by the time用法
-
By the time
用法详解
•
by the time
意为
“
到
……
时候（为止）
”
，是一个介词短语，在句中经常
起连词作用，
引导时间状语从句
。它的主要用法如下：
•
1.
如果
从句中的谓语动词是一般过
去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成
时，
表示
“
截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去<
/p>
”
。例如：
By the time he returned
home
，
the rain had stopped.
•
By the time I got to the
station
，
the train had
already gone
。
•
2.
如
果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时
/
或现在完成时（表示将来）
，那么主句中的谓
语动词常为将来完成时
，表示
“
截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成
”
。
By the time you
get back
，
I shall have
finished the work.
•
By the time I
graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5
years.
•
By the time of next term , we will have
learned 3000 words.
•
3.
如果主句动作不强调已经完成，
只是说明某个时候的状况，
（主句是
be
的系表形式
或者是表示像
know, find, beli
eve
等表示认知的持续性动词，
则往往用一般时态，不用
完成时态。
）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时
态，此时
by
the
time
相当于
when
。
例如：
•
He was out of breath by the
time he reached the top.
By the time the bus
came
，
so many people were
waiting that it was a free fight to get on it.
公共汽车来的时候，等车的人很多，成了一场挤车的混战。
•
By
the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.
出国那年他
14
岁。
•
By the time the
war
was
over , death and
suffering
were to be
seen
everywhere.
•
在战争结束的时候，到处可见死亡和饥饿。
< br>这里没有
“
死亡和饥饿
”
已经完成的意思，
只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以用过去时。<
/p>
•
巩固练习：
•
1.
（
2005
天津卷）
By the time Jane gets
home
，
her aunt
_____for London to attend a
meeting.
A.
will leave
B. leaves
•
C. will have left
D.
left
•
2.
By the time you have finished this
book, your meal ___
cold.(2012
四川卷
)
•
A. gets
B. has got
C. will get
D. is getting
•
3.
（
2009
北京卷）
When I talked with my grandma on the
phone
，
she
sounded weak
，
but
by the time we _____ up
，
her voice had been full of life.
A. were hanging
B.
had hung
•
C.
hung
D. would hang
•
4.
―
Did you see Xiao Li at the
party
？
―
No
，<
/p>
_____by the time I arrived.
A.
she
’
d left
B.
she
’
s left
•
C. she was left
D. she must leave
5. By the time I saw the angry
expression on his
face
，
I_____ what I had to
face.
A.
knew
B.
have known
•
C.
would know
D. had known
6.
（
2008
四
川卷）
The
telephone_____
，
but by the time I got
indoors
，
it stopped.
A. had rung B.
was ringing C. rings D. has rung
•
7.
（<
/p>
2008
山东卷）
By the time he realizes he _____into a
trap
，
it
’ll be
too late
for him
to do anything about it.
A.
walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
精选文库
情态动词用法总结如下表
情态
动词
can
用
法
1.
表示能力（体力，技能）
2.
允许或许可（口语中常用）
3.
可能性（表猜测，用于否定
句或疑问句
中）
4.
用于肯定句表示理论可能性
可以（问句中表示请求）
可能，或许（表推测）
祝愿（用于倒装句中）
否定式
can not /
cannot
/can’t do
Can…do…?
couldn’t
do
May…do…?
疑问式
简答式
could
Yes,…can.
No,…can’t.
may
might
may not do
might not do
Yes,…may.
No,…mustn’t/can’t.
Yes,…might
No,…might not.
Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t/don’t
have
Yes,…do.
No,…don’t.
Yes,
…ought.
No,…oughtn’t.
Yes,…shall.
No,…shan’t.
Might…do…?
must
必须，应该（表主观要求）
must
肯定，
想必
（肯定句中表推测）
not/mustn’t do
只好，不得不（客观的必须，
有时态和人称的变化）
应当（表示义务责任，口语中
多用
should
）
Must…do…?
have to
ought
to
don’t have to do
Do…have to do…?
ought
not
to/oughtn’t
to
Ought…to do…?
do
shall
用于一三人称征求对方意见
shall
not/shan’t
用于二三人称表示许诺、
命令、
Shall…do…?
do
警告、威胁等
应当，应该（表义务责任）
本该（含有责备意味）
意愿，决心
请求，
< br>建议，
用在问句中
would
比
较委婉
敢
（常用于否定句和疑问句中）
需要，必须（常用于否定句和
疑问句中）
should
Should…do…?
not/shouldn’t do
will
not/won’t
do
would
not/wouldn’t
do
should
will
would
dare
need
Will/Would…do…?
Yes,…will.
No,…won’t.
Yes,…dare.
No,…daren’t.
Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t.
Yes,…used.
No,…use(d)n’t.
Yes,…did.
No,…didn’t.
dare
not/daren’t
Dare…do…?
do
need
not/needn’t
do
used
not/usedn’t/usen
’t
to do
didn’t use to
do
Need…do…?
used to
过去常常（现在已不再）
Used…to do…?
Did…use to do…?
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