中考知识点总结
-
中考时态及语态
一般现在时的用法
1)
经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：
every…,
sometimes, at…, on Sunday
所有频度副词
I leave
home for school at 7 every morning.
2)
客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3)
表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在
宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语
也要用一般现在时。
例：
Columbus proved that the
earth is round..
4)
现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does
not speak well.
比较：
Now I put
the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my
homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，
用于操作
演示或指导说明的示范性动作，
表示
言行的瞬间动作。
再如：
Now watch me, I switch on the
current and stand
back.
第二句中
的
now
是进行时的标志，
表示正在进
行的动作的客观
状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
2.
一般过去时的用法
1
）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：
yesterday, last
week, an hour ago, the other day, in
1982
等。
Where did
you go just now?
2
）表示在过去一段时间
内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a
child, I often played football in the street.
3
）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth
到
……
时间了
该
……
了
I
t is time sb. did sth.
时间已迟了
早该
……
了
<
/p>
It is time for you to go to bed.
你该睡觉了。
It is time
you went to bed.
你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth.
表示
’
宁愿某人做某事
’
I’d rather you came
tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder,
think, hope
等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建
议等。
I thought you might
have some.
我以为你想要一些。
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(
含义：她已不在人间。
)
Christine has been an invalid all her
life.
(
含义：她现在还活着
)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven
years.
(
含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。
)
Mrs. Darby has lived in
Kentucky for seven years.
(
含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去
)
注意：
用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1
）动词
want, hope,
wonder, think, intend
等。
Did you want anything else?
2
）情态动词
could, would.
Could you lend
me your bike?
3. used to / be used to
used to + do
：
过去常常
表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今
已不
存在。
Mother used
not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to
take a walk. (
过去常常散步
)
be used to +
doing
：
对
……
已感到习惯，或
习惯于
，
to
是介词，后<
/p>
需加名词或动名词。
He is
used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is
used to taking a
walk.(
现在习惯于散步
)
4.
一般将来时
1)
shall
用于第一人称，常被
will
所代替。
will
在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this
evening?
2) be going to
+
不定式，表示将来。
a.
主语的意图，即将做某事。
What
are you going to do tomorrow?
b.
计划，安排要发生的事。
The
play is going to be produced next
month
。
c.
有迹象要发生的事
Look at
the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be
+
不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next
Saturday.
4) be about to
+
不定式，意为马上做某事。
He
is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：
be about to
不能与
tomorrow, next week
等表示明确将来时的
时间状语连用。
5. be going to / will
用于条件句时，
be going
to
表将来
will
表意愿
If you are
going to make a journey, you’d better get ready
for it a s soon
as possible.
6. be to
和
be going
to
be to
表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to
表示主观的打算或计划。
I am
to play football tomorrow afternoon.
(
客观安排
)
7.
一般现在时表将来
1
）下列动词：
come, go,
arrive, leave, start, begin, return
的一般现
在时
表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow
morning.
When does the bus star? It
stars in ten minutes.
2
）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is
coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell
is ringing.
3
）在时间或条件句中。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive
there.
4
）在动词
hope, take
care that, make sure that
等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
11.
用于现在完成时的句型
1
）
It is the first
/ second time…. that…
结构中的从句部分，
用现在完成
时。
It is
the first time that I have visited the city.
2
）
This is the…
that…
结构，
that
从句要用现在完成时
.
This
is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
12.
比较
since
和
for
Since
用来说明动作起始时间，
for
用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty
years.
I have lived here since I was
born..
I worked here for more than
twenty years.
(
我现在已不在这里工作。
)
I have worked here for many years.
(
现在我仍在这里工作。
)
小窍门：
当现在完成时
+
一段时间，
这一结构中，
我们用下面的公式
转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
13.
since
的四种用法
1)
since +
过去一个时间点
(<
/p>
如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、
1980, last
month, half past
six)
。
I have been
here since 1989.
2) since
+
一段时间
+ ago
I have
been here since five months ago.
3)
since +
从句
Great
changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we
have been here.
4) It is
+
一段时间
+
since
从句
It is two
years since I became a postgraduate student.
被动语态的几种类型
1
）主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态，如：
He
saw her in the shop yesterday.
She was
seen in the shop yesterday.
2)
主语有两个宾语的被动语态
Li
Lei gave me a chemistry book.
I was
given a chemistry book by Li Lei.
3
）主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
若宾语补足语是不带
to
的不定式，
变为被动语态时，该不定式前要
加
。此
类动词为
感官动词：
feel,
hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe,
see, notice,
watch
The
teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the
classroom (by the teacher).
若宾语补足语是带
to
的不定式，那么被动语态仍保留
to:
Mother told me not to be late
5
）情态动词
+ be
+
过去分词，构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity
for agriculture and industry.
6
< br>）表示
据说
或
相信
的
词组
believe, consider,
declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose,
think,
understand
It is said
that…
据说
It is
reported that…
据报道
It is believed that…
大家相信