文化智商
-
Q. and A.: Julia Middleton and Ronald
Arculli on Cultural Intelligence in a
Global Era
全球化的新时代，你需要
―
文化智商
‖
China doesn’t seem to lack I.Q.
—
Chinese students ace examinations in
educational establishments around the
world. And Chinese increasingly
seem to
want E.Q., or emotional intelligence, with some
educators
concerned their students’
lack of emotional insig
ht and ability
will hinder
them in life. But what
about the growing idea of C.Q., or cultural
intelligence?Cultural intelligence is
an important issue for Julia Middleton,
the founder of the London-based charity
Common Purpose, which focuses
on
developing leadership. Mulling the reality of
people trying to lead and
understand
each other in a globalized world, and why it
matters that they do,
Ms. Middleton
wrote a book, ―Cultural Intelligence,‖ subtitled
―The
Competitive Edge for Leaders
Crossing Borders,‖ w
hich was published
in
it, she wrote that she was inspired
by William W. George, Professor
of
Management Practice at Harvard University, who
―leapfrogged the
conventional academic
notion of what C.Q. is and has given it a properly
global
perspective.
‖
中国人
似乎并不缺少智商
——
中国学生在世界各地教育机构的考试中<
/p>
都是佼佼者。
中国人似乎也越来越想要获得情商，
因为一些教育工作者
担心，缺乏对情感的洞察力和表达力，
会成为中国学生人生道路上的阻
碍。
那文化智商呢？这个概
念正在不断发展。
对于朱莉娅
·
米德尔
顿
(Julia
Middleton)
来说，文化智商是一个很重要的问题。米德尔顿是伦敦非营
利机构
―
共同目的
‖(Common Purpose)
的创始人，该机构致力于培养领导
力。在全球化的世界，人们正努力成为
领导者并理解他人，基于对这一
事实及其重要性的思考，米德尔顿撰写了《文化智商》<
/p>
(Cultural
Intelligence)
一书，
副标题：
―
跨国领导
者的竞争力
‖
。
该书已于
5
月出版。
她在书中写道，自己得到了哈佛大学
(Harvard University)
管理实践教授
威廉
·
W·
乔治
(William W. George)
的启发，
< br>―
他跳过了对文化智商的传统
学术认识，给了它一个合理
的全球视角。
‖
Together
with Ronald Arculli, a political and cultural
figure in Hong Kong
and the chairman of
Common Purpose Hong Kong, Ms. Middleton in a
written interview talks about C.Q., the
―flying dead,‖ how people who only
speak English are missing out, and how
China, a place that traditionally has
been inward looking, could fit into the
paradigm. All answers are from Ms.
Middleton, unless marked ―R.A.‖ for Mr.
Arculli.
米德尔顿与香港的政治和文化名人、共同目
的香港分会主席夏佳理
(Ronald Arculli)
一起
，
在书面采访中谈到了文化智商、
―
飞
尸
‖(flying dead)
，
只
讲英语的人为何错过了很多东西，
以及中国这个传统上只关注自身的
国家如何适应这样的范式。除了标注为来自夏佳理的言论，
其他所有的
回答均来自米德尔顿。
Q. Can you
define for us “cultural intelligence”? How did you
develop
your idea and what does it
promise?
问：
你能给我们定
义一下
“
文化智商
”
< br>吗？你如何产生了自己的观点，
文
化智商会带来什么？<
/p>
A. Cultural intelligence, in
my view, is the ability to cross divides and
thrive
in multiple cultures.
答：
在我看来，
文化智商在于跨越界限，
在不同文化中茁壮发展的能力。
I developed
the idea from my father, who was a trader and
traveled
extensively. He saw more and
more leaders starting to join him on the
planes. He used to worry that the world
would be run by these leaders, who
called themselves global simply because
they traveled, but were what he
called
the flying dead
—
leaders
who travel constantly, touching down
frequently and who are expected to
deliver with no real idea where they are,
who quantify their C.Q. in air miles.
Instead, they should be the bridge
builders of the world, making it more
coherent.
我是从父亲的经历中萌发出的这种想法。
他是一名交易员，
去过很多地
方。他发现飞机上出现了越来越多
的领导者。他曾经担心，我们的世界
就掌控在这些领导者手中。就因为到过很多地方，<
/p>
他们就自认为很国际
化，但实际上，我父亲把他们叫做
―
飞尸
‖——
频繁地出差
、抵达世界各
地，却根本不了解自己所到的地方，只会用飞行里程来量化文化智商。
而他们本来应该成为在这个世界搭建桥梁的人，让世界更有凝聚力。
When I started writing this book, I
kn
ew C.Q. was important. Now that I’ve
finished, I think I underestimated its
importance. I think C.Q. will define the
winners: the winning leaders; the
winning cultures; the winning cities and
the winning countries. What will cause
them to thrive and ultimately
succeed
will be their ability not simply to cope with, but
fully to benefit
from, the
heterogeneous nature of organizations and society.
我开始写这本书的时候，就知道文化智商很重要。而当我完成此书时，
< br>我认为自己低估了它的重要性。
我认为文化智商在未来将是成功的关键：
成功的领导者；成功的文化；成功的城市，以及成功的国家。让它们蓬
勃
发展并最终成功的，将不仅仅是应对各种各样的组织和社会的能力，
而是从中受益的能力
。
Ultimately, I think C.Q.
is about openness; a refusal to lock yourself in
your
own culture, behind a door you
refuse to open; a belief that other cultures
will enrich yours rather than dilute
it; a willingness to use all encounters
—
whether helpful
or grim
—
to build your C.Q.
归根结底，我认为文化智商意味着开放；
意味着拒绝在自己的文
化中固
步自封，拒绝推开你面前的大门；意味着相信其他文化会增强，而不是
稀释你自己的文化；
意味着愿意利用所有机遇
——
无论是有益的，
还是
不令人愉快的
——
来提高自己的文化智商。
Q. Here in China everyone is familiar
with I.Q. Increasingly, people
know of
E.Q. But C.Q.? How will you get the message
across?
问：在中国，人人都很熟悉智商这个概念。人
们也开始逐渐了解情商。
但是文化智商是什么呢？你如何把自己的观念传播出去呢？
A. It will happen naturally
as more Chinese leaders travel, lead international
teams, work in places like Africa, as
their children want more and they have
to learn to motivate them in teams, as
the management of larger
(increasingly
magnet cities where the world’s most talented
young people
will convene) cities
requires a more collaborative effort, as the
corporates
with global aspirations
realize that they need employees with C.Q. and
seek
that talent. As they realize that
they need more than simply the E.Q. to lead
people ―like themselves.‖
答：
这个过程将是自然而然的，因为越来越多的中国领导者会到世界
各
地游历，领导国际团队，在非洲那样的地方工作；因为他们的孩子会有
更高的志向，
他们也不得不学会在团队中激励孩子们；
因为大型城市
（这
些城市的吸引力会越来越强，
世界上最有才能的青年会聚集到那里）的
管理更加需要合作；
< br>因为有国际抱负的企业会意识到他们需要有文化智
商的雇员，并寻找这种人才。因
为他们会意识到，要
―
像自己人一样
‖
领
导别人，需要的不只是情商。
Q. Can you talk a bit about the
leadership work you’ve done in
Shanghai
and Hong Kong? What are the greatest strengths you
see of
people emerging from the Chinese
education system? What are the
greatest
weaknesses?
问：
能讲讲
你在上海和香港开展的和领导力有关的工作吗？你认为从中
国的教育制度走出来的人最大
的优点是什么？最大的缺点呢？
A. Greatest
strength, I.Q. To the extent they almost seem to
be born with
this and the system
certainly sharpens this. This leads to a lot of
focus in
their leadership and approach
to life. The education system is also extremely
competitive and builds a lot of drive
and ambition to achieve things.
答：最大的优点
是智商。在某种程度上，他们几乎仿佛是天生具有颇高
的智商，
而教育制度无疑让这一点得到了强化。这导致人们非常关注他
们的领导力和生活方式。<
/p>
中国的教育制度充满了极其激烈的竞争，
塑造
了大量实现目标的动力和志向。
Greatest
weaknesses
—
almost in
contradiction to the above, the greatest
weakness is over focus and sometimes a
lack of ability and desire to see
context.
最大的弱点
——<
/p>
几乎与上述情况相矛盾，
最大的缺点是过于专注，
有时
缺少观察背景的能力和愿望。
Q. Is C.Q. something that people,
especially children, who have grown
up
internationally will practice naturally? Or is it
something that is still
far from the
norm?
问：
在跨国环境下长大的
人，
尤其是孩子的文化智商会自然而然地得到
练习吗？还是说文
化智商距离进入主流有着很长一段路？
A.
Children perhaps do have it naturally, the trouble
is that they unlearn it
fast as they
get more boxed in and develop the conviction that
whatever
world they have been born into
is the only or best one. Travel helps a lot,
though sometimes there is the illusion
of travel, people from the east or west
travel to enclaves of their own worlds
in new worlds. Then they are almost
more dangerous, convinced that they
have C.Q. but all they really have is
stamps on their passports.
答
：或许孩子的确天生具备文化智商，但问题是，随着他们接触到更多
的条条框框，
并逐步认为不管自己降生到一个什么样的世界，
这个世界
都是唯一或最好的，他们就会迅速忘记文化智商。游历大有帮助，尽管
有时候
会出现一种游历带来的错觉，东方人或西方人会去到新世界里，
他们自己世界的飞地。这
种情况下就很危险了，他们会自以为拥有文化
智商，但其实真正有的不过是护照上的印章
。
Take for example students
who travel to study and spend their time
becoming engineers or economists and
learn nothing about the place they
have
studied and lived in, or the fellow students, more
than likely from
many different
countries, that they have lived or studied
alongside. The
number of them is going
to double from four to eight million a year by
2020.
[Source: Unesco]
比如，一些
学生出国留学，为成为工程师或经济学家付出了时间，但对
他们学习和生活的地方，或与
他们一起生活或学习的同学却一无所知，
而这些同学很可能来自许多不同的国家。到
2020
年，全世界留学生人
数将从每年<
/p>
400
万的水平上增加一倍，到每年
80
0
万。
（数据来源：联
合国科教文组织
）
The only guarantee of C.Q.
is parents, educators and employers who
encourage curiosity and don’t stamp out
difference.
文化智商唯一的保障是，鼓励好奇心
、不压制分歧的父母、教育工作者
和雇主。
Q. Hong Kong is the quintessential
intercultural city, and has been for a
long time. Can you, or Ronald Arculli,
explain where you see Hong
Kong fitting
into the C.Q. map; what does the city have to
contribute to
the world?
问：香港是典型的跨文化城市，而且这种情况已经持续很长时间了。你
或夏佳理能解释一下，
香港在文化智商版图上处于什么位置吗？以及这
< br>个城市能向世界贡献什么？
A. [R.A.]
Hong Kong is truly a global city. Its growth and
evolution through
history makes it a
city which is quintessentially about C.Q. This
C.Q. was