明喻
一字千金典故-
1.
明
喻
SIMILE
1
．
定义
英语的明喻是英语中最常用、
最简便的修辞格之一，
在文学作品中尤其如此。
它根据人
们的联想，利用不同
事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词
(
如
l
ike
，
as
等
)
起连接作用，清楚地说
明甲事物在某方面像乙事物
Rhetoric In
Practice
(
《英文实用修辞学》
)
一书这样来解释明喻：
“
A
simile
is
an
expressed
simplest
and
most
direct way
of
connoting
an
idea
with
something
else
is
by
means
of
using
similes
．
Simile
is
the
neuter
singular
of
the
Latin
adjective
‘
similis
,’
meaning like.
”
Simile(
明喻
)
运用广泛，可借以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，明白易懂，
新鲜有趣
。
<
/p>
关于英语
Simile
，有两点须加以说
明：
一、
Simile(
明喻
)
通常由三部分构成，即本体
(tenor
或
subject)
、
喻
体
(vehicle
或
reference)
和
比
喻
词
(comparative
word
或
indicator
of
resemblance)
。可
图示如下：
Marriage
is
like
a
beleaguered
fortress:
those
who
are
without
want to get in,
↓
↓
↓
(tenor)
(comparative word)
(vehicle)
and those within
want to get out.
( P. M. Quitard)
二、
本体
与喻体一般为两个不同事物
(
如属同类也应具不同性质或特征<
/p>
)
，
比喻方可成立。
例如：
①
Peter is as tall as his father.
②
Peter is as
tall as a Maypole.
稍加分析可以看出，
例①不算明喻，
只是一个比较句，
因为
Peter
及其
father
同属人类；
而例②才是比喻句，因为
Peter
与
Maypole
分属人与物。
2.
引导明喻的比喻词
(comparative words)
( 1 )
介词
as
，
like
，
of
等。
As
Beauty is as summer fruits,
which are easy to corrupt and cannot
last
„
( Bacon: Of Studies )
美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存„
Overhead the hollow stretch
of whitish cloud shutting out the sky was as a
tent which had the
who1e earth as its
floor
。
( Thomas Hardy )
头顶上
方，
夺据了天际上无尽空荡的白云，
宛如高悬的帐篷一般，
把整个荒原做了它的
地面。
Out
of
the
sleeves
came
strong
bony
wrists
and
hands
gnarled
knotted
and
hard
as
peach
branches.
( John Steinbeck )
从袖子里伸出一双瘦骨嶙峋的大手，像桃树枝一样，瘤节盘错，坚硬粗壮。
< br>
1
I wandered
lonely as a cloud.
( W.
Wordsworth: The Daffodils )
我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
They are as
like as two peas.
他们两个长得一模一样。
His young
daughter looks as red as a rose.
他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
I passed and
repassed the house, and stopped and listened at
the door; all was dark and silent
as the grave.
(
B
．
Shaw)
我在那房子前面走了几趟，并在门口停下来听了听；一片漆黑
，沉寂得像座坟墓。
Love goes towards love, as
schoolboys from their books;
but love from
love, towards school with heavy
looks
．
( William
Shakespeare)
赴情人的约会，像学童抛开书一样；
和情人分别，像学童板着脸上学堂。
英语里
有不少含有明喻的成语，其结构为
as+
形容词
+as+
名词。例如：
as
firm as a rock
坚如磐石
as light as a
feather
轻如鸿毛
as
close as an oyster
守口如瓶
as
mute as a fish
噤若寒蝉
as strong as
horse
强壮如牛
as cool as a cucumber
泰然自若
as sober as a
judge
十分清醒
as sure as a gun
千真万确
Like
Paris is a morgue
without you; before I knew you, it was Paris, and
I thought it heavens;
but
now it is a vast desert of desolation
and loneliness. It is like the face of a clock,
bereft of its hands.
(
Sarah Bernhardt to V
ictorian Sardou )
没有你，巴黎成了一座陈尸所；我认识你之前，巴黎就是巴黎
。我把它看成天堂；然而
现在它变成了一片荒凉而寂寞的沙漠。它像一个没有时针、分针
和秒针的钟面。
All
that
I
had
to
show,
as
a
man
of
letters,
were
these
few
tales
and
essays,
which
had
blossomed
out
like
flowers
in
the calm
summer
of
my
heart
and
mind. (
Hawthoren:
The
Old
Manse )
作为一
个作家，
我所能贡献出来的只有这么几篇故事和散文，
它们像我
心头温和的夏天
灿烂开放的花朵。
He works 1ike a horse
／
beaver
／
Troj
an
／
black.
他辛辛苦苦地干活。
They spent
money like water.
他们挥金如土。
He talks
like a book.
他老是文绉绉地说话。
He eats like a horse.
他吃得很多。
He smokes 1ike a chimney.
他抽烟很厉害。
2