高考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨
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高考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨
一.阅读理解的测试要点如下:
1
.理解主旨大意;
2
.寻读具体信息;
3
.理解细节;
4<
/p>
.根据上下文提供的语境,推测生词词义,进而加深对文段的理解;
5
.简单的判断和理解;
6
.理解文段的基本逻辑结构;
7
.理解作者的意图和态度;
8
.理解文段的文化信息;
9
.理解图表信息;
10
.理解指代关系。
从高考命题的实际情况看,命题者常用下述方法提问:
1
.
What is the
purpose of the text?
2
.
What does the author
mainly tell US about in the passage?
3
.
What can we infer from the
passage?
4
.
What can be inferred from
the passage?
5
.
It
can be concluded from the text that
?
6
.
What can we learn from the
text?
7
.
What is the general
idea/main idea of the text?
8.
The passage mainly focuses on
?
9. What is the
main subject discussed in the text?
10. It can be inferred from the passage that?
11. It can be inferred from the that
the author seems to?
12. What is
the best title of the text/for the article?
13. The best title for this passage
is?
14. What can we infer from
the last/the first two paragraphs?
15. The meaning of the word/sentence in Paragraph
X is related to?
16. In
Paragraph X,
17. The underlined word
18. The text is mainly written to
explain.
19. Which of the following
statements is true?
20. Which of
the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
基于上述测试要点,学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能,才能获取和处理信息:
1
.略读;
2
.找读;
3
.预测下文;
4
.理解大意;
5
.分清文章中
的事实和观点;
6
.猜测词义
7
.推理判断;
8
,了解重点细节;
9
。理解文章结构;
10.
理
解图表信息;
11.
理解指代关系;
12.
理解逻辑关系;
13.
理解作
者意图;
14.
评价阅读内容。
要具备上述技能,应该做到:
1.
学
会使用
3500
个左右的单词、
400
-500
个合成词与派生词和
400-500
< br>个习惯用语
或固定搭配;
2.
除
教材外,
课外阅读量应累积达到
30
万
词以上,
换言之,
长度
300
词左右的文段
1000
篇;
3.
能通过分析句子的结构理解难句和长句
(
能理解语言结构有一定难度或有一定新语言现象
的
文段
)
;
4.
能
根据阅读目的和文段的不同,
调整阅读速度和阅读方法,
阅读速
度每分钟
70-80
词。
二、文章分类分析
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文章一般可分为说明文、论说文、叙述文以及广告等。
p>
根据历年考试的情况看,说明文、论说文的文长基本控制在
300<
/p>
词左右。因此,文
章的主旨大意多出现在第一段,
甚至第一段的前几句,
最后一段多与第一段呼应;
至于
中间
的部分,多是论据或说明文的展开部。阅读理解的问题也以如下形式出现:
1. What is the best title for/of the
passage?
2. What can be inferred from the
passage?
3. What does the author mainly tell us
about in the text
?
4.
What is mainly discussed in the
article/passage/text?
做答这类问题时,
将阅读重点放在首尾部分,
中间部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式,
一则省时间,二则目标明确,正答率自然也相应提高了。
示例
2004
年全国卷Ⅱ,
C
篇,
介绍
1971<
/p>
年版大众车。
根据内容,是一篇说明小文。
It’s
not
the
flashiest
car
in
the
world.
Not
even
close
.
But
in
the
1971
Volkswagen
named
Helios
can
do
something
most
cars
can’t:
run
on
solar
energy-
energy
from the sun’s light and
heat!
66. What would
be the best title for the text?
A
.
The Making of Helios
B
.
1999 American
Tour on the Road
C
.
Sun-powered Cars On the
Road
D
.
Use of Green
Cars in Connection
(
一
)
阅读理解之细节题的解题思路
主题思想只是文章的框架,作者在构思过程中,还必须对要表
达的观点或信息进
行具体的陈述,读者应能准确记住作者在陈述中谈到是何人、何处、何
事、和何时何故,这
是十分重要的。因此,读者必须重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点
等。对于这类细节性的
问题,
多数文章都比较明显地提供了事实
和细节,
其答案必定在文章论述范围之内。
读者应
该找出文章中为所作的选择提供依据的单词和句子,
而不能脱离原文去获取信
息,
也不能仓
促地作出没有原文根据的假设。
< br>
细读是获取事实和细节不可缺少的
方法之一,
它使读者能够接受信息、
记忆信息、
分析信息,从而较深入地领会一篇文章。
这类题型主要有三种形式:问句式,不完整的陈述句和排除法。
1
.问句式
A
.其发问形式主要有以下几种:
How did something happen?
Which of the following people should(not) do it?
Which of the following did somebody
have to deal with... ?
Where should
somebody do something?
B
.解题技巧
p>
在解这类题时,可采用“对号入座”的办法,即带着问题找句子,先看文章后面
的问题
(
这常常被认为是非常有效的方法
)
,
注意记忆关键的词语,
如。
人物、
时间、
事件等,
确定每道题目的发问中心,也,
就是说,某个问题是针对什么提问的。这
样我们就可以带着
问题去阅读文章,做到有的放矢。
把每个问题的发问中心反馈到原文中去。当读到有关解答发问
中心的信息时,可
在有关信息下面画一直线以示突出。
如果问题
的顺序没有按顺序给出,
可以在原文信息下画
线的同时,把问题
的题号也标出来,便于最后检查,并节约时间。
在原文中找出
对发问中心的解答信息后,
可把原文信息放到问题中去,
与每一
选项进行对照,
与原文信息相符的那项,即是正确的答案。
Cattle have served humanity since
prehistoric(
史前
) days as
beasts of
burden and as supplier of
leather, meat, and milk. Some of the earliest
written
records
concern
the
sale
of
cattle.
These
valuable
animals
are
unusual
in
that
they
do
not
have
front
teeth
in
their
upper
jaw.
Instead
they
chew
with
their
back
teeth
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and gums
(
齿龈
). Cows swallow their
food quickly and store it in the fat stomach
or rumen, the first of the four
compartments stomachs in their.
Questions: According to the passage, what is the
rumen?
A. The first stomach
compartment.
B. The name of the upper
jaw.
C. The stomach where
digestion (
消化
) takes place.
D. The name of the
bacteria(
细菌
) in the cow's
stomach.
带着发问中心及选择项目阅读原文
。当我们读到
rumen
这个词时,可在它下面画
一横线,紧接此词下面一句“first of the four compartments
in their stomachs”,正
是解释
rumen
的,可在它的下面画一虚线并可标出题号和选择项。
2
.不完整的陈述句式
A
.常见形式有:
Something can be best classified as
.
A
certain kind of person is someone who
.
People are looking for better ways to
.
According to the author,“it”was caused
by
.
B
.解题技巧:
这类题的答案与原文在字面上的差异很大,有时还要找出与前
句的内容在逻辑上
的联系,因此答这类题时准确理解是关键,一定要冷静,
仔细分析。在做不完整的陈述式题
目时候,
仍可参考
上面列举的解题步骤。
第一步,
阅读题目,
找出问题的发问中心。
第二步,
带着这些问题来阅读文章。
第三步,根据前两步的分析和判断,选择出最符合题意的答案。
3
.排除式
A
.常见形式有:
Which of the following are NOT
mentioned in the passage?
Which of the
following is TRUE?
Which of the
following is NOT listed in ... ?
Which of the following is NOT included in the
passage?
B
.解题技巧:
p>
做这类题时,首先要仔细阅读题后的选项,牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容,然
后阅读原文。
凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的,
我们可以在这些信息下面划线,
以作
为排除的内容。
如果基本选项的内容在原文找不到相应的信息,
那么该选项即为该题的答
案。
这类题与前两种题型不同,
后者答案应包括在原文内容中,
即与所述的事实具有直接或间接
的联系,
而前者的答案是被排除在原文内容之外的,
因此在答题时要将与原文内容有关的三
p>
个选项排除,剩下的一个才是答案。
Life on Land
Life on land probably
began about 430 million years ago, though it has
existed in
the
water
for
perhaps
as
long
as
3000
million
years.
When
we
think
of
the
first
life
on land, we probably
think of strange animals coming out of the oceans,
but, in
fact
,no
animals
could
have
been
living
if
plants
had
not
been
on
land
first.
Plants
had
to
be
on
land
before
animals
arrived.
They
supplied
the
first
land
animals
with
the
surrounding
and
food
necessary,
since
they--the
plants
are
the
only
form
of
life
that is able to get and
store energy.
The first plants to exist
out of
the water were probably certain
kinds of
algae
(
海藻
) which were followed by
other plants that grew close to the ground and
needed water in which to reproduce.
Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Algae have existed for more than
430 million years.
B. It is
impossible that algae might be the earliest plant
on land.
C. Plants get food from
animals in the oceans.