英语考试复习资料二
-
最新专升本英语复习资料
第一节
概
念
一、开音节
以发音的元音字母结尾、以“元音字母
+
不发音的
e
”结尾、以“一个元
音字母
+
一个辅音字母
(r
除外
)+
不发音的
e
”结尾
的音节都叫开音节。
如：
no
，
be
，
note.
★发音的元音字母：
a
，
e
，
i
，
o
，
u
二、闭音节
以
“一个元音字母
+
一个或几个辅音
字母
(r
除外
)
”
结尾的音节叫闭音节。
如：
map
，
plan
，
west.
三、
r
音节
以“元音字母
+r
< br>”构成的音节叫
r
音节。如：
c
ar
，
doctor
，
teacher
，
dirty.
词汇与语法
40
个小
题，共
40
分。
从
200
2
，
2003
年的考题看，语法占
20
――
25
分。
第一节
名
词
(null)
大纲要求掌握：
一、可数名词与不可数名词
二、可数名词的复数形式
三、名词的所有格
四、名词在句子中的作用
一、可数名词与不可数名词
名词分可数与不可数两种。
可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个
体。如
table
，
country.
或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如
family
，
people
，
committee
，
police.
不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如
air
，
tea
，
furniture
，
water.
或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等
抽象概念。如
work
，
information
，
advice
，
happiness.
有些名词
在一种场合下是可数名词，在另一种场合下是不可数名词。
如
room
房间
(
可数
)
，空间
(
不可数
)
time
时间
(
不可数
)
，次数
(
可数
)
fish
鱼
(
不可数
)
，各种各样的鱼
(
可数
)
比较下列例句：
There are nine rooms in the
house. (
房间，可数名词
)
There isnt enough room for
us three in the car .
(
空间，不可
数名词
)
不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。
如：
一块肉
a piece of meat
两条长面包
two loaves of bread
三件家具
three articles of furniture
一大笔钱
a large sum
of money
二、可数名词的复数形式
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下：
1.
一般
情况下在名词后加
-s.
如：
girl
s
，
books.
★浊辅音、元音结尾，
s
发
[z]
2.
以
s
，
x
，
ch
，
sh
结尾的词在名词后加
-es.
如：
glasses
，
boxes
，
matches
，
bushes.
★以
s
，
x
，
ch
，
sh
结尾，
es
发
[iz]
3.
“辅音字母
+y
”结尾的词，变
y
为
i
再加
-es.
如：
city-
cities
，
country-
countries.
4.
以
o
结尾的词多数加
-es.
如：
heroes
，
tomatoes
，
potatoes.
radios
，
zoos
，
photos
，
pianos
，
kilos
例外。
5.f
，
fe
结尾的词，多数变
f
，
fe
为
v
再加
-es.<
/p>
如：
thief-
thieves
，
leaf-
leaves
，
half-
halves
，
life-
lives
，
wife-
wives
，
knife-knives.
少
数
名
词
有
不
规
则
的
复
数
形
式
。
< br>如
：
man-
men
，
woman-
women
，
foot-
feet
，
tooth-
teeth
，
child-
children
，
mouse-mice.
★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。
个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一
样的。如
Chineses
，
Japanese
，
sheep
，
deer.
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格表示所属关系，
起形容词的作用。
当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加
s .
如
：
Jeans
room
，
my
daughter-in-laws
friends
，
my
daughters-in-laws
friends
，
childrens books.
如果名词已经有了复数词尾
s
，
则只需加。如：
the
teachers
books
，
my parents car.
时间名词的所有格在后面加
s
，
复数加
.
如：
todays
newspaper
，
five
minutes walk.
<
/p>
当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由“
of
< br>”短语构成。
如：
the
top
of
the
world
，
the
cover
of
the
book
，
Chinas
capital.
加
s
或
的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。
如：
the
grocers
，
the
tailors
，
the Smiths .
★名词所有格考试常见部分是
名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加
s.
时间名词所有格在其后加
s
，或复数名词后直接加。
四、名词在句子中的作用
名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语，
有时可
以作状语。
名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须
与主语
保持一致。
1.
主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动
词用单数形式
;
主语是复数时，谓语
动
词用复数形式。
All roads lead to
Rome.(
条条大路通罗马。
)
His brother is an
industrial engineer.
The number of the students attending
the party is increasing.
★
the number of
表示
数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动
词是单数形式。
Two-thirds of
the shop belongs to me.
★
two-thirds
三分之二
几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。
belong to
属于某人
Both of us are studying English.
★总结：在名词作主语时，
the number of
谓语动词单数形式
;
几分之几，谓语单数形式
;
both
谓语使用复数形式。
2
、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动
名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单
数形式。
All the money
he received was given to his mother.
Forgetting the past means
betrayal.
What
we are talking now is useless.
3.
主语部分若有
as well
as
，
with
，
together
with
，
like
，
but
，
except
等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。
Mary
，
as
well
as
her
two
sisters
，
is
a
student
of
this
school.
(as well as her two sisters
作主语
Mary
的主语补足语，主语<
/p>
Mary
是单数，所以谓语动词用复数形式
)
No one except my friends
knows anything about it.
<
/p>
4.
表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当
作整
体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
“…
+(
×
)
…
=
…”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形
式。
Three times
two is six.
Three kilometers is
3
，
ooo metres. (three
kilometers
作为整体
来看
)
，
neither
作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Neither of us
has been to Italy.
Has either of them been to Shanghai?
none
代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代
表不可数的东西时，谓语
动词用单数形式。
None of the students have/has seen the
film.
None of
the money belongs to me.
<
/p>
6.
主语由
either
…
or
，
neither<
/p>
…
nor
，
not
only
…
but
also
连接时，
谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定
。
Not only you but also I am wrong.
Neither my aunt
nor I am going out this afternoon.
Either you or she is to do
the work.
7.
主语中有
and
，如果表示单一概念，谓语动
词用单数。
The bread and butter is nice.
8.
主语前有
many
a
，
more than
one
修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a book has
been read by the students.
★
many a book=many books
More than one
person has been to the Great Wall.
9.
集合名词作主语，当作整体看待
时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每
个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。
The
committee meets once a year.
(
作为整体
)
The committee are having a
meeting now. (
作为独立个体
)
People
，
police
作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The police have
come to arrest him.
名词部分考试重点
1
、可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几
个词是不可数名词。
2
、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。
3
、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加
s
，复数加。
4
、名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的
9
点。
考点测试
days
______
long
enough
for
Mr.
Carter
to
finish
his
design.
He doesnt need any
more.
A. is B.
has been C. was D. had been
ten days
作为一个整体看
待，谓语用单数形式。
(
注意时态
)
答案
A
2.
Now
，
many people use the
word Ms instead of Miss or
Mrs
，
for
example
，
before the names of
______ in business letters.
A. woman manager B. women
manager C. woman managers D. women
managers
names
是复数形式，其后的名词肯定是复数。
两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。
答案
D
3. The number of students
who failed the chemistry examination
_____ to fifteen.
A.
have
increased
B.
has
increased
C.
is
increased
D.
are
increasing
the number of
谓语动词用单数。
答案
B
4. Neither John nor his
father _______ able to wake up early
enough to catch the morning train.
A. was B. were
C. would be D. have been
<
/p>
neither
……
nor
谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。
答案
A
5. The room is eight
_______ long.
A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets
foot
英尺，复数形式
feet
答案
C
6. When autumn
comes
，
the ______ of trees
begin to fall.
A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf
leaf
的复数形式
leaves
答案
C
7. The flood has done _____
to this area.
A. damages B. many damages C. much
damage D. damaging
8. Not only the students but also their
teacher ______ at the
meeting.
A.
was
present
B.
were
present
C.
have
been
presented
D.
has
been
presented
not
only
……
but also
谓语动词与相邻名词一致。
present
呈现，介绍
答案
A
9. One
of
the
things
she
wrote
about
______
life on
a
small farm
at the beginning
of the century.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
one of
谓语用单数。
答案
B
10. Only about one out of
twelve of the young men and women of
this country _____ college education.
A. receive B.
receives C. have received D. have been received
one out of
谓语用单数形式。
答案
B
11.
Never
before
______
so
many
people
been
engaged
in
producing
goods just for the
comfort of man.
A. has B. have C. will D. would
never
before
开头，句子倒装。
主语
so many
people
为复数。
engage in doing sth.
忙于做某事。
答案
B
12. At the bus stop _______
a soldier and two young people on
their
way to North Carolina.
A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits
主语
a
soldier and two young
people
为复数
答案
A
13. There ______ the last
piece of cake and the last spoonful
of
ice cream.
A.
goes B. go C. gone D. was gone
主语
the last
piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice
cream
复数
答案
B
14.
Mr.
Brown
，
and
not
I
，
________
chosen
to
be
the
representative of the
class.
A. is B.
am C. are D. have been
主语
答案
A
15. The teacher
，
as well as a number of
students
，
_______ to
attend the party.
A. ask B. asks C. was asked
D. were asked
谓语动词与
as well
as
前面的名词一致。
答案
C
16.
The
hostess
together
with
the
guests
of
honor
________
comfortably in the living room.
A. was seated
B. seated C. were seated D. were seating
谓语与
together with
前的名词一致
be seated
就坐
Please be seated ladies and gentlmen.
Seat the boy
next to his brother.
答案
A
17.
The
father
，
rather
than
the
brothers
，
_______
responsible
for the
accident.
A. is
B. are C. have been D. has
主语
the father
，单数
be responsible for
对……负责
答案
A
18.
Either
Carol
or
Grace
______
to
the
concert
，
but
one
of
them
has to stay home.
A. is coming B. are coming
C. will coming D. have come
either
……
or
谓语动词与临近主语一致。
答案
A
19. The total amount of
money ______ 100 dollars.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
money
不可数名词，谓语动词单数。
答案
A
20. Great quantities of
fish _____ on high seas.
A. is caught B.
第二节
冠
词
(1-4~2-2)
大纲要求：
1
、不定冠词的基本用法
2
、定冠词的基本用法
3
、不加
冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法
冠词是一种虚词，只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分为定冠词
< br>(the)
和不冠词
(a
或
an)
两类，定冠词表示特指，不定
冠词表
示泛指。
a
用于读音以辅音开头的词前面，
an
用于读音以元音开头的词前面。
如：
a
university
，
a useful
book
，
an
umbrella
，
a
horse
，
an
honest
man.
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1.
表示“一”的含义。
Give me a pen
please.
We go
shopping twice a week.
2.
泛指某个人或东西。
Yesterday we
visited an English secondary school.
She picked up a magazine
and began to read.
3.
表示一类人或东西。
He works as a
language teacher in that university.
As a
writer
，
he is successful.
Even a child
can answer this question.
可数名词单数出现，泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。一个可数名词
的单数不能自己单独出现。
二、定冠词的基本用法
1.
表示特定的人或东西。
Give me the
magazine.
Have
you decided on the prices yet?
The book on the table is an
English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
2.
复述前文提到的人或东西。
Last
week
，
I
saw
a
flim.
The
film
is
about
a
love
story
between
two
middle-aged people.
The old man
saw a house in
the field. He went into the house and
found a beautiful girl sitting there
and singing.
3.
用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。
the poor
穷人
the rich
富人
the wounded
受伤的人
the sick
生病的人
the
beautiful
美丽的事物
the old
老年人
the young
年青人
4.
用于
表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。
the
moon
，
the
sun
，
the earth
The moon moves aroud the
earth.
We have
friends all over the world.
Dont build castles in the
air.
5.
< br>用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级
前面的
the
可以省略。
January is the first month
of the year.
The sun rises in the east.
Japan lies to the east of
China.
Beijing
lies in the north of China.
Ireland lies on the Great
Britain.
At
the
Childrens
Palace
，
some
children
learn
to
play
the
piano
，
others learn to play the violin.
Last week we
went to the theatre.
Among the three girls she speaks
English the best.
“东、南、西、北”作副词时，前面不加冠词。
We are walking
south.
形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。
Monday is my
busiest day.
6.
用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。
The Lius have
moved to Guangzhou.
The Simths came to China for visit in
1996.
7.
不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表示
特定部分、特
定内容时，前面需加定冠词。
Drink some water.
Is the water in the well
fit for drink?
What do you think of the music?
He cant take
the advice his mother gives him.
三、不加冠词的基本规则
1.
季节
、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。
If winter comes can spring be far
behind?
We have
few classes on Sunday.
10.1 is National Day.
2.
表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词
前通常不加冠词，但乐器前需加定
冠词。
What did you
have for lunch?
Dinner is ready.
Lets go and watch them play
chess.
My elder
brother likes to play football.
The boys are learnig to
play the guitar.
play the piano
play the violin
3.
有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。
at noon at
night at dawn at midnight in the morning
in the
afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town
in front of (at
the back of) at distance (in the distance)
as a whole on
the whole to catch cold to have a cold
冠词考试重点
冠词所占比例不大，一般是
1
分或
2
分。
1
、什么时候加定冠词。
2
、可数
名词单数出现，必须用
a
或
an
或定冠词修饰，不能单独出现。
3
、什么情况下，不用加冠词。
冠词易考：
1
、冠词修饰名词。
Please go _____
upstairs after you have finished the lunch.
upstairs
是副词，前面不需要加冠词。
2
、可数名词单数泛指，前面加不定
冠词。
an
用于读音以元音开头的单
词
前。
Reading English story books is a good
way of improving your
English.
I have been
waiting for him for half an hour.
3
、名词特指时，前面加定冠词。
He
is
enjoying
his
stay
in
Denmark
，
but
has
some
difficulty
with
the language.
Is the water from the tap fit for
drink?
4
、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指，前面不加冠词
;
大部分专有名
词前也不加冠词。
As we
know
，
the most dangerous
enemies are those who pretend
to be
friends.
They
left for work after supper.
The film includes some
recently discovered newsreels of World
War II .(the Sencond World War)
5
、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。
Without any
news from Tom for a long
time
，
his father left for
Shanghai to see him.
They will travel by air.
I will help you
for the sake of your sister.(for the sake of
因
为
)
I will go to school on
foot.
My mother
is in hospital.
He has been in prison for two years.
典型例题
1. ______ film
includes some recently discovered newsreels of
_______ World War II.
A. The; the B. A; the C.
The; / D. A; /
World War II
是专有名词
答案：
C
2. Can you play
_____?
A. piano
B. pianos C. a piano D. the piano
答案：
D
3.
“
Youve been very busy
lately.
”
“
So busy I
havent had time to clean my house. There is _____
wherever you
look.
”
A. dust B. a dust C. the
dust D. dusts
dust
是不可数名词
答案：
A
4. The station?
Take the second turning _______.
A.
to
left
then
go
straight
on
B.
on
the
left
，
then
go
straight
on
C.
to
left
，
then
go
right
forward
D.
to
the
left
，
then
go
right
forward
on the left
在左边
答案：
B
5. My mother usually has _____ bed.
A. the
breakfast B. breakfast in
C. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in
the
in bed
躺在床上
答案：
B
in the bed
在床里面
6. He stole the
money and they put him _________.
A. at prison B. at the
prison C. in prison D. in the prison
in prison
进监狱
答案：
C
7.
Even
on
Sundays
，
fewer
people
go
to
______
church
than
before.
A. the B. a C. / D. that
go to church
去教堂
go to school
去学校
go to bed
上床睡觉
go
to
college
去大学
答案：
C
8. _________ look much
alike.
A.
Smiths sisters B. Smith sisters C. Two Smith
sisters D. The
Smith sisters
表示一家人，前面加
the
答案
D
代
词
(2-2~3-3)
包括
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系
代词、
不定代词及其用法。
一、人称代词
人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称
和单数、复数之分，在句子中可以
作主语和宾
语。英语中有下列人称代词：
在并列的主语或宾语中，
I
或
me
通常放在后面。如：
Liping and I are in charge
of the work.
My
farther
asks
my
sister
and
me
to
have
dinner
with
him
tomorrow.
二、物主代词
物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子
中作定
语，名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语
(
接在
of
后面
)
。
英语中有下列物主代词：
名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型
的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。
如：
My bag
is yellow
，
his(his bag) is
black and theirs(their
bags)
are brown.
三、反身代词
英语中有下列反身代词：
反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如：
Please help
yourself to some tea.(
宾语
)
The boy is too
young to look after
himself.(
宾语
)
Ill be myself again in no
time.(
表语
)
The desk itself is not so
heavy. (
同位语
)
I fixed the door myself.
(
同位语
)
四、指示代词
指示代词包括
this
，
that
，
these
，
those
和
such
，在句子中可以
作主语、定语、表语
、宾语等
(such
不作宾语
)
。
that
和
those
有
时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，
以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用
the one
或
that one
来代替。用
the one
的时候更多一些。如：
These machines are better
than those we turned out last year.
生产
The
oil
output
of
this
year
is
much
higher
than
that
of
last
year.
产量
The best wine is that from France.
My room is
lighter than the one next door.
Ill take the seat next to
the one by the window.
The film is more funny than that one.
that
可以指上面提到的事情，
this
指下面要谈的事情。如：<
/p>
They
have no time to read the books. Thats their
trouble.
She
was ill yesterday. Thats why she was absent.
I want to know
this
：
How much money we have
left?
What I
want to say is this
：
Pronunciation is very important in
learning English.
this
和
that
有时还可以用来表示程度。如：
I dont want that much.
He is not that
wise.
The book
is about this thick.
五。疑问代词
疑问代词包括
what
，
which
，
who
，
whom
，
whose
，
可以用来构成
特殊疑问句，也可以引导名词从句。
What
，
which
，
who
在句子中作主语
或宾
语，
whom
作宾语，
whose
作定语。如：
Who is
speaking? (
主语
)
Which do you
prefer
，
the yellow one or
the white one? (
宾语
)
Whats your
sister?(
表语
)
The man who is talking with
my mother is an
engineer.(
引导定
从句
)
The old man
whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of
the department.
(
引导定从句
)
This is the plane which
will fly to Wuhan this afternoon.
(
引
导定从句
)
I dont remember
whom I have lent my dictionary to.
(
引导宾语
从句
)
疑问代词
what
，
which
，
who
，
whom
后面可以加
ever
来加重语气。
如：
< br>
Whoever can
be calling at this time of the night
?
谁这么深更
半夜来找人
?
Ill say
whatever comes into my head.
Take whichever book you
like.
六。不定代词
不定代词包括
both
，
either
，
neither
，
all
，
none
，
no
，
one
，
each
，
every
，
few
，
a
few
，
little
，
a
little
，
many
，
much
，
some
，
any
，
other
，
another
，
以及
some
，
any
，
no
，
every
构成的合成代词。
(
一
)bo
th
，
either
，
neither
both
表示
“两者
(
都
)
”
，
either
表示
“
(
两者之中
)
任何一个”
，
neither
< br>表示
“
(
两者之中
)
没有一个”
。
三个词在句
子中都可以作主语、
宾语、
定语，
bo
th
还可以作同位语。
My sister is good at
planning her time so that she always has
enough time for both work and play.(be
good at
擅长做某事
)
Neither of the answers is
right.
Either
of the books belongs to you.
You and I are both to
blame.
You both
agreed to stay.
Both
放在实意动词前，系动词
be
的后面。
(
二
)all
，
none
，
no
，
one
all
和
n
one
用于三者以上的场合，分别表示“全部都”和“一个都没
有”
，
none
往往与
of
连用。
All of us are fond of
sports.(be fond of
爱好
)
We are all for
him.(be for sb
支持某人
)
Grasp
all
，
lose all.
什么
都抓，什么都抓不住。
(
谚
)
None of them
know how to read and write.
A friend to all is a friend
to none.
滥交者无友。
(
谚
)
None of us are perfect.
None of them has had that
kind of experience.
no
表示“没有”
，在句子中只能作定语，相当于<
/p>
not
a
或
not
any
，
not
否定动词，
no
否定名词。
Time and tide wait for no man.
< br>岁月不等人。
(
谚
)
No man is born
wise.
没有人是生来聪明的。
(
谚
)
Im no dancer. (Im not a dancer.)
one
指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠词，可以有自己的定语，
还可以有复数形式。<
/p>
Your
answer is a good one.
I dont like coloured envelopes. I like
white ones.
I
havent got a raincoat. Ill have to buy one.
(
三
)each
，
every
each
和
every
表示“每一个”
，
every
在句子中只能作定语，
each
可
以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。
The
headmaster
shook
hands
with
each
of
the
teacher.(shake
hands
with
握手
)
The
students
try
to
set
aside
a
little
money
each
month.(set
aside
节约
)
From each according to his
ability
，
to each according
to his
needs(work)
。各尽所能，按需分配
。
I
have
every
reason
to
believe
that
she
can
finish
the
job
well.
There is every
possibility of our winning the game.
every
还常用在
every little while (
每隔一会
)
，
ever
y other day
，
every
three
days(
每隔两天
)
，
every
ten
miles(
每
隔十英里
)
，
every
now
and
then
(
不时
)
，
every
four
years
，
every
other
line
，
one
out
of
every
three
students.
(
四
)fe
w
，
a
few
，
little
，
a
little
，
many
，
much
few
，
a
few
，
many
修饰或指代可数名词，
little
，
a
little
，
much
修饰或指代不可数名词。
few
，
little
表示否定，
a
few
，
a
little
表示肯定，
much
常
用于否定句中。
Many hands make light work.
人多好办事。
(
谚
)
Few words are
best.
话少最好。
(
谚
)
They
don
‘
t take much interest in
it.
I know
little about it.
There
‘
s a little
water left in the jar.
Few of them have been to India.
I
‘
ve read a few
books written by Dickens.
(
五
)other
，
the other
，
others
，
the
others
，
another
Forty people came to the
meeting. Two of them were from
Japan
，
the others
from America.
Many people came to attend the meeting.
Some were from Japan
，
others were from America.
The
United
States
，
unlike
many
other
countries
，
receives
a
large
number of immigrants every year from
all over the world.
The twin sisters are so alike that we
find it difficult to tell
one from the
other.(so
……
that
如此以至于
tell sb. from
区分
)
Some
students
are
watering
the
flowers
，
others
are
weeding
the
fields.
The task will be finished in another
three days.
Four of them are in the classroom. What
about the others?
Please give me another example to
illustrate your point.
There
are
three
apples
on
the
table.
One
is
for
my
mother
，
another
is for my father and the third is for
me.
七、
it
的用法
1.
指代一个人或事物。
Its only a
fifteen-minute ride to my school.
It often rains in the south
of China.
“
Whos
that?
”
“
Its
Liming.
”
Its early spring.
2.
作句
子的形式主语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
It took me five minutes to
finish reading the exercise.
It cost me five yuan to buy
the pen.
The
color TV set costs me more than
2
，
000 yuan.
I spent ten hours in
finishing the work.
I spent twenty yuan on the shirt.
It is no use
crying now. Youd better study hard now.(it is no
use doing sth. )
To his
surprise
，
it turned out that
Tom failed the entrance
examination.(to
ones surprise
使某人感到惊奇
)
Its a pity that
you didnt watch the match.
It is necessary for us to have some
exercise every day.
3.
作句子的形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
They all
regard it their duty to help the poor people.
I
dont
think
it
worthwhile
taking
so
much
trouble.(Its
worthwhile
doing.
做……事是值得的
)
We find it
difficult to learn English without practicing.
I think it no
use telling them.
I dont think it very important that we
should take part in the
discussion.(take part in
参加
)
He feels it his duty to help others.
4.
构成
强调句型。当强调的部分是主语，并且主语是人时，句型中的
that
也可以换作
who.
强调句基本构成
it is
that
…
It is in the room that we
met each other for the first time.
It
was
not
until
1936
that
basketball
became
a
part
of
the
Olympic
Games.(not until
直到……才
)
It was they who attended
the meeting last week.
It is because the book is so useful for
my work that I bought
it.
考试重点
that
和
those
有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，
以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用
the one
或
that one
来代替。
that
可以
指上面提到的事情，
this
指下面要谈的事情。<
/p>
不定代词中，
both
放在实意动词前，系动词
be
的后面
。
every
只能
跟名词，
each
可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。
every
在代词部分要出现当每隔……
讲。
few
，
a
few
，
many
修饰或指代可数名词，
little
，
a
little
，
mu
ch
修饰或指代不可数名词。
few
，
little
表示否定。
one the
other
，
some
others
，
the others
it
用法
重点就是强调句。
it
作为形式宾语时不接
is.
代词部分的难点之一
是名词型物主代词与形容词型物主代词的区别。
顾名思义，形容词型物主代词起的是形容
词的作用，在句子中只能作定语，名
词型物主代词起的是名词的作用，代替上文出现的名
词，在句子中一般作主语、
宾语、表语等。
Lets clean
their room first and ______ later.
A. our B. us C. we D. ours
(
答案为
D
，
ours
相当于
our room.)
代词部分的主要考核点是不定代词。如
some
，
any
，
few
，
a
few
，
little
，
a
little
，
many
，
much
，
one
，
none
，
all
，
both
，
either
，
neither
，
each
，
every
，
other
，
another
，
以及
some
，
any
，
no
，
every
与
body
，
one
，
thing
构成的合成代词。
(1)
泛指与特指。如：
another
，
other
，
others
是泛指，
the
other
，
the others
是特指。
(2)
肯定与否定。如：
a
few
，
a
little
，
either
，
some
及其合成
代词表示肯定，
few
，
little
，
none
，
neither
，
any
及其合成代词表示否
定。
(3)
可
数与不可数。如：
few
，
a
few
，
many
，
one
修饰或指代可数
名词，
little
，
a little
，
much
修饰或指代不可数名词。
代词部分的另一个考核点是
it.
it
可以代替上文出现的单数事物。
The picture was changed
while drawn from memory as it passed
through the class. (it
指代
the picture.)
it takes sb. some time to
do sth.
花费某人多长时间做某事
It takes half
an hour or so to walk to the bus stop.
He made it plain that he
was annoyed with me.
it
还可以构成强调句型，即“
It
is
/
was
+
被强调的部分
+
that
…”
。
当强调的部分是人，并且是主语时，
that
可以换成
who.
强调句去掉
it
is
/
was
< br>与
that
即成为普通的句子。
It was last
night that I saw you in the restaurant.
It was she who
/ that suggested that he go to New York in order
to get a direct flight.
典型例题
1.
“
How often do you take the
medicine ?
”
“
______ four
hours.
”
A. For B. Any C. Every D.
Each
答案
C
2.
“
Is this bike
yours?
”
“
No
，
its ______.
”
A. Bob B. Bobs C. Bobs D.
Bobs
答案
C
3.
“
Is there
______ good on TV this
evening?
”
“
Sorry
，
nothing good.
”
A. nothing B. something C. anything D.
everything
肯定句中
用
something
，否定句和疑问句中用
< br>anything.
答案
C
4. You have a good
suggestion
，
but its not as
practical as
_______.
A. he B. him C. his D. her
答案
C
5. A chemist
prepares his experiments carefully before trying
to carry _____ in his lab.
A. it out B. out it C. them
out D. out them
carry
out
实施
宾格放在词组中间，
名词放在词组后面。
如，
carry
out
his experiments
答案
C
6. Nowadays
_____ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls. That is
why
many
companies
have
developed
special
foods
to
help
people
to
slim(
苗
条
)
。
A.
everyone B. anybody C. somebody D. no one
enjoy doing
sth.
anybody
在疑问句和否定句中指没有人，在肯定句中指任何人。
答案
D
7. You have to
hurry up if you want to buy eggs because theres
hardly _____ left.
A. anything B. something C.
nothing D. everything
hardly
否定词，几乎不的意思。
答案
A
8. He felt bad because he
had drunk too _____ the night before.
A. many B. much C. few D.
little
本题主要考查可数名词和不可数名词。
drink too much
喝多了
too much wine
太多的酒
答案
B
9.
She
promised
her
parents
to
write
_______
while
she
was
away.
A. other day B. another day C. every
other day D. any other day
every other
每隔……
答案
C
10. It was
terrible. One passenger was
killed
，
and _____ was
badly hurt.
A. the others B. rest C. the rest D.
the other
he
others
后面谓语动词接复数。
答案
D
11. Some people hope to be
more successful while _____ simply
want
to feel more comfortable.
A. the others B. others C. the other D.
another
some
others
comfortable
舒适的
答案
B
12.
If
anyone
happens
to
call
while
I
am
out
of
the
office
，
please
have ________ leave a message for me .
A. he B. him C.
they D. them
have sb. do sth.
让某人做某事
答案
B
13.
The
first
thing
that
my
brother
and
_______
did
in
the
early
morning
was to go out to see the pony.
A. I B. me C. mine D. my
pony
小马
主语
first
thing
，谓语动词
was
to
go
out
to
see
，宾语
the
pony.
答案
A
14.
“
Id like some
more bananas.
”
“
Im
sorry
，
there is _______
left.
”
A. no B. some C. few D.
none
答案
D
15. There are two windows in this
bedroom. _______ of them face
south
，
overlooking a beautiful park.
A. Both B. One C. The two
D. Either
either
开头谓语动词要接单数，
both
谓语动词用复数。
答案
A
16. The jacket doesnt fit
Terry
，
as he has _______
huge body
and the jacket is _____
small.
A. such
a; such B. such a; so
C. so so D. so such a
such
修饰名词，
so
修饰形容词。
so huge the body
答案
B
17.
“
Why are you
smiling?
”
“
Oh
，
Ive just thought of
_________.
”
A. funny something B.
something funny
C. nothing funny D. funny anything
形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面。
不定代词：
something
，
anything
，
somebody
，
anybo
dy
，
nothing
，
nobody.
答案
B
18. Young babies can use _________ hand
equally well.
A. either B. each C. both D. every
强调两者之中任何一个
答案
A
19. _______ road out of
town is good
，
but this one
is better
than the other.
A. Both B. All C. None D.
Neither
答案
D
20.
“
I felt a bit
hungry.
”
“
Why dont you
have ______ bread?
”
A. any B. some
C. little D. a piece
习语
Why dont you have
some
……
答案
B
21. It was at the music
hall _______ we met each other for the
first time.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
强调句
答案
D
22. Modern
technology has made ______ possible for the whole
world to be closer than ever before.
A. this B. that
C. it D its
it
is possible
……是可能的
答案
C
23. It is
during his spare time _______ John has been
studying
a course in French.
A. when B. that
C. which D. what
it is
……
强调句
答案
B
24.
“
Have you
heard the news about Tom?
”
“
No
，
what _______ ?
”
A. was it B. were they C.
are they D. is it
news
当消息讲是不可数名词
答案
D
25. I wonder
why ________ possible for you to do the work by
yourself.
A. you B. you are C. it isnt D. you
were
I wonder
why
宾语从句
答案
C
26.
“
Did Amys parents leave her
any money?
”
“
No
，
she has to support ______
now.
”
A. herself B. by herself C.
all alone D. on her own
support oneself
养活自己
答案
A
27.
In
_____
own
way
，
mathematics
can
be
as
creative
and
exciting
as poetry.
A. it B. its C.
their D. theirs
mathematics
数学
(
单数
)
答案
B
28. Neighbors
ought to respect _______ .
A. themselves B. one another C. each
one D. to each other
答案
B
29. This furniture is different from
_______ .
A.
ones B. your C. that one D. that
furniture
是不可数名词，
答案
D
30. For
______ interested
in
nature
，
the club
offers hikes and
overnight
camping each week during the summer.
A. that B. this C. these D.
those
hike
徒步旅行，
overnight
campinng
在野外露营
答案
D
31.
“
May I help you with some
shoes
，
sir?
”
“
Yes
，
Id like to try on those brown _______
.
”
A. one B. ones C. two D. pair
shoes
是复数，对应
ones
try on
试穿
答案
B
32.
“
Do you like
the book Sidney gave you?
”
“
Very much. Its exactly
_______ I wanted.
”
A. one which B.
the one C. one that D. one what
下文提到上文提到的单数可数名词，用
the one
答案
B
33.
“
Shall I mail the letter for
you?
”
“
Yes
，
Id appreciate
________.
”
A. that you do B. you to do
it C. this D. it
指代前面提到的事，用
it.
答案
D
34. The patient chiefly
lived on milk and fruit because he had
______ to eat.
A. nothing else B. anything else C.
something other D. nothing
other
修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面。
live on
以……为生
答案
A
35. ________ doesnt matter
what you do at this point.
A. They B. All C. He D. It
it doesnt matter
没关系
答案
D
36.
People
have
proved
_________
to
be
true
that
the
heat
we
get
from coal
and oil comes from the sun.
A. that B. it C. this D. /
it
是
形式宾语，
that
从句是真正的宾语。
答案
B
37. I dont
think ________ possible to master a foreign
language
without much memory work.
A. it B. that
C. this D. those
答案
A
38.
“
Were
all
three
people
in
the
car
injured
in
the
accident?
”
“
No
，
______ only the two passengers who got
hurt.
”
A. it was B. there is C. it
were D. there was
强调句
答案
A
39. __________ he realized it was too
late to return home.
A. No sooner it grew dark than B.
Hardly it grew dark when
C. It was not until dark that D.
Scarcely it grew dark when
no sonner than=as soon as
一……就……
scarcely when=as soon as
hardly when=as
soon as
答案
C
40. It was not until she arrived in
class ________ realized she
had
forgotten her book.
A. and B. when she C. she D. that she
not until
直到……才
答案
D
41.
It
was
______
who
arrived
there
first
，
despite
our
detour(
绕
路
)
。
A. us B. we C.
our D. ours
答案
B
42. It was _______ the next morning
that Kunta began to think
about where
he was going.
A. after B. before C. when D. not until
after
在……之后
before
在……之前
when
当……时候
not until
直到……才
答案
D
43. It was _______ he got a
map that he started on his away.
A. until B. till C. not
until D. not till
until
直到
till
直到
not until
直到……才
答案
C
数
词
(3-3~4-1)
大纲要求
基数词及其用法
;
< br>序数词的构成及其用法
;
分数词的构成
< br>;
小数的用法。
一、基数词及其主要用法
表示数目的词称基数词。
15
fif
teen
，
几百几千不加
s
，
242
two
hundred
and
forty-two
，
5058
five
thousand
and
fifty-eight
，
9
，
600
，
000
nine
million
six
hundred thousand
1.
基数词可以用于数字的计算。
6+8=14 Six plus
eight is fourteen.
9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two.
7X5= 35 Seven
times five is thirty-five.
8
÷
4=2 Eight
divided by four is two.
2.
基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。
He died in his
fifties.
This
took place in 1990s/1990s.
The professor became successful in his
thirties.
3.
基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。
1700 seventeen
hundred
1814
eighteen fourteen
9
：
20 nine twenty
11
：
30 eleven
thirty/ half past eleven
5
：
45 five forty-
five/ a quarter to six
88760231 eight eight
seven
，
six zero
two
，
three one
4.
基数词可以用于编号。
Number
six
，
line
4
，
page
19
，
Bus(No.)
332
，
Platform (No.)
5
，
Room 101
5.
基数
词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。
A one-month-old baby can
recognize its mother by smell.
This eleven-month-old baby
can speak a few words.
(The baby is eleven months old.)
The teacher
asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as
our
homework.
(There are four thousand words in the
essay.)
This
four-paragraph
essay
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
understand.
(There are four paragraphs in this
essay. )
二、序数词及其主要用法
表示顺序的词称为序数词。如
fir
st
，
second
，
third
，
fourth
，
ninth
，
twenty-
first
，
forty-
fifth
等。
序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。
May the first
/ the first of
May(5.1)
，
August
the
eighth
/
the
eighth
of
August(8.8)
，
the
twentieth
century
，
the
twenty-first century
序数词在句子中前面一般加
the
The first of October is our
National Day.
She was the third to arrive.
序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词，表示“再一”又一“。
Theyll have to
do it a second time.
Shall I ask him a third time?
When he sat
down
，
a fourth man rose to
ask.
三、分数词的构成
分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，若分子大于<
/p>
1
，分母需
用复数。
two-
thirds(2/3)
，
one-
third(1/3)
，
nine-
tenths
(9/10)
，
five-
twelfths(5/12)
。
特殊表达法有：
one half
(1/2)
，
a quarter
(1/4)
，
three quarters
(3/4)
考试重点
基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语，名词不
能加
s.
< br>数词部分需特别注意
dozen
，
hundred
，
million
，
billion
等词。
表示具体数字时，这些词用单数形式，表示不具体的数字时，须用
dozens of
，
hundreds of
这类的结构。
I want three dozen of
these.
He has
been there dozens of times.
It is reported that _____
people in this area were saved in the
storm.
A. hundred B. hundred of C. hundreds of
D. some hundreds
(
答案
C)
当数词与名词及其他词构成合成形
容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字
符，则其中的名词须用单数形式。
The homework
for the next period is to write a two-hundred-word
composition about your hometown.
Mary is a
eleven-year-old girl.
(Mary is eleven years old.)
典型例题
1. In ______ century
computers will be used more widely.
A.
twenty-one
B.
the
twenty-one
C.
twenty-first
D.
the
twenty-
first
序数词前加
the.
答案
D
2. The meeting will be held
in _______ .
A.
112 Room B. Room 112 C. the 112 Room D. the Room
112
答案
B
3. The Great Wall of China is about
6
，
700 _______.
A. kilometer long B.
kilometers long
C. kilometer longer D. kilometers
longer
答案
B
4.
“
How many
presidents were there before Abraham
Lincoln?
”
“
Fifteen
< br>，
so he was
______.
”
A. the sixteen president B.
the sixteenth president
C. president sixteen D. president the
sixteenth
the
sixteenth president
第十六任总统
答案
B
5.
“
What did the professor tell
you to do?
”
“
I had to write
a ______ report.
”
A. two thousand
words B. two-thousands-word
C. two-thousand-word D.
two-thousand words
答案
C
6.
“
Did you buy
anything at the clothing
sale?
”
“
Yes
，
I bought three _____ ties for just twelve
dollars.
”
A. five dollars B. five-
dollars C. five-dollar D. fifth dollar
答案
C
7. Eight minus three
_______ five.
A. leave B. leaves C. left D. has left
一般现在时
答案
B
8. What date is it ? Its
________.
A.
July twentieth-first B. July the twenty-first
C. the twenty-
first of July D. Both B and C
7
月
21<
/p>
日：
July the twenty-first
the twenty-
first of July
答案：
D
9. When he was in his
________
，
he got the chance
to go abroad
to study.
A. forty B. fortys
C. fortys years
old D. forties
答案：
D
10.
“
Rex told me
you have moved.
”
“
Yes
，
into a _______.
”
A. two-storey house B.
house of two story