
in carriage
不能用
on
或
by cab
或
carriage
。
at
山脚、门口在当前,速、温、日落价核心
即在山脚下、在门口、在目前,速度、以
……
速率、温度、
在日落时、在
……
核心要用
at
。
例:
At
the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our
comrades.
在山脚下,有我们
30
个同志。
There is a
beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.
山脚下有一个美丽的湖。
At
the gate of the house there are many children
playing glass ball.
门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door?
谁站在门口
?
I don't
need the dictionary at present.
我现在还不需要这本词典。
He
is at present in Washington.
他目前正在华盛顿。
The
train runs at fifty kilometres an hour.
火车每小时行驶
50
公里。
We built the
plant at top speed and minimum cost.
我们以
最低的投资,最高的速度
修建了该工厂。
at home
在国内,在家里
at ten degrees centigrade
在摄氏
10
度
at minus ten
degrees centigrade
摄氏零下
10
度
Water freezes
at 0°
centigrade.
水在摄氏零度结冰。
Water
usually boils at 100°
.
水通常在摄氏
100
度沸腾。
at zero
在零度
at full speed
全速
at a good
price
高价
at a low
cost
低成本
at a
great cost
花了很大代价
at that time
在当时
Evaporation takes place at all
temperatures.
蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。
at 1000 RPM (revolution per minute)
每分钟
1000
转
at a high speed
高速
The soldiers
launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.
战士们在日落时对敌人
发起了攻击。
at daybreak
日出时
The force at
the core
leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist
Party.
领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。
The atom has a nucleus at its core.
在原子的中心有一个原子核。
At
the beginning of this term the teacher in charge
of our class was very strict
with us.
这学期开始,我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。
以及
At the first
session of the First National People's congress of
the People's
Republic of China.
在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大会第一次会议上
.
常用的
at
短语有
:
at first
首先,开始时
at least
至少
at all events
无论如何
at home
在家,无拘束
at one
stroke
一下子
at a
loss
不知怎办
at any
rate
不管怎样
at
length
详细地
be at
high tide
处于高潮期
at our invitation
应我们的邀请
at our
request
应我们的请求
at
the news
听到这消息
at
the risk of
冒
……
危险
at a great expense
以巨大费用
at a stroke
一举
at intervals
of
每隔
at liberty
有权,随意
at the
sight of
一见到
at
the point of
接近,靠近
at the thought of
一想到
at the speed
of
以
……
速度
at the cost (price) of
以
……
为代价
at leisure
闲着、失业
at the disposal of
任凭
……
使用
at stake
在危险中、在成败关头
at
bottom
实际上、本质上