感叹句、条件句、therebe和havehas
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感叹句
感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇
、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由
what
或
how
引导。
一、由
what
引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：
1.
可用句型：“ What + a/an
＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。
如：
What a nice present it is!
What an interesting book it is!
2.
可用句型：“ What
＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。
如：
What beautiful flowers
they are! What good children they are!
3.
可用句型：“ What
＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。
如：
What fine weather it is
today! What important news it is!
二、由
how
引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：
1.
可用句型：“ How
＋形容词
/
副词＋主语＋谓语！”。
如：
How careful she is!
How fast he runs!
2.
可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋
a/an
＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。
如：
How beautiful a girl she
is!
3.
可用句型：“
How ＋主语＋谓语！”。
如：
How time flies!
由
what
引导的感叹句与由
how
引导的感
叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。
如：
How beautiful a girl she
is!
＝
What a beautiful
girl she is!
What delicious
cakes these are!
＝
How
delicious these cakes are!
三
、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。
如：
Good idea!
（好主意！）
Wonderful!
（太精彩了！）
Thank goodness!
（谢天谢地！）
专项练习
一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。
difficult homework we had yesterday!
2. ________cute dog it is!
interesting the story is! bad
the weather in England is!
honest boy Tom is
！
tasty smell the cake gave off!
good time we had on the beach
yesterday! exciting news you've brought
us!
your new car is!
scary these tigers are!
二、选择填空。
1.
_______ fast the boy ran!
A. How
B.
How an C. What
D.
What an
2. _______ well you
sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how
B. What, what C. How, what
D.
What,
how
3.
________ delicious the soup is
! I’d
like
some more.
A. How
B.
How an C. What
D. What an
4.
_______ fools they were! They believed what the
man said.
A. How
B. How an C. What
D. What
an
5. _______ foolish they
were! They believed what the man said.
A. How
B.
How an C. What
D. What an
6.
_______ difficult questions they are! I
can’t answer them.
A. How
B. How an C. What
D. What
an
7. I miss my friend very
much. _______ I want to see her!
A. How
B. How an C. What
D. What
an
8. _______ lovely weather
we are having these days!
A.
How
B.
How an C. What
D. What
an
9. _______ beautiful your
new dress is!
A. How
B. How an C. What
D. What an
10.
_______ interesting work it is to teach children!
A. How
B. How an C. What
D.
What an
三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：
1. The boy swam very
fast.
（同义句）
_______
_______ the boy swam!
2. The
school trip is very exciting.
（同义句）
_____ ______ the
school trip is!
3. Hei
Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter.
（同义句）
_______
_______ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!
4. It is a very useful dictionary.
（同义句）
_______
_______ _______
dictionary
it is! _______ _______
_______
dictionary
is!
5. The
students are listening very carefully.
________ ________ the students are
listening!
条件句
在
if
引导的条件状语从句中，
if
和条件句位置灵活，
可直接放在主句后面，
若
< br> if
条件句放句首，
从<
/p>
句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开。还要注意前后时态一致原则。
在
if
引导的条件状语从句中，如
果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句
用一般将来时态，从
句用一般现在时态。
如：
We
can walk there if we can't find a bus. If
it rains tomorrow, we will not go to
the zoo.
What
will you do if you find a panda in
danger
If
引导条件句构成如下：
1.
if
从句用现在时态，主语用将来时态（
will / won
’
t
）
。
（例子同上）
2.
if
从句用现在时态，主语用祈使句（动词原形
/
Don
’
t +
动词原形）
。
如：
If you make a mistake,
correct it. If you
don
’
t like the food,
don
’
t eat it.
专项练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
If you ________(feel) tired, you _______________
(have) to have a rest.
2.
Where _______ he _________(see) the film if he
________________(have) time
3. If there __________(be) fewer trees,
there _______________( be) more
pollution.
4. He
_____________(dress)
more casually if
he ________________( not work) on
weekends.
5. If Marcia
_____________(live) alone, she
___________________( keep) a pet
parrot.
6. Lana
________________( buy) a new dress if the old one
____________(be) out of style.
7. The twins ______________(fight) if
they_______________(argue).
8. I ____________(have) a bake sale if
I _____________(need) money for
education.
9. Peter
_____________( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he
________________(tour) Spain.
10. If Mr. Green ___________(say) I am
hard- working, my parents _________( feel)
glad.
11. I ____________(go)
to the beach if it________________ ( not rain)
this week.
12.
__________they __________( have) a match if the .
teacher _____________(be) busy
13. He ____(write) a letter to his
grandparents if he ____(get) his report card this
week.
14. If she
____________(get) up late, she _____________ ( not
catch) the early bus.
15.
Peter ________(major) in English if he ____(pass)
the exams in Peking
University.
二、根据汉语意思写句子。
1.
如果他到的晚了会发生什么事情
What _______________ if he
_____________ late
2.
如果努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。
If you__________ _________, you
___________ good _____________.
3.
他如果看电视太久了，他的父母会不高兴。
If he _________ TV too much, his
parents __________ __________ unhappy.
4.
如果我们为他组织生日聚会，大家都会来的。
Everyone
________________ if we _____________ a birthday
party __________ him.
5.
如果明天不下雨，我会和你一起去公园的。
If it __________
__________ tomorrow, I ______________ go to the
park _________ you.
6.
如果她睡过头了，就会旅游迟到的。
She__________________________ the trip
if she ___________________.
7.
如果他有空，他会帮助你的。
If he _________________, he
_________________
you.
8.
如果
Tom
考试不
及格，他就没有机会上高中了。
Tom
_________have the ________to go to the high school
if he ________ the exams.
9.
你如果抄同学的作业就不能学好各门功课。
You _______ _____ good at all the
subjects if you ______ the other students’
homework.
There be
句型与
have,
has
的区别
一、
There
be
句型
1
．表示：在某地有某物或某人。
2
．在
there be
句型中：
A
．主语是单数或不可数名词，
be
动词用
is
；
There is a book on the desk. There is
some water in the glass.
B
．主语是复数，
be
动词用
are
；
There are three
men under the tree.
C
．如有几件物品，
be
动词根据最近
be
动词的那个名词决定。
There is a bag, two books and
three pens on the desk.
There are two books, a bag and three
pens on the desk.
3
．
there
be
句型的否定句在
be
动词后加
not ,
一般疑问句把<
/p>
be
动词调到句首。
肯定句：
There is a duck in the
river.
否定句：
There
is not a duck in the river.
一般疑问句：
Is there a duck in
the river
4
．
some
和
any
在
there be
句型中的运用：
some
用于肯定句，
any
用于否定句或疑问句。
5
．
and
和
or
在
there
be
句型中的运用：
and
用于肯定句，
or
用于否定句或疑问句。
6
．针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many +
可数名词复数
+ are there +
介词短语
How much +
不可数名词
+ is there +
介词短语
7
．针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：