英语论文参考文献及夹注
-
四、毕业设计(论文)格式要求
1
、夹注标示法
下面分间接引用、
直接引用和转引加以例示夹注
表示法。<
/p>
另外注意,
夹注中的作者和作品必须与文后
的参考文献形成一致。
经讨论,
现统一夹注格式如下
(注意夹注中的页码无需再添加)
(
1
)间接引用
A.
如果引用只涉及一个作家的某本专著或文
章,
而作家的名字在自己的行文中没有出现
,
将该作
家的姓氏和出版的时间用括弧括起来,放在句子结
尾,注意该括弧算作句子的一部分,
标点符号应放
在
括弧之后。
例
:
It
has
been
argued
that
teachers‟
role
is
to
provide the students with
optimal conditions which can
facilitate
learning
so
that
students
can
achieve
similar
results (Bloom, 1976).
B.
p>
如果引用所涉及到的作家的名字已经出现在
行文中
< br>,
只需要在名字后面加上括弧
,
填入出版时
间即可。
例:
Gould
(1988)
attributes
Darwin‟s
success
to
his
gift for making the appropriate metaphor.
C.
如果引用涉及到的作家和著作的出版时间在
1
行文中已出现,那就不再需要单独的夹注了。
例:
In
a
1988
article,
Gould
explores
some
of
Darwin‟s
most effective metaphors.
D.
如果引用涉及到的著作是由两位作者合著,
则每次引用时都需把
两位作者的姓氏注出来,在夹
注中用
“&”
,在行文中则用
“and”
连接两个作者。
例:
The disadvantages of
the multiple regression
analysis
are
that
it
cannot
show
the
complex
interrelations
between independent variable (Bryman
&
Cramer,
1990).
Bryman
and
Cramer
also
pointed
out
that…
E.
< br>如涉及到的作者超过两人,
第一次加夹注时,
写出所有作
者的姓氏,以后每次引用只需写出第一
作者的姓氏,其后加上
“
et al ”
即可。
例:
Scientists
have
isolated
a
gene
connected
to
circadian
rhythms
in
plants
(Millar,
Straum,
Chory,
Chua, & Kay, 1995) .
. . . They identified the mutations
that
activated
light-dependent
pathways
(Millar,
et
al.
,
1995)
F.
如果涉及到同一作者的不同著作,在括弧中
按出版时间分开;如果是同一作者在同一年的不同
著作,在出版时间后用小写
英文字母区别。
例:
(
Halliday,
1978,
1992
)
;
(
Halliday,
1967a,
2
1967b
)
G
.
引用同样姓氏的不同作者
假若两个或
两个以上的作者有同样的姓氏,则
括号夹注中应同时使用他们名字的首字母,如:
Well-established SLA
researchers (
R. Ellis
, 2002)
seem
rather
skeptical
of
the
assertion
that
repetition
alone explains
the development of the knowledge of a
second language (
N.
Ellis
, 2002).
引用中文著作或期刊时同姓作者
的情况较多,
应在括号夹注中使用他们名字的首字母加以区分,
如:
(W.Y
. Wang,
2003)
(L.F. Wang, 2003)
(
2
)直接引用
A.
如果原著作者的姓氏在自己的行文中没有
提到,那你需要把作者的姓氏,出版时间用括弧括
起,放在引文的后面
,
引文用双引号。
例
:
Conceptually,
motivation
is
seen
as
“the
combination of effort plus desire to
achieve the goal of
learning
the
language
plus
favorable
attitude
toward
learning language”
(Gardner, 1985).
B.
< br>如果引文中原来就有引号,将有引号的部分
改为单引号。
Based
on
different
findings,
it
is
proposed
that
3
“the type
of motivation and its strength are
li
kely to be
determined
less
by
some
generalized
principle
and
more
by
„who
learns
what
in
what
milieu‟”
(Laser-Freeman & Long, 1993).
(
3
)转引
如果你的引用不是从原著中获得,而是来自二
手资料,你就需要在引用完后用圆括弧注明来源,
在来源前加上
“qtd
in”
的字样。在参考文献目录部
分,你就按引用的实际出处撰写条目。
例:
Gothe
wrote
that
“it
takes
more
culture
to
perceive
the
virtues
of
The
Magic
Flute
than
to
point
out its
defects” (
qtd in
Newman,
1958).
正文中(下划线部分是注释的格式)的夹注与
文
后参考文献确保一致。举例:
2.2 The Tang
Poetry Translations
It is certain that
the translation of Tang Poetry into
English
is
definitely
a
hard
job.
Alexander
Tyler
once
said,
“The
best
translators
of
poetry
therefore,
have
been those who have
approved their talents in original
poetical
composition”
(2001),
which
means
that
only
poets can translate poems. As cultural
elements are the
most
important
things
in
translation
studies.
Different
cultures
have
different
ideas
in
certain
objects,
which
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