英语阅读理解题型分析
-
阅读理解题型分析：主旨题
主题思想题在考试
中出现的频率较高，
因为这类题可考查考生抓主要信息的能力，
而能
够抓住文章的主要信息又是阅读能力的一个极为重要的方面。这类题在设题时常会用
到
title
，
subject
，
main idea
，
topic
，
theme
等词。常
见的提问形式有以下几种：
What is the
main idea of the passage?
Which of the
following would be the best title?
What's the best title for the passage?
The main idea of the passage is that
_____.
This passage tells us _____.
Which
of
the
following
statements
best
expresses
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
What does the passage mainly discuss? <
/p>
做这类题时常用略读法，
把注意力放在抓主要信息上，
不去过分注意细节事实，
否则会
造成“只见树木，
不见森林”的结果。
通常的办法是，
快
速阅读文章时注意找出各段主题句。
英文文章各段主题句常放在段首，
< br>有时也放在段尾或段落中间，
有时不明确写出，
通读文章
后把各段主题句联系起来，一般就能得出文章主题。
就整篇文章来讲，首段和尾段一般对于解这类题更为重要。
Passage A In
ancient times the most important examinations were
spoken,
not written. In the schools of
ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted
of saying poetry aloud or giving
speeches. In the European universities of the
Middle
Ages,
students
who
were
working
for
advanced
degrees
had
to
discuss
questions
in their field of
study with people who had made a special study of
the subject.
This
custom
exists
today
as
part
of
the
process
of
testing
candidates
for
the
doctor's
degree. Generally, however, modern
examinations are written. The written
examination, where all students are
tested on the same question, was probably not
known until the nineteenth century.
Perhaps it came into existence with the great
increase in population and the
development of modern industry. A room full of
candidates
for
a
state
examination,
timed
exactly
by
electric
clocks
and
carefully
watched over by managers, resembles a
group of workers at an automobile factory.
Generally, during examinations teachers
and students are expected to act like
machines.
One type of test
is sometimes called an “objective” test. It is
intended
to
deal
with
facts,
not
personal
opinions.
To
make
up
an
objective
test
the
teacher
writes a series of questions, each of
which has only one correct answer. Along
with
each
question
the
teacher
writes
the
correct
answer
and
also
three
statements
that look like correct answers to
students who have not learned the material
properly.
2. The main idea
of paragraph 3 is that_________.
A.
workers now take examination
B. the
population has grown
C. there are only
written exams
D. examinations are now
written and timed
【答案】
D.
第三段一开始就谈到“一般来讲
,
现在的考试都
是笔试；”随后又谈到“所
有的考生在一个房间
,
规定时间
,
有监考老师。”所以
D
是正确答案。
细节题由主要事
实和细节题组成，
就是我们平时所说的由
who
，
what
，
where
，
when
，
why
，
which
，
how
引出的问题。这是极为常见的阅读理解题。这类题主要是针对论证支持
主题的事实或例证设题，可能涉及数学计算、概念理解以及是非判断等。
这类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行细
读，找出问题答案。这类题提问的形式多种多样，常见的有以下几种：
< br>
Which of the following
（
statements
）
is
Not mentioned in the passage?
According
to the passage, which of the following statements
is true?
According to the passage, all
of the following are true except _____ .
How many„?
What„?
Why„?
解这类题时，
审题是关键，
首先一定得看清问题。
比如一句结论
性的话后边到底是„is
true
，还是
is not tru
e.
另外，由于细节题比较容易，有时为了增加测试难度，命题人员
在题干或选项中要增加一些文字或意义上的干扰。
所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模
一样的
现成答案。
Passage
A On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln went to
Gettysburg in
Pennsylvania to speak at
the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was
still
going on. There was much
criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was
not
at all popular. He had been invited
to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness.
The principal speaker was to be Edward
Everett, a famous statesman and speaker
of the day. Everett was a handsome man
and very popular everywhere.
It
is
said
that
Lincoln
prepared
his
speech
on
the
train
while
going
to
Gettysburg.
Late that night,
alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again
worked briefly
on
the
speech.
The
next
day
Everett
spoke
first.
He
spoke
for
an
hour
and
57
minutes.
His
speech
was
a
perfect
example
of
the
rich
oratory
of
the
day.
Then
Lincoln
rose.
The crowd of 15,000
people at first paid little attention to him. He
spoke for
only
nine
minutes.
At
the
end
there
was
little
applause.
Lincoln
turned
to
a
friend
and
remarked,
have
failed
again.
On
the
train
back
to
Washington,
he
said
sadly,
newspapers
at
first
criticized
the
speech.
But
little
by
little
as
people
read
the speech they began to understand better. They
began to appreciate its
simplicity and
its deep meaning. It was a speech which only
Abraham Lincoln could
have made.
Today,
every
American
school
child
learns
Lincoln's
Gettysburg
Address
by
heart.
Now everyone thinks of it as one of the
greatest speeches ever given in American
history.
11. In 1863,
Abraham Lincoln was_________.
A. very
critical
B. unpopular
C.
very popular
D. very courteous
< br>【答案】
B.
答案可以在第一段的第四句话找到：
此题干
扰项为
A.<
/p>
指
挑剔的，苛刻的
。
not at all
popular=unpopular.
12. Lincoln was
invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery
because
he was _______
A. a
famous speaker
B. a very handsome man
C. president of the country
D. a popular statesman
【答案】<
/p>
C.
答案在第一段
was
not
at
all
popular.
He
had
been
invited
to
speak
at Gettysburg only out
of politeness.
当时林肯一点也不受欢迎，他被邀请去演讲仅仅
上出于礼貌。
因为他是总统。
< br>
14. It was a fact that Lincoln's
speech was _________.
A. an immediate
success
B. warmly applauded
C. a total failure
D. not
well-received at first
【答案】
D
.
答案可以在文章的第二段找到。
th
e
end
there
was
little
applause.
最
后几乎没有什么掌声。所以他的演讲开始没有被大家接受，
D
为
正确答案。
A
，
B
，
C
均不
符合文章的内容。
15. Which of the following
statements is NOT true according to the
passage
？
A.
Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.
B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is
simple in style.
C. Lincoln's
Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American
school child.
D. Lincoln's Gettysburg
Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in
the
United Stats.
【答案】
D.
答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到。
他的演讲含义深刻、风格简朴；
如今美国所有的在校的学生都能背诵他
的演讲；
文章又谈到：
现在所有的人都认为他的演
讲是美国历史上最好的演讲之一。
< br>
而不是美国最好的演讲。所以
D
是错误的。
推理性试题大多含有
infer
，
imply
，
suggest
，
conclude
，
（
mos
t
）
probably
等关键
词。以下是一些常见的提问方式：
It
can be inferred from the passage that _____.
The passage implies that _____.
The passage suggests that _____.
What is implied in the
passage
？
The
paragraph following
（
proceedi
ng
）
this passage probably
will discuss
（
discusses
）
_____.
推理性试题不能从文章中直接找
到答案。
解这类题需要考生在正确理解原文语言字面意
义的基础
上，
运用逻辑推理的方法去理解文章字里行间的意义。
对原文中
找到的所有相关信
息要进行仔细分析，摸清它们相互之间时间、方位、因果、对比等逻辑
关系，在此基础上进
行综合推理，选定答案。
我们先以上文所引试题中的与林肯有关的阅读理解文章为例。
13. It can be inferred from the text
that_________.
A. Lincoln prepared his
speech very carefully before he went to Gettysburg
B. Lincoln was very busy at the time
and didn't have much time to prepare his
speech