小学英语语法要点归纳及习题
-
小学英语语法要点及习题
一、名词复数规则
1
．大凡情况下，直接加
-s
，如：
book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2
．以
s. x. sh. ch
结尾，加
-es
，如：
bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,
watch-watches3
．以
“
辅音字母
+y”
结尾，变
y
为
i,
再加
-es
，如：
family-families,
strawberry-strawberries4
．以
“f
或
fe”
结尾
，变
f
或
fe
为
v,
再加
-es
，如：
knife-
knives
5
．不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-
policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-micechild-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-
fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-
Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this
___________her ______
watch
_______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______
dress ________
tooth_______ sheep
______box_______ strawberry _____
thief
_______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______
juice___________
water________
milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、大凡现在时
大凡现在时基本用法介绍
【
No.
1
】大凡现在时的功能
1
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<
/p>
1.
表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：
The sky is blue.
天空是蓝色的。
2.
表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：
I
get up at six every
day.
我每天六点起
床。
3.
表示客观现实。如：
The
earth goes around the
sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
大凡现在时的构成
1. be
动词：主语
+be(am,is,are)+
其它。如：
I am a
boy.
我是一个男孩。
2.
行为动词：主语
+
行为动词
< br>(+
其它
)
。如：
We study
English.
我们学习英语。
当
主语为第三人称单数
(he,she,it)
时，要在动词后加
“
-
s“
或<
/p>
“
-
es“
。如
：
MarylikesChinese.
玛丽喜欢汉语。
大凡现在时的变化
1. be
动词的变化。
否定句：主语
+ be + not
+
其它。
如：
He is not a
worker.
他不是工人。
大凡疑问句：
Be +
主语
+
其它。
如：
-Are you a student?
-
Yes. I am. / No, I“m
not.
分外疑问句：疑问词
+
大凡疑问句。如：
Where is my bike?
2.
行为动词的变化。
否定句：主语
+ don“t( doesn“t ) +
动词原形
(+
其它
)
。如：
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I don“t like
bread.
< br>当主语为第三人称单数时，要用
doesn“t
构成否定
句。如：
He doesn“t often
play.
大凡疑问句：
Do(
Does ) +
主语
+
动词原形
+
其它。如：
-
Do you often play football?
-
Yes, I do. / No, I don“t.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用
does
构
成大凡疑问句。如：
- Does she go to
work by bike?
-
Yes, she
does. / No, she doesn“t.
分外疑
问句：疑问词
+
大凡疑问句。如：
Ho
w does your father go to work?
动
< br>词
+s
的变化规则
1
．大凡情况下，直接加
-s
，如：
cook-cooks, milk-milks
2
．以
s. x. sh. ch.
o
结尾，加
-es
，如：
guess-guesses, wash-washes,
watch-
watches, go-goes3
．以
“
辅音字母
+y”
结
尾，变
y
为
i,
再加
-es
，如：
study-
studies
大凡现在时用法专练
:
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________
make ________
look _________
have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______
fly ________
study_______ brush________
do_________ teach_______
二、用括号内动词的合适形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at
home.
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2. Daniel and Tommy
_______(be) in Class One.
3. We
_______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4.
Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World
Cup?
6. What _______they often
_______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______
your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English
on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take)
a walk together every evening.
10.
There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her
baby carefully.
14. You always
_______(do) your homework well.
15. I
_______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from
Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao
_______(do) not like PE.
18. The child
often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have)
eight lessons this term.
20.
－
What day
_______(be) it today?
－
It’s
Saturday.
三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every
evening.(
改为否定句
)
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<
/p>
________________________________________
___________
2. I do my homework every
day.(
改为大凡疑问句，作否定回答
)
< br>_______________________________________________ _________
3. She likes
milk.(
改为大凡疑问句，作肯定回答
)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer
games.(
改为大凡疑问句，作否定回答
)
_____________________________________________
______
5. We go to school every
morning.(
改为否定句
)
_
__________________________________________________
____
6. He speaks English very
well.(
改为否定句
)
____
_______________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the
park.(
对划线部分提问
)
__
__________________________________________________
____
8. John comes from
Canada.(
对划线部分提问
)
__________________________________________________
_
9. She is always a good
student.(
改为大凡疑问句，作否定回答
)
___________________________________________
_____________
10. Simon and Daniel like
going skating.(
改为否定句
)
_____________________________________________
______
五、改错
(
划出错误的
地方，将正确的写在横线上
)
1. Is your
brother speak English? __________________
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2. Does he likes going fishing?
__________________
3. He likes play
games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.
__________________
5. She don’t do her
homework on Sundays. _________________
三、现在进行时
1
< br>．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内
的活动或
现阶段正在进行的动作。
2
．现在进
行时的肯定句基本结构为
be+
动词
i
ng.
3
．现在进行时的否定句在
b
e
后加
not
。
4
．现在进行时的大凡疑问句把
b
e
动词调到句首。
5
．现在进行时的分外疑问的基本结构为：
疑问词不达意
+ be +
主语
+
动词
ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为：
疑问词不达意
+ be
+
动词
ing?
动词加
ing
的变化规则
1
．大凡情况下，直接加
ing
，如：
cook-cooking
2
．以不发音的
e
结尾，去
e
加
ing
，如：
make-
making, taste-tasting
3
．如果末尾
是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加
ing
，如：
run-running, stop-stopping
现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim
_________make__________
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go_________ like________ write________
_ski___________
read________
have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________
love____________
live_______
take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________
begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ (
sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother
_________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have)
an English lesson .
____________(not
,water) the flowers now.
! the girls
________________(dance )in the classroom .
is our granddaughter doing? She
_________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5
o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper
now
10.______Helen____________(wash
)clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换：
1. They
are doing housework
.(
分别改成大凡疑问句和否定句
)
__________________________________________________
___________
___________________________
__________________________________
2
．
The students
are cleaning the classroom .
(
改大凡疑问句并作肯定和否定
回
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<
/p>
答
)___________________________
________________________________________
_________________________________________________
______________3
．
I’m
playing the football in the playground
.(
对划线部分进行提问
)
____
__________________________________________________
___________
4
．
Tom
is reading books in his study .
(
对划线部分进行提问
)
_____
__________________________________________________
__________
四、将来时理论及练习
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某
事。句
中大凡有以下时间状语：
tomorrow, next day(week,
month, year…),soon,
the day after
tomorrow
（后天）等。
二、基本结构：
①be going to +
do
；
②will+
do.
三、否定句：在
be
动词（
am, is, are
）
l
后加
not
或情态动词<
/p>
will
后加
not
成
won’t
。
例如：
I’m going to have a
picnic this afternoon.→I’m not going to have a
picnic
thisafternoon.
四、大凡疑问
句：
be
或
will
< br>提到句首，
some
改为
any
, and
改为
or
，第一
二人称互换。
例如：
We are going to go on an
outing this weekend.→Are you going to go on
an outingthis weekend?
五、对划线
部分提问。大凡情况，大凡将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1.
问人。
Who
例如：
I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to
New York
soon.
2.
问干什么。
What…do.
例如：
M
y father is going to watch a race with me
thisafternoon.→What is your father
going to do with you this afternoon.
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<
/p>
3.
问什么时候。
When.
例如：
She’s going to go to bed at
nine.→When is she
goingto bed?
六、同义句：
be going to = will
I am going to go swimming
tomorrow
（明天）
. = I will go
swimming tomorrow.
练习：
填空。
1.
我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic
with my friends.
I ________ have a
picnic with my friends.
2.
下个
星期一你打算去干嘛
?
我想去打篮球。
What___________________________________
________nextMonday?I______
_______ _____
play basketball.
What _________ you do
next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3.
你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go
shopping this ___________?
Yes, she
_________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some
fruit.
4.
你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________
__________ meet?
改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go
camping.
（改否定）
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join
them.
（改否定）
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I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30
tomorrow.
（改大凡疑问句）
________ _______ ________ to get up at
6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the
bus stop at 10:30.
（改大凡疑问句）
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop
at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to
music after school.
（对划线部分提问）
________ _______ she ________ ________
_________ after school?
10. My father
and mother are going to see a play the day after
tomorrow.(
同上
)
_________ _________ going to see a play
the day after tomorrow.
用所给词的合适形式填空。
11.
Today is a sunny day. We ___________________
(have) a picnic this
afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to
Shanghai next week.
en______________(go
)__________
____ (go) to school by bike.
youusuallydoatweekends?Iusually________
__(watch)TVand_______
_____(catch)
insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What
_____she _________ (do) this weekend? She
______________(watch) TV and
_____________ (catch) insects.
16. What
___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I
____________ (pick) apples
on a
______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________
(milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________
(visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18.
Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground
yesterday.
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19. David ______________
(give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I
________________ (plan) for my study now
五、大凡过去时
1
< br>．大凡过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去
的时间状
语连用。大凡过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2
．
Be
动词在大凡过去时中的变化：
⑴
am
和<
/p>
is
在大凡过去时中变为
was
。（
was
not=wasn’t
）
⑵
are
在大凡过去时中变为
were
。（
were
not=weren’t
）
⑶
带有
was
或
were
的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和
is
,am,are
一样，即否
定句在
wa
s
或
were
后加
not
，大凡疑问句把
was
或<
/p>
were
调到句首。
< br>3
．句中没有
be
动词的大凡过
去时的句子
否定句：
didn’t
+
动词原形，如：
Jim didn’t go home
yesterday.
大凡疑问句：在句首加
did
，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如：
Did Jim go home yesterday?
分外疑问句：
⑴
疑问词
+did+
主语
+
动词原形？
如：
What did Jim
do yesterday?
⑵
疑问词当主语时：疑问词
+
动词过去式？
如：
Who went to home
yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则：
1
．大凡在动词末尾加
-ed
，如：
pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2
．结尾是
e
加
d
，如：
taste-tasted
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<
/p>
3
．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写
末尾的辅
音字母，再加
-ed
，如：<
/p>
stop-stopped
4
．以
“
辅音字母
+y”
结尾的，变
y
为
i
，再加
-ed
，如：
study-
studied
5
．不规则动词过去式：
am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-
said,give-gave,get-got,go-
went,come-
came,have-had,eat-ate,take-
took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-
made,read-
read,write-wrote,draw-drew,
drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke,
sweep-
swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
isam_________ fly_______ plant________
are ________
drink_________ play_______
go________ make ________
does_________
dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________
draw________ put ______
throw________
kick_________ pass_______ do ________
B
e
动词的过去时练习（
1
）
Name ____________ No. ______
Date __________
一、用
be
动词的合适形式填空
1. I _______
at school just now.
2. He ________ at
the camp last week.
3. We ________
students two years ago.
4. They
________ on the farm a moment ago.
5.
Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
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6. There ________ an apple on the plate
yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk
in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile
phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
二、句型转换
1. It was
exciting.
否定句：
______________
__________________________________
大凡疑问
句：
_____________________________________
_______
肯、否定回答：
_____________
_____________________________
2. All
the students were very excited.
否定句：
__________________________________________
______
大凡疑问句：
_______________
_____________________________
肯、否定回答：
_________________________________________
_
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句：
_________________________________
_______________
大凡疑问句：
______
______________________________________
肯、否定回答：
________________________________
__________
Be
动词的过去时练习（
2
）
Name
____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、用
be
动词的合适形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
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3. They _______ glad to see each other
last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________
good friends.
5. The little dog _____
two years old this year.
6. Look, there
________ lots of grapes here.
7. There
________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8. Today _____the second of June.
Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____
Children’sDay. All the students ______
very excited
.
二、句型转换
1. There
was a car in front of the house just now.
< br>否定句：
________________________________
________________
大凡疑问句：
_____
_______________________________________
肯、否定回答：
_______________________________
___________
肯、否定回答：
_________
_________________________________
三、
xx
1
．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
_______________________________________
____________________
2
．他们的外套
上个
xx
放在卧室里了。
____________________________________________ _______________
3
．一会以前
xx
有两只小鸟。
___
__________________________________________________
______
行为动词的过去时练习（
1
）
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Name ____________ No. ______ Date
__________
一、用行为动词的合适形式填空
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two
years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a
bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a
party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________
(pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with
Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play)
chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food
last Spring Festival.
8. The girls
________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
二、句型转换
1. Su Hai
took some photos at the Sports day.
否定句
：
______________________________________
__________
大凡疑问句：
___________
_________________________________
肯、否定回
答：
_____________________________________
_____
2. Nancy went to school early.
否定句：
__________________________
______________________
大凡疑问句：
____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：
_________________________
_________________
3. We sang some
English songs.
否定句：
_________
_______________________________________
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