句子分类:_陈述句_疑问句_祈使句_感叹句_简单句_并列句_复合句

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2021年02月10日 01:38
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陈述句



陈述句主要是用来陈述事实或观点,传递信息,提供情况。


< /p>


陈述句又分为肯定的陈述句和否定的陈述句,简称为肯定句(


Th e


Affirmative


Sentence


)和否定句(


The Negative Sentence


)两种。



陈述句在书写时句末有句号,而在朗读时则用降调。



例句:



China is the largest country in Asia.


中国是亚洲最大的国家。



I didn't tell him anything.


我什么也没有告诉他。



陈述句由直接引语变间接引语



将直接 引语变为由


that


引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后


(that


也可省略


)



如:


“I


don’t love her.” he says.


他说。


如:

< br>“


我不爱她。


”→He says that he doesn’t love her.


他说他不爱她。






注意:



若引述动词用的是


say to sb


,则通常改为


tell sb


。如:


“It’s a secret.” he said to me.


他对我说。


如:


这是秘密。


”→He told me that it was a secret.


他对我说那是秘密。


(2)


若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句,


要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词


that



如:


He says, “I like singing and I want to be a singer.”


他说。


如:



我喜欢唱歌,


我想当


歌手。


”→He says that he likes singing and that he wanted to be a singer.


他说他喜欢


唱歌,想当歌手。






在此种 情况下,


引导第一个宾语从句的


that


有时可以省略,


但引导第二个宾语从


句的

that


通常不省略,以免误解。



一、如何快速掌握感叹句?



学会分析 五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键,


陈述句变感叹句实

< br>际上就是句子成分位置的移动。




1 She is smiling sweetly.


→How sweetly she is smiling!


(移动状语)



二、哪些句子成分可能会移动位置?



通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置,


一般说来含


有形容词的名词短语、


形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。

< p>
位置可能会变动的


句子成分:宾语、表语和状语。




2 Mr Turner told us a funny story.


→What a funny


story Mr Turner told us!


(移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语)


< br>三、如何确定使用


what


还是使用

how




当我们做句型变换或选 择题时需要自己确定到底是用


what


还是用

< br>how


,一般可


以这样来确定:位于主语之前的是名词短 语时用


what


,是形容词或副词短语时



how


。但这种格式例外


: how + adj. + a/ an + N



3 What a cool bike you are riding!



a cool bike


名词短语)




4 How fast he is riding!



fast


副词)




5 How cool a bike you are riding!



how + adj. + a/ an +N




四、如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词?




1


名词的复数形式和不可数名词之 前不使用冠词,以元音音素开头的词语之前用


an


,以辅音音素 开头的词语之前用


a





6 What beautiful sunshine it is today!



sunshine


不可数名词)




7 What a useful book this is!



useful


以辅音音素开头)




8 What an old house that is!



old


以元音音素开头)



五、感叹句有哪几种格式?



简单地说 是



两型七式



:两种句型是以


what


开头的句型和以

how


开头的句型,


七种格式是




what + a + adj. + N+ S +V



what + an + adj. +N +S +V



what + adj. + N


(不可数)



+ S +V



what + adj. + N


(可数名词复数形式)


+ S+V



how + adj.+ S +V



how + adv. + S + V



how + adj. + a/ an + N + S+V




What exciting news it is!



what + adj. + N


(可数名词复数形式)


+ S + V


结构)




9 What good teachers they are!



what + adj. + N


(可数名词复数形式)


+ S+V



构)




10 How warmly they are discussing!



how + adv. + S + V


结构)




11 How beautiful a picture it is




how + adj. + a/ an + N + S + V


结构)



六、以


what


开头的句型和以


how


开头的句型怎样进行转换?



这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的


:


1.


含有


“a/ an + adj. + N ”


结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的


前面和


how


搭配使用。



2.


名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作

< p>
“a/


an


+


adj.


+


N”

< br>结


构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。




12 What an expensive glass he broke! →How expensive a


glass he broke!



13 How beautiful the birds are! →what beautiful birds they are!



(说明:


N


代表名词,未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式,


S


代表主语,


V


代表动词)



七、在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?



常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词


be





14 What a naughty boy!


(省略了


he is




八、有什么巧妙的办法记住这些规律吗?


以上的解释说明似乎很复杂,


其实理清了思路、


抓住了要领 、


掌握了规律并不是


那么难的。


为了便 于同学们记忆我把以上规律编成了一段顺口溜,


请同学们对照


阅 读。



陈述句述事实,感叹句表感情。



陈述变成感叹句,主谓系表先分清。



宾语状语移句首,表语亦须打头阵。



名词之前用


what


,形副之前


how


先行。



复数名词无冠词,事先分析莫轻心。



如果名词不可数,摒弃


a, an


不留情。



冠词


a, an


要分明,清音辅音是标准。




2


句子结构要完整,标点符号亦变更。



总结规律进步快,编个歌诀给你听。



疑问句



疑问句的主要交际功能是提出 问题,询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、


特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。

< p>


一般疑问句:



Do you speak English?


你讲英语吗?



选择疑问句:



Do you like to play football or basketball?


你喜欢踢足球还是打篮球?



特殊疑问句:



Which book is yours?


哪一本书是你的?



反意疑问句:



It's cold today, isn't it?



疑问句由直接引语变间接引语



一、



一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接 引语方法是:将直接引语变为由


if



whether


引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。如:


“Ar e you ill?” he aske


d.


他问。


如:



你病了吗?



你病了吗?


→He asked if [whether] I was ill.


他问我是否病了。






注意:



改为宾语从句的间接引语要用 陈述句词序。


(2)


若直接引语引述动词为

say


,改成


间接引语应将其改为


ask


等。




二、特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语方法是:将直接引语变为由



疑问词



引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。如:


”He asked, “When did she leave?”

< br>他问。


如:



她什么时候离开的 ?


”→He asked when she had left.

< br>他问她什么时候离开的。


注意:


(1)

< br>改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序。




若直接引语引述动词为


say


,改成间接引语应 将其改为


ask


等。



谈谈反意疑问句



一、反意疑问句(


Disjunctive Questions


)的定义:



反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句(


tag question


)在陈述句之后,附加上一个简短句,


对陈述句所叙述的事情提出的事 情提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。


换句话说,


反意 疑问句由两部分组成,


前一部分是对是对事物的陈述,


后一部分


是针对所提出是事提出疑问。


如果前一部分用肯定式,


后一部分就用否定式;



果前一部分用否定式,


后一部分就用肯定式。


反意疑问句陈述部分用降调,

< p>
简短


问句部分可以用升调,


也可以用降调,


这得由提问者决定。


提问者对陈述部分把


握较 大时,问句用降调;把握不大时用升调。



二、反意疑问句前后两部分所遵循的规则:



1.


前后语气相反



A


.前一部分用肯定式,后一部分就用否定式。



(1)You are a student, aren't you ?


(2)She reads Chinese every day, doesn't she?


(3)John went to school, didn't he?


(4)She has done his homework, hasn't he?



3


(5)They can speak English, can't they?


(6)You will come in, won't you?


B


.前 一部分用否定式,后一部分就用肯定式。



(1)He isn't a singer, is he?


(2)They don't play the guitar, do they?


(3)You couldn't write it, could you?


(4)We didn't see Tom, did we?


(5)She hasn't seen Lily, has she?


(6)He can't ride the bike, can he?


2


.前后人称一致



(1)We are teachers, aren't we?


(2)She comes from Japan, doesn't she?


(3)He read maths every day last year, didn't she?


(4)They have done their work, haven't they?


(5)It will be fine, won't it?


3


.前后时态一致



(1)You are a teacher, aren't you?


(2)He comes from Japan, doesn't he?


(3)She studied Chinese last year, didn't she?


(4)They have learned English, haven't they?


(5)It will rain, won't it?


4


.简短问句部分要用缩写形式



(1)You are a student, aren't you ?


(2)She reads Chinese every day, doesn't she?


(3)John went to scholl, didn't he?


(4)She has done his homework, hasn't he?


(5)They can speak English, can't they?


(6)You will come in, won't you? < /p>


5


.简短问句部分的主语要用人称代词主格



(1)This book is yours, isn't it?


(2)Tom dosen't know me, does he?


(3)Lucy and Lily played the piano, didn't they?


(4)Kate's dog has eaten 3 chichens, hasn't it?


(5)His desk and bike are red, aren't they?


(6)His milk isn't bad, is it?


三、反意疑问句中的特例:



1. There be


变成



be There




eg: There are 3 dogs, are there?


2. I am a worker, aren't (an't) I?


3.


陈述部分是祈使句时,从句应具体情况具体对待



(1)Don't forget it, will you? (


不用


Won't you?)


(2)Come here early please, will(won't) you?


(3)Let's go to the beach, shall(shan't) we?


(4)Let us go to the beach, will(won't) you?



4


4.


陈述部分谓语是


think,s uppose,believe,expect


等,且主语为第一人称或第二人


称时,简略句肯定或否定语气与主句对应,而主语和时态却与从句一致



(1)I don't think you are right, are you?


(2)I don't believe he has done it, has he?


5.


当陈述部分的主语为代词


-body,-one


构成的不定代词时,简略句的主语多用


they


;当陈述部分的主语为


-ing


构成的不定代词时,简略句的主语多用


it


(1)Everyone is here, aren't they?


(2)Playing football in the street is right, isn't it?


6.


当陈述部分的主语 为代词:


this,that,nonthing,


不定式,动 名词或从句时,简略


句的主语用


it


; 陈述部分的主语为


these,those,nobody,eveybody,som ebody


等,简


略句的主语用


the y


(1)That is a dog, isn't it?


(2)These are apples, aren't they?


(3)Nothing is right, is it?


(4)To see is tobelieve, isn'it?


(5)Everyone comes here, don't they?


(6)Nobody can help us, can they?


(7)Everything is ready, isn't it?


7.


当陈述部分的主语含有


no,n ever,hardly,little,seldom few


等词,


这部分按否定处


理,为简略句应用肯定式



(1)He can hardly read English, can he?


(2)It seldom rains here, does it?


(3)He has no classes today, does he?


8.


当陈述部分的主语含有


un-, -less,dis-


等带有前(后)缀的词,这部分按肯定处


理,简略句应用否定式



(1)It is unfair, isn't it?


(2)He dislike it, doesn't he?


9


.当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时的特殊情况:



A.


当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时简略句应以 情态动词后的动词为标准,去作


相应的变化。



(1)Jack must have arrived here, hasn't he?


(2)Li Ping must have finished her work last night,didn't she?


B.


反意疑问句的特殊答语



对于反意疑问 句的的回答,


不管问题的提法如何,


如果事实是肯定的,


就用


yes



如果事 实否定的,就用


no


当陈述部分为否定时要特别注意,这时的 英语和汉语的答语是不同的。例如:



a.

< br>当陈述部分为肯定,简略句部分为否定时的答语和一般疑问句相同。



(1)He is a student, isn't he?


(2)Yes, he is. No, he isn't.


(是的,他是。不,他不是。




b.


当陈述部分为否定,简略句部分为肯定时的答语。当陈述部分为否定,简略


句为肯定时的答语时意义就会和汉语大相径庭:


Yes, No


和汉语的意义相反。



(1)Kate didn't play the piano yesterday, did she?





Yes, she did.




No, she didn't.


( 不,他弹了。是的,他没弹。




(2)They aren't reading the book, are they?



5





Yes, they are.




No, he are't. < /p>


(不,他们正在读。是的,他们没读。




(3)Lucy didn't ride the bike, did she?





Yes, she did.




No, she didn't.


(不,她骑了。是的,他没骑 。





祈使句



用于表达命令、请求、劝告、 警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于


表达命令。



祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般


现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。例:



Go and wash your hands.


(去洗你的 手。


——


命令)



Be quiet




please.



Please be quiet.



(请安静。


——


请求)



Be kind to our s ister.


(对姊妹要和善。


——


劝 告)



Watch your steps.

< br>(走路小心。


——


警告)



Look out



Danger



(小心!危险!


——

强烈警告,已如感叹句)



Keep off the g rass.


(勿践草坪。


——


禁止)< /p>



祈使句也常把主语


“You”


表达出来,


使对方听起来觉得柔和些,


例如:< /p>


You go and


tell him




Chris.


(克立斯去告诉他。




相关口令:



祈使句无主语,主语


you


常省去;



动词原形谓语当,句首加


don't


否定变;

< br>


朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。



表现形式:



肯定结构:



1. Do


型(即:动词原形(


+


宾语)


+


其它成分)


。如:


Please have a seat here.


请这


边坐。




有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,


动词可省略。


如:


This way




please.


= Go this way




please.


请这边走。



2. Be


型(即:


Be +


表语(名词或 形容词)


+


其它成分)


。如:


Be a good boy!



做一个好孩子!



3. Let


型(即:


Let +


宾语



+


动词原形



+


其它成分)


。如:


Let me help you.



我来帮你。



否定结构:



1. Do


型和


Be


型的否定式都是在句首加

< br>don't


构成。如:


Don't forget me!


不要忘


记我!



2. Let


型的否定式有两种:


“Don't + let +


宾语



+


动词原形



+


其它成分




“Let +


宾语



+ not +


动词原形



+


其它成分




如:

< br>Don't let him go. / Let him not go.


别让


他走。



3.


有些可用


no

< br>开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:


No smoking!


禁止吸烟!



感叹句



感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐 以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由



what




how


引导。现分述如下:



一、由



what


引导的感叹句,其句子结构可分为以下三种:



1.


可用句型:


“ What + a/an


+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!



。如:



What a nice present it is!


它是一件多么好的礼物啊!



What an interesting book it is!


它是一本多么有趣的书啊!




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