中考英语阅读理解知识点总结

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2021年02月13日 21:07
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2021年2月13日发(作者:心如比干)


中考英语阅读理解知识点总结




一、初三英语阅读理解(含答案详细解析)



1



阅读理解




My family has had a great influence on me. When I was a kid, I learnt how to work from my


family. My mum would never let me get away when there was something to be done. I learnt the


importance of education. My parents would give me 50 dollars if I got As in school. They taught


me how to use and save money. My mum taught me how to cook, how to clean, and basically


everything I needed to know to live on my own. My dad taught me how to garden, how to do


home improvement, how to treat women and girls with respect, and how to put other people's


needs above my own. My brothers and sisters taught me how to make a decision in conflict


(矛


盾)


.


I'm


22now,


and


I'll


get


married


next


year.


I


learn


things


from


my


parents'


marriage


by


examples. For example, I've never seen my parents really fight. They had disagreements, but they


were always in control and never let anger get the best of them. I think that's great, and I'm going


to work towards that in my marriage.



I have a great family. I'm grateful that my parents chose to make it a great family.




1



Who taught the writer to do some housework?



A. The mother.


B. The father.


C. The sisters.


D. The brothers.




2



When will the writer have a new family?



A. At the age of 22.


B. At the age of 24.


C. At the age of 23.


D. At the age of 21.




3



Which of the following is NOT true?



A. The writer's family influence the writer a lot.



B. The writer learns to save money.



C. The writer is a girl in the family.



D. The writer's parents never fight with each other.




4



How will the writer's new family be according to the passage?



A. It will be a large family. B. It will be a great family.



C. The family members will be different.


D. The family members will never get angry.



【答案】




1



A



(< /p>


2



C




3



C

< p>



4



B



【解析】


【分析】本文介绍了作者< /p>


的家庭对作者有很大的影响。





1


)推理题。根据



My


mum


taught


me


how


to


cook,


how


to


clean,


and


basically


everything I needed to know to live on my own.




我妈妈教我如何做饭,如何打扫卫生,以

及基本上我需要知道的独立生活所需的一切


可知,



作者的妈妈


教他做家务





故选


A






2


)推理 题。根据




I'm 22now, and I'll get married next year



可知,



作者


23


岁时会有一


个新家庭





故选


C






3


)推理 题。根据



My


dad


taught


me


how


to


garden,


how


to


do


home


improvement,


how to treat women and girls with respect,


我爸爸教我如何园艺,如何改善家庭,如何尊


重妇女和女孩


可知作者是男孩,作者


是家里的一个女孩是错的



,故选


C






4


)细节 题。根据




I have a great family. I'm grateful that my parents chose to make it a


great


family.



我有一个大家庭。我 很感激我的父母选择让它成为一个伟大的家庭


可知,




者的新家庭会是一个伟大的家庭



故选


B





【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题,细节题要 注意从文中寻找答案;推断


题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息。



2



阅读理解




There are few families in the United States that do not have either a radio or a television set.


Both of them have become necessary parts of our daily life, keeping us Americans filled with the


news of the day, teaching us in many fields of interest, and making us happy with singing, dancing


and acting.



Marconi, the Italian inventor, who gave us the radio, probably didn't know how much his great


invention would have done for the world in the years to come. Radio had, perhaps done as much


as any other communication tool. Things of the world can be reported to people everywhere a


few


seconds


after


they


happen.


Travellers


in


out-of-the-way


places,


ships


at


sea


and


even


astronauts around the Earth are able to keep in touch with each other by radio.




Television


is


another


important


invention.


It


lets


us


see


as


well


as


hear


the


actor.


Since


its


appearance, TV has done a great deal in the daily life of people everywhere. Many programmes


are now televised in colour.



Perhaps


the


most


modern


invention


is



a



moving


around


the Earth.


It


makes


it


possible for people all over the world to be closer than ever before. Now a family in Chicago can


watch a motorcar race in Italy, a table tennis competition in Beijing or a volleyball match in Japan


on TV as these events are actually happening!




1



The passage tells us that in the USA have no radios or television sets.



A. a large number of homes B. all the families



C. a small number of families D. quite a few homes




2



Why does the passage say radio and TV have become necessary parts of our daily life?



A. Because they have included nearly everything in our life.



B. Because man would not live happily without them.



C. Because they are the only ways to spread information.



D. Because no communication means no life.




3



What is the use of a



A. To receive and store information only.



B. To move around the Earth just like the Moon.



C. To give light onto the Earth at night.



D. To help broadcast radio or TV information to the world.




4



Who do you think the writer of the passage is





A. An Italian. B. A Japanese. C. An American. D. A Chinese reporter.



【答案】




1



C



(< /p>


2



A




3



D

< p>



4



C



【解析】


【分析】本文介绍了电视在 美国生活中的重要性。





1


)细节题。根据


There are few families in the United States that do not have either a radio


or a television set

< p>
,可知


在美国少数家庭没有收音机或电视机





故选


C






2


)推理 题。根据


Both of them have become necessary parts of our daily life


可知,


< /p>


因为它


们几乎包含了我们生活中的一切所以广播和电视已经成为我 们日常生活中不可或缺的一部






故选


A






3


)推理 题。根据


It


makes


it


possible


for


people


all


over


the


world


to


be


closer


than


ever


before


这使得全世界 的人比以往任何时候都更亲近可知


T


elstar



帮助向世界广播电台或电视


信息



,故选


D






4


)推理 题。根据


keeping us Americans filled with the news of the day


使我们美国人充满了


一天中的新闻可知作者是美国人,故选


C




【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题,细 节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断


题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息。




3



阅读理解




He was an old man who fished alone in a small boat on the sea and he had gone eighty-four


days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty


days without a fish, the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now salao, which was


the worst form of unluck, and the boy had gone with another boat which caught three good fish


the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his boat empty. The


sail looked like the flag of failure forever.



The old man was thin with deep wrinkles


(皱纹)


in the back of his neck. His face was terribly


brown because of the strong sunlight on the sea every day and his hands had the deep scars


(伤


疤)


from dealing with heavy fish on the lines. But none of these were fresh. Everything about


him was old except his eyes and they were the same colour as the sea and were cheerful.




again. We've made some money.



The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.







remember


how you


went


eighty-seven


days


without


fish


and


then


we


caught


big


ones


every day for three weeks.










(信心)


.










1



In the story the old man was the boy's .



A. grandfather


B. friend


C. boss


D. host




2



The word



A. the hands


B. the scars


C. the eyes


D. the wrinkles




3



The old man refused the boy to go fishing with him again because .



A. he wanted to fish by himself B. he could really understand his parents



C. the boy asked for some money D. the boy had already learnt how to fish




4



From the story we can know that .



A. the old man was always full of hope



B. the boy's parents believed in the old man



C. everyone laughed at the old man's bad luck



D. the boy was worried about the old man's health



【答案】




1



B



(< /p>


2



C




3



B

< p>



4



A



【解析】


【分析】主要讲了一个老人


84


天没有捕到鱼了,男孩的父母不让小男孩和老人一


起捕鱼,认为老人运气不好,老人比较理解男孩的父母。





1


)细节 题。根据全文可知小男孩和老人一起去捕鱼,他们的关系是朋友关系,故选


B

< p>





2


)细节题。根据


Everything about him was old except his eyes


除了他的眼睛,他周围的一


切都很老,所以


they


代指眼睛,即


eyes


,故选


C





3


)细节题。根据



was


papa


who


made


me


leave.


I


am


a


boy


and


I


must


follow


him.



know,


可知老人理解男孩爷爷的想法,所以拒绝小男孩

< br>再次和他一起去捕鱼,故选


B






4


)细节 题。根据



hasn't


much < /p>


faith


(信心)


.

< br>


the


old


man


said.


But


we


have.


Haven't we?


可知男孩爷爷对老人没有信心,但是老人和男孩有信心,故选


A





【点评】考查阅读理解,主要考 查细节题,注意从文中仔细寻找答案。




4



阅读理解





Esperanza


lives


in


a


poor


Latino


(拉丁美洲的)



neighbourhood


in


Chicago,


America.


She


dreams of having her own house one day. Her parents told her that when they moved from their


last house, they would have a new and shiny


(亮闪闪的)


house. But the house is small and old.



Many people live in Mango Street, in a big old house, Esperanza lives behind it with her family.


A


lot


of


the


people


who


have


come


from


Mexico


don't


speak


English.


Many


miss


their


home


country. Esperanza understands their sadness, but she also feels at home in America. She is an


American, but her roots


(根)


will always be Latino.



Esperanza is young. Like her friends, she has to grow up fast. She is stuck between being a girl


and


being


a


woman.


In


the


poor


and


dangerous


area


where


she


lives,


this


is


difficult


for


her.


Mexican people usually live in a close neighbourhood. This means that people live packed


(挤塞


的)


in together. Everyone knows everyone else. So Esperanza knows other older girls that do


things she is not comfortable doing. It is just a fact of her life.




But


Esperanza


has


good


friends


too.


She


becomes


friends


with


two


sisters


named


Lucy


and


Rachel. They ride bikes and have adventures


(冒险)


together. Esperanza is also friends with a


girl


named


Alicia.


Alicia


is


afraid


of


the


rats


in


her


apartment.


She


shares


her


poems


with


Esperanza.



< p>
1



What is RIGHT about Esperanza?



A. She doesn't like what some of the older girls are doing.



B. She isn't quite used to her life in America.



C. She is an American and has a comfortable life.



D. She often lives with her friends enjoying doing things together.




2

< p>


Where does Esperanza live?



A. In a big old house in Mango Street.



B. In a small and old house in Mango Street.



C. In a new and shiny house.



D. In a small and dangerous house.




3



We can infer from the text that ______________.



A. many people who live in Mango Street are dangerous



B. Mango Street is an area where Esperanza's childhood is unforgettable



C. in Mango Street, people don't speak English



D. in Mango Street, everybody understands Esperanza s sadness




4



What does the word



A. hard to agree B. hard to believe C. hard to move D. hard to have a correct idea




5



The passage is mainly a simple introduction to ______________.



A. a person's experience



B. a person's friends



C. a place named Mango Street



D. love and sadness from Mango Street



【答案】




1



A



(< /p>


2



B




3



A

< p>



4



C




5



A



【解析】


【分析】主要讲了


Esperanza


住在美国芝加哥一个贫穷的拉丁美洲街区,房子又< /p>


小又旧,及其危险困难的生活。





1


)细节题。根据


So Esperanza knows other older girls that do things she is not comfortable


doing.


可知


Esperanza


不喜欢其他女孩做的 不舒服的事情,故选


A






2


)细节 题。根据


But the house is small and old. Many people live in Mango Street, in a big


old


house,


Esperanza


lives


behind


it


with


her


family.


可知


Esperanza


的房子是小的旧的,住在


M ango Street


的后面,故选


B






3


)细节题。根据


In the poor and dangerous area where she lives, this is difficult for her



知住在


Mango Street


是危险和困难的,故选


A






4< /p>


)细节题。根据前句


Like her friends, she has to grow up fast.


像她的朋友一样,她不得不


快速成长,所以卡在了女孩和妇女间,即很难移动,即


hardto move


,故选


C


< br>




5


)细节题。根据全文可知主要介绍了


Esperanza


住在 美国芝加哥一个贫穷的拉丁美洲街


区,房子又小又旧,及其危险困难的生活。即个人经历 的介绍,故选


A





【点评】考查阅读理解,主要考查细节题,注意从文中仔细寻 找答案。




5



阅读理解




Bill:




My


favourite


book


is


The


Chronicles


of


Narnia


:


The


Lion,


the


Witch


(女巫)



and


the


Wardrobe


(魔衣柜)


by C.S, Lewis. It's about four children who find a magical


(神奇的)



land inside a wardrobe. A witch makes the land winter forever, The children help save the


magical land from the witch with the help of Aslan, a great talking lion. The children become


leaders. But then they come back to our world ... until their next journey in Narnia.



Eric: I like reading The Magic School Bus written by Joanna Cole best. The magic school bus


can go everywhere, even inside the human body. I like Arnold, a boy in Ms. Frizzle's class. He's


really funny and he's always afraid.



Grace: One of my all-time favourite books is Ugly by Donna Jo Napoli. It's the story of an ugly


young


duck.


It's


a


little


sad,


but


after


you


finish


reading


it,




you'll


want


to


read


it


again


and


again. The way Donna Jo Napoli writes is special, and you can really get inside the characters'


heads. It sounds like music when it's being read to you.



Sally: My favourite book is Bloomability by Sharon Creech. It's about a girl whose parents are


always on the move. Then she is suddenly taken to Switzerland by her aunt and uncle, away


from her family. Interested? Then read this book!



Jane: My favourite book is Nancy Drew Mystery


(疑案)


Stories by Carolyn Keene. I have


read it about four times! It is about a girl who loves solving mysteries, and she finds a statue


that whispers. Well, I'm not going to tell you the story. I'll let you read it by yourself.




1



In Bill's favourite book, four children fight against ________________.



A. a lion B. a witch C. a wardrobe D. a duck




2



When finishing reading Ugly, readers may feel a little ________________.



A. afraid


B. sad


C. excited


D. nervous



< p>
3



Sally's favourite book is written by ________________.



A. C.S. Lewis


B. Joanna Cole


C. Donna Jo Napoli


D. Sharon Creech




4



Tina is interested in special journeys, so she may like to read ________________.



A. Ugly B. Bloomability C. The Magic School Bus D. Nancy Drew Mystery Stories




5



Bloomability and Nancy Drew Mystery Stories both tell stories about ________________.



A. a girl B. a magical land C. a young duck D. a school



【答案】




1



B




2



B




3



D



< br>4



C




5



A



【解析】


【分析】主要讲了


Bill



Eric



Grace



Sally



Jane


最喜爱的书。





1


)细节 题。根据第一个表格


It's


about


four


children


who


find


a


magical


(神奇的)



land


inside a wardrobe. A witch makes the land winter forever


可知主要 讲了四个孩子对抗女巫的故


事,故选


B






2< /p>


)细节题。根据第三个表格


It's a little sad


可知读完后读者感到有点难过,故选


B






3< /p>


)细节题。根据第四个表格


My


favourite


book


is


Bloomability


by


Sharon


Creech.


可知由


Sharon Creech


所写,故选


D






4


)细节题。根据第二个表格


The


magic


school


bus


can


go


everywhere,


even


inside


the


human body.


可知魔法公交车可以去任何地方,甚至 人类身体,故选


C






5


)细节 题。根据第四个表格


It's about a girl whose parents are always on the move.


可知主

< p>
要讲了一个小女孩的故事,故选


A





【点评】考查阅读理解,主要考查细节题,注意 从文中仔细寻找答案。




6



阅读理解




Art Training Course



Do you want to get $$ 75~$$ 200 each hour? You will get good jobs if you spend only a week on


our courses about ads, TV programs, films and fashion.



Website:


www. awardmakeupschool. com



Telephone number: 310



364



0665



Teaching English Overseas



A 4-week language course is offered monthly in Prague. It's helpful for you to get good jobs


around the world.



Cost: $$ 1,300 per month



Website:




Looking for a Roommate



I'm




Mary.


I


have


a


house


with


three


bedrooms.


There


are


many


things


in


it,


like


a




TV,


a


washing machine and a fridge. You only need to pay $$ 200 for it each month. And it includes


the cost of surfing the Internet. There are two rules for you to obey: You mustn't make lots of


noise in the house and you must keep the house clean.



E-mail: @hotmail. com




1



If Jim wants to take the language course for two months, he'll have to pay _________.



A. $$75


B. $$ 200


C. $$ 1,300


D. $$ 2,600



< p>
2



Mary's house provides the following things EXCEPT __________.



A. a computer


B. a TV


C. a fridge


D. a washing machine




3



Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?



A. The cost of the art training course is $$ 75 each hour.



B. People should pay $$ 1,300 for the language course each week.



C. If you often surf the Internet, you'd better not rent Mary's house.



D. People who want to live in Mary's house should pay $$ 1,200 half a year.



【答案】




1



D



(< /p>


2



A




3



D



【解析】


【分析】(


1


)细节理解题。根据文中的表格二


Teaching English Overseas A 4-week


language course is offered monthly in Prague



It's helpful for you to get good jobs around the


world



Cost



1300pe r


month


可知学习英语每个人每个月

1300


元,两个月就是


2600


元,


故选


D







2


)细节理解题。根据文中的表格三


There


are


many


things


in


it



like


a


TV



a


washing


machine and a fridge


.可知房子里有电视,洗衣机和冰箱,没有提到电脑,故选


A< /p>






3


)细节理解题。根据文中的表格三


You only need to pay 200for it each month


可知



一间


卧室月租是


200


,半年就是


200X6=1200


,所以要想成为玛丽的合租室友,半年要付


1200



故选


D

< br>。




【点评】考查阅读理解。 本文主要考查细节理解题,首先仔细阅读文后的问题,弄清问题


的大意;然后带着问题阅 读短文,抓住关键信息,选择正确答案。




7



阅读理解





Different


countries


have


different


customs.


When


you


are


in


different


countries,


you


should


follow their customs.



In China, it's impolite to talk when eating dinner. And you're not supposed to start eating first if


there are older people at the table.



Very


often


people


who


travel


to


the


United


States


forget


to


tip


(付小费)


.


It


is


usual


to


tip


waiters, taxi drivers and porters who help carry your bags. Waiters expect to get a 15% tip on the


cost of your meal. Taxi drivers expect about the same amount.




In


England,


make


sure


to


stand


in


line


even


if


there


are


only


two


of


you.


It's


important


to


respect


(尊重)


lines there. It's a good idea to talk about the weather. It's a favorite subject of


conversation with the British.



In Spain


(西班牙)


, it's a good idea to have a light meal in the afternoon if someone invites


you for dinner. People have dinner very late, and restaurants do not generally open until after


9:00 p. m.



In Saudi Arabia


(沙特阿拉伯)


, men kiss one another on the cheek. Your host may welcome


you with a kiss on both cheeks. It is polite of you to do the same.



In Japan, people usually give personal or business cards to each other when they meet for the


first time. When a person gives you a card, don't put it into your pocket


(口袋)


as soon as you


get it. The person expects you to read it.



Don't forget to be careful about your body language to express something in conversations. A


kind of body language that is acceptable in one culture may be impolite in another.




1



What does the underlined word





A.


搬运工



B.


水电工



C.


建筑工



D.


环卫工




2



If you travel to the US, and you spend $$ 200 on a taxi ride and $$ 320 on a meal, you are


supposed to tip in total.



A. $$520 B. $$78 C. $$156 D. $$60




3

< br>)


Which of the following is TRUE





A. You are expected to kiss your host on the cheek in Japan.



B. Generally, restaurants don't offer dinner after 9:00 p. m. in Spain.



C. It's impolite to eat first if there are older people at the table in China.



D. You don't need to stand in line if there are two people waiting for a bus in England.




4



What does the passage mainly talk about





A. Where to travel.



B. How to tip in different countries.



C. When to use body language.



D. Customs in different countries.



【答案】




1



A



(< /p>


2



B




3



C

< p>



4



D



【解析】


【分析】本文介绍


不同的国家有不同的习俗。当你在不同的国家时,你应该遵循


他们的习俗 。





1< /p>


)词义猜测题。根据



who help carry your bags



帮你搬东西的人可知,


porters


是搬运


工的意思,故选


A






2


)细节题。根据



服务员希望得到


15%


的餐费小费。出 租车司机期望大约相同的数额




务员 希望得到


15%


的餐费小费。出租车司机期望大约相同的数额< /p>


可知,



如果你去美国旅


行,坐出租车花


200


美元,吃饭花

< br>320


美元,你应该总共付小费是(


200+320



*20%=78


美元




故选


B






3


)推理 题。根据



you're not supposed to start eating first if there are older people at


the table



如果餐桌上有老年人,你不应该先吃饭



可知,



如果中国的餐桌上有老年人, 先吃


饭是不礼貌的正确





故选


C






4


)细节 题。根据本文介绍


不同的国家有不同的习俗。当你在不同的国家时,你应该遵

< p>
循他们的习俗


可知,文章主要讲述


不同国家的风俗





故选


D





【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题,词义猜测 题和主旨题四种常考题型,


细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,推断 出需要的信息,词义猜测题


需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意,主旨题需要通读全文 ,了解大意之后找出中心思


想。




8



阅读理解




A British company has made a new product to help us save money. The product is a wristband


that gives us an electric shock if we spend too much money. The wristband is called Pavlok. It is


linked to our bank account. It knows how much money we have in the bank. If we go shopping


and there is not enough money in our bank account, the wristband makes an electric shock on


our


wrists.


This


warns


us


not


to


overspend.


The


company


is


called


Intelligent


Environments.


It


wants to work with banks to help customers with their money. So far, no banks in Britain have


said they would ask their customers to wear Pavlok. They could start doing this in the future.



The Pavlok wristband is part of the Internet of Things. This is the idea that everything in our life


will


be


connected


to


the


Internet.


The


CEO


of


Intelligent


Environments,


David


Webber,


said


people liked the idea of the Pavlok. Shoppers would rather get a small electric shock in the store


from the wristband than get a big shock later when they see their bank account. Mr. Webber said


the Pavlok would be great for people who cannot stop spending because they have no power or


their power is weak. He added that many young people have the


people


put


their


heads


in


the


sand


and


buy


things


rather


than


look


at


how


much


money


they


have in their bank accounts.




1



The company made the product to help itself _________.



A. make money B. save money C. spend money D. rob money




2



The wristband has to work with _________.



A. shops B. doctors C. banks D. Intelligent Environments




3



Mr. Webber thinks the wristband is _________.



A. helpless B. great C. a big surprise D. cheap




4



You can read this passage in a _________.



A. health magazine


B. science magazine


C. sports magazine


D. weather report



【答案】




1



A



(< /p>


2



C




3



B

< p>



4



B



【解析】


【分析】文章大意:文章介 绍了英国生产的帮助人们省钱的工具


——


腕带,如果

< p>
你花钱多了,它会电击你,它是互联网的一部分。





1


)逻辑 推理题,公司的目的是赚钱,他生产这种东西就为为了赚钱,故答案是


A





2


)细节理解题,根据


It


is


linked


to


our


bank


account.


可知它跟 银行账户关联,故答案是


C






3


)逻辑 推理题,根据最后一段的陈述可知,韦伯认为这种产品很棒,故答案是


B





4


)文章出处题,这是一篇科普性的文章,应出现在科学杂志上,故答案是


B





【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、逻辑推理题和文章出处题。细节理解题可


以直接从文中寻找答案;逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境,有已知内容推出未知的可能的事


实;文章出处题需要根据文章内容来判断文章的来源。




9



阅读理解




I'm sure most people like music. Music can not only bring us wonderful enjoyment, but also


bring us happiness when we are tired or sad. And many people have the habit of enjoying music


when they are free. But to our surprise, one English school allows children to listen to music or


even


to


have


the


TV


on


while


they


are


studying,


and


they


find


it


is


helpful


to


improve


the


students' grades.



According to a research at Millfield School in the UK, around 20% of teenagers work better with


background music, and 10% excel when allowed to finish their work with short walks around the


room


while


up


to


80%


can


concentrate


(集中注意)



better


if


allowed


to


play


with


a


small

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-