语体色彩
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语体色彩
•
语体色彩
指文体色彩。文体有正式和非正式之分，有文学性和非文学性之分、有口头语和书面语之分。口头
语言通俗易懂，生动活泼；书面语言较为正式，讲究分寸。词语的语体色彩主要体现在其正式程度上；有
些
专用词只适用于某一类文体。如果翻译表达时不注意，就会使人觉得不协调。
die
死
pass away (formal,
euphemist
ic
)
过世、去世
depart (formal,
euphemistic<
/p>
)
离开、离去
decease (
non-
affective
)
死亡
be gone
(
spoken
)
不在了、走
了
cease to be
(
poetry
)
生命已逝
kick the bucket
(slang)
伸腿了、翘辫子了、死翘翘
Literay and non-literary translation
51) A plain man of the people, and
extraordinary fortune attended him. He offered no
shining qualities at the first
encounter;
he
did
not
offend
by
superiority.
He
had
a
face
and
manner
which
disarmed
suspicion,
which
inspired
confidence, which confirmed good will.
He was a man without vices. He had a strong sense
of duty, which it was very
easy for him
to obey. Then, he had what farmers call a long
head; was excellent in working out the sum for
himself; in
arguing his case and
convincing you fairly and firmly.
[
参考译文
]
他是一位平凡的人，但生逢其时（但
有不平凡的际遇）
。初次见面，人们看不出他有什么才华。他
不
会以优越惹人不快（盛气凌人）
。他的容貌与举止消除（人们对他的）猜疑，激发（人们
对他的）信心，而
且肯定他的善意。他是一位行为端正的人。他具有强烈的责任感，
（尽忠职守）
，对他来说易如反掌。他有着
农夫们所谓的
“
长头
”
（即深具远见）
，擅长于找出问题的症结，他辩才无碍，使人们对他的论点坚信
不疑
。
52) It is the thing he
cannot bear to lose, it is the thing whose passing
he watches with infinite sorrow and regret, it is
the thing whose loss he must lament
forever, and it is the thing whose loss he really
welcomes with a sad and secret
joy, the
thing he would never willingly relive again, could
it be restored to him by any magic.
谁都想
让青春永驻，眼睁睁地看着青春流逝，心中都会涌起无数的忧伤和追悔，都会充满难以排遣的哀怨都
会悲喜交集。即便有奇迹出现，令青春回头，谁也不会去重温那蹉跎岁月。
53)
The
employer
may
require
the
Contractor
to
replace
forthwith
any
of
its
authorized
representatives
who
is
incompletent.
54) The
current US incarnation of the overseas end of the
former Bell Telephone Corp. has returned to China,
joining
Japanese and German companies
in major high-technology telecommunications
manufacturing.
53)
雇方可要求承包商立即
更换其不合格的授权代表。
54)
昔日美国贝尔电话公司的海外业务部，
如今重整旗鼓再返中国，
代表美国与日本和德国的公司一起从事主
要高新技术电信设备的制造。
< br>
文化语境
/
宏观语境和翻译选
词
context of culture and
diction
as strong as a horse
as silent as a fish
Neither fish nor fowl
as
poor as a church mouse
Man proposes,
God disposes.
The devil lurks behind the cross.
壮得像头牛
噤若寒蝉
非驴非马
一贫如洗
谋事在人，成事在天。
口蜜腹剑
55) The teenagers don’t invite Bob to
their parties because he is a wet
blanket.
56) “You chicken! ”
He cried
, looking at Tom with contempt.
57)
They threw him into the lions.
58) The
stork visited the Browns last night.
55)
少年们不邀请鲍勃参加聚会，
因为他是一个令人扫兴的人。
56) “
你这个胆小鬼！
”
他轻蔑地看着汤姆嚷道。
57)
他们把他推入虎口。
58)
布朗家昨夜添了个孩子。
.
查词典是判断词义的重要手段，然而自有其限制性。字典中的释义往往是词汇的静态意义，而词
汇在使用中
却因为具体的语境而具有动态的意义。单单抱住基本字典是不足以应付翻译中
出现的词汇理解问题。因此，
要准确把握词义，需要深入了解单词所处的语境
Techniques for
lexical translation
Correspondence
translation
对等法
Cut in a joke
Speak one’s mind
At one’s
fingertips
Fish in the troubled water
In deep water
Turn up one’s nose at…
Skin and bones
Touch and go
插科打诨
畅所欲言
了如指掌
浑水摸鱼
水深火热
嗤之以鼻
皮包骨头
一触即发
谚语
(idiom)
和成语
(proverb)
< br>在汉英两种语言中的对等大是从比喻意义、比喻形式和感情色彩三方面体现出来
的
。其中比喻意义是最重要的，是翻译中必须做到的，感情色彩的对等几乎同等重要，不可忽视。在保证这