定语从句顺口溜

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2021年02月22日 14:26
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2021年2月22日发(作者:艰涩的意思)


【定语从句】定语从句顺口溜



1.


定从分类有奥妙


,

< p>
限与非限看逗号


;


定前必有先行词,


名代两类最适宜;


定从先行很紧密,


代副两词拉


关系;



2.


关 系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破;


which


表物人用


who,


人物都有


that

顾;


which


用在逗号后,意表


前句你要


know;who


做主语很称职,

whom


用到宾语里;




用法真有趣,



两个地方它不去;逗号后边它不去,



介词之后不考虑;



which< /p>


代表物,区别听我来叙述;先行若是不定代,


that

< p>
就把


which


踹;



先行词前有两数,



就用


that


定无误;先行词前最高级,



还用


that


必无疑;



句中若有


there be, that


应把


which


替;先行主中做表语,



避免重复从句里;




Just the only very same last,


其后也要用


that;




5.


指人可用


that who,


以下情况多用


who;Those people


做先行,


There be


的结构中;



先行指人不定代,从 中做主


who


要在;两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才;



6.


定从之中少定语,

< br>whose


为你唱一曲;


Whose

指人又指物,所属关系要记住。



/which


在句末,若有否定


as


错;句首只能用


as,


还有认知猜想词;



固定结构用


as, the same /such/so/as;So /such …that


宾不离,

so/such…as


宾要弃;



8.


关系代词到这里,主宾表定作用起;关系代词做宾语,省与不省全靠你;



9.


关系副词


wh en/where/why,


从中做状莫懈怠;时间用


whe n


原因


why,


地点

< br>where


经常在;关系副词


可替换,介词加上关系代; 关系代,关系代,


that



who< /p>


要除外;挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行;聪


明反被聪明误,只 因乱用关系副;关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住;它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷;



10.


只记上边不可以,特殊情况告诉你;先行用


way


做状语


, in which/ that /


略可以;


one of +


复做先行 ,


从中谓语复数明,


one


前若有


only/very,


从中谓语定用单



;定从名从可转换,


all that




what


换;



定语从句顺口溜分段解析:



1.


定从分类有奥妙


,


限与非限看逗号


;


定语从句分为两大 类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,区分它们有两个标准:


1

)从内容上看,


限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,去掉后意 思就不完整了;非限制性定语从句只对


先行词起补充说明的作用,去掉后不影响句子的完 整性。


2


)从形式上看,限制性定语从句与先行词之间没


有逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句:



The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(


限制性


)


The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(


非限制性


)


解析:第一句中的


who is wearing a blue necklace


是限制性定语从句,没有逗号,不那去掉,否则意


思不完整。



定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜;例句:



1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.


有人要和你讲话。



2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.


那些赞成计划的举起了手。



3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.


这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。



解析:例句中


somebody



th ose


是代词,


novel


是名词,是 被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词,可以做


先行词的是名词和代词两类。



定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系;



定语从句都在先行词之后,


连接定从和先行词的词,


叫做关系词。


关系词有两类:


关系代词和关系副词。

< p>
关系词要注意两点:


1



它的人称、


数和意思完全等同于先行词,


2


关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分。



例句



1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.



正在踢足球的男生们是一班的。



解析 :


who



boys ,

< p>
在定语从句中做主语,所以其后谓语用


are


。< /p>



例句



2) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.


足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。



解析:


which=game,


在定语从句中做主语。



例句



3



I still remember the day when I first came to the school.


我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天。



解析:


when


是关系副词=


on the day,


在定语从句中做时间状语。



例句



4



The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.


十年前我住的房子已经被拆了。


< br>解析:


where


是关系副词=


in the house,


在定语从句中做地点状语。



例句



5



Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.


请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。



解析 :


why


是关系副词=


for the reason,


在定语从句中做原因状语。



2.


关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破;



六个关系代词是:


that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as




注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。


< br>which


表物人用


who,


人 物都有


that


顾;



先行词是物,关系代词用


which


,也可以用


that;


先行词是人,关系代词用


who,


也可以用


that;


先行词中


既有人,又有物,关系代词只能用


that


。< /p>



例句



1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year.




这就是我去年参观的那个山村。



解析:先行词


mountain village


是物,可用


which



t hat,


因为定语从句中


visit


后缺宾语,说明


which



that


应该在定从中做宾语,所以还可以省略。



例句



2



The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend.



你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。



解 析:先行词


man


表人,关系词可以用


who/that/whom


,因为定语从句中缺宾语,关系代词应该在定


语从句中做宾语,所以可以省略;另外,


whom


是 专门用来做宾语用的,而


who


则只是在口语中才用。



例句



3



This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history.



这本杂志是我们历史老师的。



解析: 先行词


teacher


是人,关系代词用


who



that,


因为在定语从句中做主语,所以不能省略。



例句



4



He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited.



他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。



解析:先行词



the teachers and schools


中既有人又有物,关系代词只能用



that,


又因为


that


在定语


从句中做宾语,所以又可以省略。



which


用在逗号后,意表前句你要


know;

< p>
这是


which


用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用 法。



例句


1



He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.



他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。



解析:


which


是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:他似乎没 抓住我的意思。



例句


2



Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.


液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。



解 析:


which


是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:液态水变为蒸 汽。



who


做主语很称职,


whom


用到宾语里;



先行词是表示人的词,


定语从句中如果缺主语,


要用


who


做关系代词,


如果缺宾语,


正规场合下用


whom,


口语中也可以用


who




例句



1



He is the boy who often goes to school late.


他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。



解析:先行词


the boy


指人, 后面的定语从句中缺少主语,因此用关系代词


who




例句



2



She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.


她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太。



解析:


先行词


the old wom an


指人,


后面的定语从句中缺少宾语,


所以用


whom,


口语中也可以用


w ho





用法真有趣,



两个地方它不去;逗号后边它不去,



介词之后不考虑;



That


做为关系代词,不可用在非限制性定语从句中,即不可用在逗号后边;定语从句中介词之后也不< /p>


可使用。在逗号或介词后,指物时用


which,


指人时用


who



whom< /p>




例句


1



They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.



A. whom B. who C. which D. that


解析:在介词


of


之后指物,选择

C which




例句



2



The engineer with _____my father works is about 50 years old.



A. whose


B.


who


C.


which D.


whom



解析:选择



D whom


。介词后指人。



例句



3



The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.



A. which B. that C. whom D. who



解析:选择



D who


。逗号后指人,在定语从句中做主语。




which


代表物,区别听我来叙述;



先行若是不定代,


that


就把


wh ich


踹;



当先行词为

< p>
anything



everything



nothing



all



any


much



many


< p>
one


等不定代词时,


只能使用

< br>“that”,


不用



“which”




例:


Is there anything that I can do for you?


我能给你做点什么吗?




先行词前有两数,



就用


that


定无误;



当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时,只能使用


“that”


,不用



“which”




例句:



That is the second time that I have been to Japan.


那是我去日本的第二次。




The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.



坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。



先行词前最高级,



还用


that


必无疑;



当先行 词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用


“that”,


不用



“which”





例句:


This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.


这是我度过的最美好的时光。




句中若有


there be, that


应把


which


替;



例:


There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict


natural disasters.


说动物拥有神秘的第六感,可以预知自然灾害,这是没有根据的。



先行主中做表语,



避免重复从句里;



例句:

< p>
1



This is not the hospital that it used to be.



这已经不再是以前那座医院了。



2



Mr Thomson is not the man that he was.


汤姆森先生已经不再是以前的他了。



解析:定语从句的先行词均在主句中做表语。



例句:


Which is the course that we are to take ?



我们要学哪门课?



解析:句中已有< /p>


which,


后面不再用


which,< /p>


避免重复用


that


< br>



Just the only very same last,


其后也要用


that;




先行词前有


Just



the only




very



same



last


等词,关系代词用


that


,不用


which




例句:


1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears.



北极是唯一能见到北极熊的地方。




2



This is the same bike that he lost.


这就是他丢了的那辆自行车。




注意区分:




3) This is the same bike as he lost.


这辆自行车和他丢的那辆一样。(但不是)



5.


指人可用


that who,


以下情况多用


who;


Those people


做先行,


There be


的结构中;



例句:



1) Those who are for the plan, please raise your hands.


赞成计划的人请举手。



2) People who create computer viruses are called hackers.


制造电脑病毒的人被称为黑客。



3) There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to play games every night.



曾经有一个小男孩每天晚上都来网吧玩游戏。



先行指人不定代,从中做主


who


要在;



先行词是指人的不定代词,如



one



someone



anyone



nobody


等词,或指人的关系 代词在定语


从句中做主语,要用


who,

而不用


that




例句:



1



Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you.


懂得一点科学知识的人都不会相信你的话。



解析:


nobody


是指人的不定代词,用< /p>


who,


不用


that




2



The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car.



那个装扮成经理的贼在偷车时被当场抓获。


< br>解析:


who


指人,在定语从句中做主语。



两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才;



一个先行词有两个定语从句时,关系代词要避免重复使用。



A plant that can cure diseases, which was known by the ancient Chinese , is called Chinese herbal


medicine.


一种能够治病的,被古代中国人所熟知的植物,叫做中药。


< /p>


6.


定从之中少定语,


whose


为你唱一曲;


Whose


指人又指物,所属关 系要记住。



Whose


也是一个关系 代词,在定语从句中做定语,表示人与人、人与物或物与物之间的所属关系,特


别要注意 ,物与物之间的关系也用


whose




例句



1)Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the country?



解析:


anyo ne


是先行词,


whose=anyone’s


,在定语从句中做定语。



例句



2) Pass me the book whose cover is red.



解析:


the book


是先行词,


whose=the book’s,


在定语从句中做定语。



/which


在句末,若有否定


as


错;

< p>


as




which


都可指代前面一句话,请看例句


:


1



Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.



爱丽丝受到了她老板的邀请,这使她感到吃惊。



2



The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.



天气结果变好了,这是我们没有预料到的。


< br>若有否定


as


错;



3



The result of the experiment was very good, _______ we hadn't expected.





A. when B. that C. which D. what



【简析】答案是


C

< br>。由于非限定性定语从句是否定结构,只能用


which


引导,不能用


as


来替代


which< /p>




句首只能用


as,


还有认知猜想词;



置于句首时 ,非限定性定语从句只能用


as


引导。例如:

< br>



As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.



众所周知,月亮每月绕地球一周。



与表示认知猜想的词,如


know, expect, see, report,


连用时,要用


as




1



As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.



我们知道,吸烟对健康有害。



2



As is expected, his daughter entered a key university.


正如人们所期望的那样,他的女儿考入了一所重点大学。



固定结构用


as, the same /such/so/as;




1





the same …as….


结构中。意思是





……


一样的





例如:



Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places.





重庆和我们在其它地方看过的城市不一样。





注意区分


: the same ….that….,


请看例句:




This is the same pen that I lost.


这正是我所丢的钢笔。(同一)




This is the same pen as I lost.


这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。(相似,不是一个)


< p>
2


)在


as...as


结 构中,意思是




……


那样的



。例如:






No period in history has had as many important changes _______ have taken place in the past


century.


没有哪个历史阶段像过去的一个世纪这样有如此多的重大变化。



3


)在


such…as…


结构中


,


意思是




……


那样的



。例如:




Mathilde had to work hard day and night and bought such a diamond necklace as she had lost to


pay back to Jeanne.



马帝尔德不得不日日夜夜地干活,来买一个像被她丢掉的那样的钻石项链还给让。

< p>


So /such …that


宾不离,


so/such…as


宾要弃;


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