高中英语语法系列――形容词和副词
-
高中英语语法系列――形容词和副词
[
知识梳理
]
一、形容词的概念与用法
形容词
(
adjective)
用以修饰名词
,
表示人或事物的特征。
它可在句中充当定语
,
< br>修饰名词、代词
;
可以作表语或宾
(
主
)
语的补足语
< br>,
表示主语或宾语的状态、特征
;
有时也可以作状
语。如
:
This is a
beautiful school.
这是一所美丽的学校。
(
作定语
,
修饰名词
school)
I have something important to tell you.
我有些重要的事要
告诉你们。
(
作定语
,
修饰不定代词
something)
Our school is beautiful.
我们学校
很美丽。
(
作表语
)
We
’
ll make our
school more beautiful.
我们要使我们的学
校更美丽。
(
作宾补
)
Our
school will be made more beautiful.
我们的学
校将会
变得更美丽。
(
作主补
)
He got home late that night, hungry and
tired.
那天晚上他
很迟才回来
,
又累又饿。
(
作状语
< br>)
二、副词的概念与用法
副词
(a
dverb)
用以修饰动词、
形容词或其它副词。
它在句
中主要作状语
,
个别
副词也可作表语、定语、或宾
(
主
)<
/p>
语补足
语。
He studies hard
.
他学习很努力。
(
作状语
,
修饰动词
)
I
’
m terribly
sorry for being late.
非常抱歉
,<
/p>
我迟到了。
(
作
状语
,
修饰形容词
)
This coat fits him very well.
这件上衣他穿着很合适。
(
作状
语<
/p>
,
修饰副词
)
The people here
are kind to us.
这里的人对我们很好。
(
作
定语
,
修饰
The people)
When will you be back?
你什么时候回来
?(
作表语
)
三、形容词与副词的转换
有的形容词加上
< br>ly
后可转换成副词
,
规则如下
:
注意
:friendly, motherly, lovel
y
等词虽然以
ly
结尾
,
但不是
副词
,
而是形容词。
四、复合形容词
五、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成
1.
规则变化
2.
特殊变化
六、常用形容词、副词比较句型
七、需要注意的几点
1.
避
免漏用系动词
be
。
[
译
]
我今天很忙。
[
误
]I very busy
today.
[
正
]I am very busy
today.
2.
避免修饰错误。
[
误
] She studies
more better than I.
[
正
]
She studies much better than I.
3.
避免产生岐义。
[
译
]
我比她更喜欢那个男孩。
[
误
]I like the boy
better than her.(
还可以理解为
:
我喜欢那
个男孩胜过喜欢她
)
[
正
]I like the boy
better than she.
4.
避免比较对象不一致。
[
误
] Her spoken
English is as good as I.
[
正
]
Her spoken English is as good as mine.
[
正
] She speaks
English as well as I.
5.
避免自己与自己比较。
[
误
]He runs faster
than any student in his class.
[
正
]He runs faster
than any other student in his class.
[
正
]He runs faster
than anybody else in his class.
[
正
]He runs faster
than (all) the other students in his class.
[
正
]He runs faster
than (all) the others in his class.
[
正
]He runs faster
than any of the other students.
[
正
]He runs (the)
fastest (of the boys) in his class.
6.
从
句中“替代”或“省略”时
,
应使结构清楚、正确。
I spend as much time watching TV as he
does
______(write). (Key: writing)
[
灵活运用
]
一、单句填空
按照下面句子结构的语法性
,
在空格处填入一个适当的
词或使用括号中词
语的适当形式填空。
1. If there were no
examinations, we should have a much
______(happy) time at school.