第五课 英语五种基本句型
-
第五课时
五种基本简单句型
英语句子的类型（结构分类）
简单句：
只有一个主谓结构
并列句：
分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子
复合句：一
个主句加一个或几个从句
二
.
五种简单基本句型
系动词
不及物动词
主语
+
系
+
表语
主语
+
谓语
动
主语<
/p>
+
谓语
+
宾语<
/p>
词
及物动词
主语
+
谓语
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语
< br>
主语<
/p>
+
谓语
+
宾语<
/p>
+
宾语补足语
1.
主语
+
谓语
1
）
Building has
started.
2
）
The train
leaves at 7:40.
3
）
She
cooks.
4
）
He is working
5
）
What he said
doesn’t matter.
6
）
It begin to
rain as soon as we got home.
搭配：
The teacher teaches well.
The child walks very slowly.
搭配：
The girl
looked at the picture.
The children
ran to the forest.
Exercises
我每天
6
点起床。
________
____________________________.
时光飞逝。
________________________________________. <
/p>
他在工厂里努力工作。
___________________
_________________
这支笔很好写。
___
_______________________________________.
2
．主语
+
系动词
+
表语
1
）
Our city is at
the crossing of some important railways.
2
）
The city will
become rich.
3
）
His advice
proved (to be) right.
4)
Everything looks different.
5)
His face
turned red.
1
在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：
“
变化
”<
/p>
类：
___________________________
_________
“
感官”类
:
____________________________________
“
持续”
类：
____________________________________
其他：
（似乎）
________
_______
(
证明是
)_________
Exercises
你的故事听起来很有趣。
__________________________________________
他去年当上医生。
_______________________
_______________________ .
这种炎热的天气将会保持几天
。
_____________________________________
这个计划证明是可行的。
_________________
__________________________
3
．主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
1
）
The boss
employed five more workers.
2
）
My brother
takes care of the vegetable garden.
3
）
Few students
like taking exams.
4
）
He forgot to
close the door.
5
）
I hope I can
speak English fluently.
Exercise
他喜欢阅读。
__________________________________
_.
课后我经常踢足球。
___________________
________________
他许诺给我一个礼物。
_
_________________________________
我喜欢课堂
上的友好气氛。
_______________________________
4
．主语
+
谓语
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语
1
）
He has fetched
us some new textbooks.
2
）
Grandma cooked
us a nice meal.
3
）
The man told
the girl that he wants to test her the subject.
4
）
The
boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
常跟双宾语的及物动词有：
（需借助
to
的）
bring, give,
lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return,
send, show,
teach, tell, write,
等；
（需借助
for
的）
buy, call, cook,
choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save,
spare,
He sent me an
English-Chinese Dictionary.
= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary
to me.
She gave John a
book
．
= She bought a book for
me.
顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？
< br>_______________________________________________ _____.
2
下学期谁教你们生物？
________________________
___________________
Mr. Whi
te
告诉我为什么他要出国。
_______________
______________________
你最好一到那里就给我回信。
_____________________________as soon as
you get there.
5
主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
1
）
The villagers
didn’t allow them
to do
this.
2
）
I will keep the
box in the shade.
3
）
We found him a
very good pupil.
4
）
She let me stay
in the company.
Exercise
他总是
把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。
__________________________
_________
我建议他多读点书。
_________
____________________________.
< br>他教人修了机器。
____________________________
_________.
我们选他当班长。
_________
____________________________.
6. There
be
句型
此句型是由
there + be
+
主语
+
状语
构成，
用以表达某地存在有，
它其实是倒装
的一种情况，主语位于谓语
动词
be
之后，
there
仅为引导词，并无实际意义。
Be
与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，
There
is
an
orange and some bananas in the basket.
There
are
some
bananas and an orange in the basket.
现在有
there is /
are …
过去有
there was / were…
将来有
there
w
ill be…/ there is / are going to
be...
现在已经有
there has / have been…
可能有
there might
be...
肯定有
there
must be
…/ there
must have
been...
过去一直有
there used to be
…
似乎有
there seems / seem / seemed to be
…
碰巧有
there happen
/ happens / happened to be
…
此句型有时可用
live, stand, come, go, lie, remain,
exist, arrive,
等词代替
be
< br>动词。
Eg. There is going to
be a meeting tomorrow.
There lived an
old man at the foot of the mountain.
There came a shout for
There
must have been a village here.
3
There lies a
book on the desk.
否定句：
There be
句型否定句
式的构成和含有
be
动词的其它句型一样，在
< br>be
后加
上“
not”
。也可用“
no”
来表示。即：
no + n.
（名词）
= not aanany
+ n.
（名词）
。
注意：
no + n.
（可数名词单数）
= not
aan +
n.
（可数名词单数）
；
no +
n.
（可数名词
复数）
= not
any +
n.
（可数名词复数）
；
no +
n.
（不可数名词）
= not any + n.
（不可
数名词）
。例如：
There is an orange in her
bag.
变为否定句
→
→
There are some
oranges in her bag.
变为否定
→
→
三
并列句
并列句：用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子用分号：
We fished all
day
;
we didn’t
catch a thing.
用并列连词（如
and
、
but
、
so
、
yet
等）
We fished all day,
bu
t we didn’t catch a
thing
Exercise:
请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句
1. He was tired.
He went to bed.
He was tired,
____
he went to bed.
2. The child didn’t go out.
He was afraid
of the dog.
The child didn’t
go out,
______
he
was afraid of the dog.
3. He made a
promise. He didn’t keep it.
He made a promise,
_______
He didn’t keep it.
4. He came. He brought me
something to eat.
He
_________
came,
________
brought me
something toeat .
并列句的分类
1
、表示连接两个同等概念，常用
and, not
only…but also…, neither…nor…,
then
等连接。
e.g. The
teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is
John.
2
、表示选择，常用的连词有
or,
either…or…, otherwise
等。
e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the
train.
3
、表示转折，常用的连词有
but,
still, however, yet, while,
when
等。
4