Unit 7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
-
Unit 7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
词汇精讲
1.
praise
< br>(
1
)
praise
意为“赞扬,称赞”既可以作名词又可以作动词。例如:
His teacher praised him for his
courage.
他的老师赞扬了他的勇气。
I have nothing but praise for you.
我对你唯有称赞。
(
2
)
p>
praise
的形容词形式是
proud<
/p>
,常用于词组
be
proud
of
,意为“因„„而自豪”。
例如:
That
’
s a beautiful piece of
work. You should be proud of it.
那件作品非常漂亮,你应当为之自豪。
We are proud of our country.
我们为我们的祖国而自豪。
2.
between
&
among
这两个介词均含“在„„之间,在„„之中”之意。
(
1
p>
)
between
多指两者之间,但现代
英语中也可指三者或三者以上,表示彼此间清楚
的独立的个体关系,指每两者之间。例如
:
She takes medicine between
three meals every day.
她每天在两餐之间吃药。
(
2
)
p>
among
指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间。例如:
Mr. Wu is sitting among the students.
胡老师坐在学生们中间。
词汇精讲
3.
forward
forward
作副词时,意为“前进地;向前”,常用于词组
look
forward to
,
意思是
p>
“期待,盼望”,
to
是介词,后面接名词
或者动名词。例如:
I look forward to being alone in the
house.
我盼望能自己一人在这所房子。
We look forward to the
return of spring.
我们期待着春天的到来。
【拓展】
虽然介词
to
与动词不定式符号
to
在形式上相同,但用法各异。主要区别
归纳如下:
(
1
)介词
to
< br>表示“向、往、对于
”
p>
等,既可以指时间、方向、距离、对象或结果,
又可以指程度、直接
或间接关系,后面必须接名词、代词等构成介词短语。例如:
Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东面。
Let
’
s drink to his health.
让我们为他的健康干杯。
He
tied the monkey to the tree.
他把猴子拴在树上。
(
2
)动词
不定式符号
to
无词义,后面必须接动词原形,构成不定式短语
。例如:
To play
computer games is wrong.
玩电脑游戏是错误的。
My
job is to teach
English.
我的工作是教英语。
I wish to go there.
我希望去那儿。
4.
beat
beat
是及物动词,有以下用法:
(
1
p>
)意为“赢;打败;战胜”,后接人或某一团队、组织等,其过去式为
beat
。例如:
I
beat him at long jump yesterday.
昨天跳远我赢了他。
(
2
)意为
“打;击”,表示连续不断的打击。例如:
Who is beating the drum?
谁在打鼓?
(
3
)表示
“(心脏)等跳动”。例如:
I feel my
heart is beating fast.
我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。
【拓展】
beat
和
win
都有“赢”的意思,但用法不同:
beat
的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织;而
win
的宾语为比赛或
某个项目,过去式
为
won
。例如:<
/p>
Though we were weak, we beat them.
虽然我们弱,但我们赢了他们。
Who win the first prize in
the competition?
谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖?
5.
author
&
writer
author
名词,意为“作者,作家”,是指出版过书的作者,
writer
< br>多指没有出版过书
但是为报刊写过稿子的作者
(撰稿人、
抄写员、
文书等)
。
< br>best
author
指畅销书作者,
film
auth
or
指电影电视剧本作家,
writer
club
指写作爱好者协会。例如:
Mark Twain is his favorite
author.
马克•吐温是他最喜爱的作家。
Her mother is a
good writer.
她妈妈是名很好的抄写员。
6. work,
task
&
job
(
1
p>
)
work
最普通用词,含义广,指人们
日常生活和工作中所从事的有目的的体力或脑
力劳动。例如:
I have to bring my work home today.
今天我得把工作带回家做。
(
2
)
p>
task
通常指分派给的任务,也指自愿的工作,但往往是艰巨或
令人厌烦的工作。
例如:
She had the difficult task of pulling out all the
weeds.
她的苦差事是拔除所有的杂草
(
3
)
job
多用于口语,侧重指受雇用的,以谋生为目的工作,不论有无技术,也不管
是零工或散工。例如:
He did all
kinds of odd jobs.
他做各种零活。
7. progress
progress
是不可数名词,意
为“进步,上进;发展”。例如:
make progress
取得进步
make progress
with
„在„„方面取得进步
Tom is making much progress
at school now. Tom
现在在学校进步很大。
8. rest
(
1
)
p>
rest
作名词,
意为
< br>“休息,
剩余部分,
支持物”
,
have
a
rest
意为
“休息一下”
,
th
e rest of
意为“其余的„„,剩下的„„”。例如:
You are too
tired. You
’
d better have a
rest now.
你太累了。你现在最好休息
一下。
The rest of
the book are my birthday presents.
剩下的书是我的生日礼物。
When you are sitting, keep
your elbow on the arm rest.
坐立时,把胳膊肘靠在
扶手上。
(
p>
2
)
rest
作动词,意为“使休息,使轻松”。
The bird rested itself on
the branch.
那只鸟站在树枝上休息。
词汇精练
I.
英汉互译。
1.
look
forward
to
____________
2.
thousands
of
__________3.
放弃
___________
4.
come
along
_________
5.
all
the
time
_________
6.
sum
up
__________
7.
看起来像
_________
8.
过了一会儿
__________ 9. in the
face of _________
10. in silence ___________
答案与解析
1.
期待,期盼
2.
数以千计的
3. give up
4.
出现
5.
总
是,一直
6.
总结,
概括
7. look like
8. after a
while
9.
面对
10.
沉
默地
II.
根据所给汉语或首字母提示完成下列单词的拼写,使句
意明确,语言通顺。
1
.
They sat there
in s______
.
They
didn
’
t talk with each
other
.
2
.
He
______(
查看、审视
) the car from
the outside and admired
greatly
.
3
.
We
have made some ______(
进展
)
towards reaching an
agreement
.
4
.
The
______(
交易
) will not be
disadvantageous(
不利的
) to your
company
.
5
.
We
are tired
.
Let
’
s ______(
休息
)
< br>.
6
.
We are off ____
__(
一会儿
)
.
7. Our team
b________ theirs in the end.
8
.
Mike's father
looks happy because his son has made great
______(
进步
)this
year
.
9. The a________ of this
book is Mark Twain.
10. You should read as many English
books as p_______.
答案与解析
1
.
silence
2
.
surveyed
3
.
progress
4
.
deal
5
.
ta
ke
/
have
a
rest
6
.
for a while
7. beat
8
.
progress
9. author
10. possible
III.
用方框中所给词或短语的适当形式填空。
1
.
I
don
’
t get many chances
_______(talk) to her
recently
.
2
.
The
students went on _______(talk) and laughing on the
way
.
3
.
The teacher
often warns us _______(study)
harder
.
4
.
The
boy tricked the girl into _______(do) the homework
for him
.
5
.
Li
Ming began to learn English by _______(him) three
years ago
.
6. His mother loves him
very much and is always _______ (praise) of him.
答案与解析
1
.
to talk
2
.
talking
3
.
to study
4
.
doing
5
.
himself 6. proud
Ⅳ
.
选词填空。
1. The teacher are sitting
_________ (between
,
among)
the students.
2. Lily is sitting _______
(
between
,
among
)
Mary and Ann.
3. Our team
________ (won, beat) theirs last week.
4. Our team _______ (won,
beat) the game last week.
5. What
’
s your
mother
’
s ________ (work,
job, task)?
答案与解析
1. among 2. between 3. beat 4. won 5.
job
句式精讲
1. On
Saturday morning, every boy in town was happy,
except Tom Sawyer.
except
是“除„„之外
(
不包括本身在内
)
”的意思,含有否定和排除的意思,表示除
去一部分,着重在“不包括”
(not including)
的含义。例如
:
All the girls
went to the party except Xiao Hong.
除了小红外,其他女孩都参加了聚会。
(
小红没有参加。
)
All of us passed the final-
term examination except Alice.
除爱丽斯之外,我们大家都通过了期末考试。
【拓展】
besides,
except
&
except for
这三个短语都有“除„„之外”的意思,但具体用法不同:
besides
“除„„之外(还有„„)”指在整体中加入
一部分,表示一种累加关系,有“加上”
之意。
except
“除„„之外(没有„„)”着重强调在同类人
或物中除去一个或几个人或物。表示
一种排除关系。有“减除”之意。
< br>
except for
“除„„之外”,表示对整体
不要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正作用。
例如:
We are all here except/but
Tom.
除了
Tom
外,我们都到齐
了。(不包括
Tom
)
Besides milk,
we need vegetables.
除了牛奶,我们还需要蔬菜。
He is a good man except for
hot temper.
他是个好人,除了脾气暴躁。
2. What a pity!
What a pity
意为“真
遗憾!”句中的
pity
意为“可惜的事,令人遗憾的事”,是
可
数名词,
常用于
it
is
/was
a
pity
„句型中,
pity
后可接动词不定式,
可以接
that
从句。
pity
作“同情,怜悯”讲时是不可数
名词。
It
’
s a pity that
you can
’
t come to the party.
你不能来参加这次聚会真可惜。
She saw no pity in their
faces.
她在他们脸上看不到怜悯。
句式精讲
3. What did
Tom and Bekey do in order to find their way
back?
(
1
)本句中的
in order
to
是一个固定搭配的短语,意思是“为了”,后接动词原形
构
成不定式结构在句子中
作目的
状语,否定形式是在
to
前面加
not
。
in order
to
可以和
so as to
互换,
但后者不能放在句首。
例如:
In
order not to be late, you should go now.
为了不迟到,你现在应该走。
(
2
)
in
order to+
动词原形和
so as
to+
动词原形可以转换成
in order
that+
从句和
so
that+
从句。
He
did anything in order to make money.
=
He did anything in order that he could make money.
为了赚钱,他什么都做。
Please go in quietly so as not to wake
the baby.
=Please go in quietly so
that we won
’
t wake the baby.
请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。
4. Dr. Robinson hit Muff Potter and
knocked him out.
knock sb. out
的意思是“把某人打昏,使昏迷”例如:
The medicine
knocked him out.
这种药使他昏了过去。
His head hit a
table as he fell and he knocked himself out.
他摔了一跤,头撞在桌子上,昏了过去。
【拓展】与
knock
相关的其他短语:
knock down
击倒
knock off
停工,中断(工作等)
knock
into
与„„相撞
knock over
撞倒
句式精讲
5. The cave
wall looked like a frozen waterfall.
look
like
意为“看起来像„„”
应用
范围最广,除了描述人、物之外,也能抽象表
达事件或现象。例如:
He looks
like a famous movie star.
他看起来像一个电影明星。
That bicycle looks just
like the one I used to have.
那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。
It looks like
it's going to rain soon.
天看起来要下雨。
【注意】
What does/do
sb/sth look like?
这个句式是询问某个人或物的外貌特征。
例如:
—
What does the girl look
like?
那个女孩长什么样?
—
She is short
and thin.
她又矮又瘦。
而
be
like
意为“像„„”。例如:
—
What is the old
man like?
那个老人怎么样?
—
He
is kind.
他很和蔼。
【拓展】
like
< br>与
as
< br>like
与
as
作介词,都有“
像”的意思。但有一定区别。
<
/p>
like
意为“像„„一样”。用于相似关系,即两者在形态上或
性质上有相似之处,但
并不等于。
as
意为“作为;以„„身份”。用于说明同一关系,即两者实为一体。例如:
She talks to me
like my mother.
她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。(她不是我妈妈)
She talks to me
as a mother.
她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。(她是我妈妈)
6. Tom began to think of the games that
he wanted to play.
本句为含有定语从句的复合句,“
that he
wanted to
play
”为定语从句,修饰先行词
p>
games
,
that
为关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语。
【拓展】
在复合句中,
修饰某一名词或代词的
从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行
词。定语从句
必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词
that
,
who
,
which
等和
关系副词
when<
/p>
,
where
,
why
等,
且定语从句的关联词在从句中充当一定的成分,从句
中
谓语动词的时态及单复数要和它所修饰的先行词保持一致。
This is the
present
that
he gave me for
my birthday.
这是他给我的生日礼物。
Do
you know everybody
who
came
to the party?
你认识来宴会的每一位吗?
I still remember the night
when
I first came to the
village.
我仍旧记得第一次来到那个村庄的晚上。
This is the place
where
Chairman Mao once
lived.
这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。
句式精练
I.
句型转换。
1. Jenny worked hard in
order to catch up with others.
(
将简单句改为复合句
)
Jenny worked
hard _______ ______ she could catch up with
others.
2. It
was too hot. The soldiers went on exercising.
(
合并为一句
)
The soldiers
went exercising _______ _______ it was very hot.
3. Finally, a
man who is wearing glasses spoke in a loud voice.
(
合并为一句
)
Finally, a man
_______ _______ spoke in a loud voice.
4. I want to be a volunteer
because I think it is
great.
(合并成一个句子)
_________ a
volunteer _________ great.
5.
I
’
d like to help people who
don
’
t have
home.
(改为同义句)
I
’
d like to help_________
_________.
答案与解析
1.
so
that
2.
even
if
/
though
3.
wearing
glasses
4.
Being
,is
5.
homeless
people
II.
按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。
1.
你的好朋友长什么样?
What ______
your friend ______ ______?
2.
除了约翰之外,他们都去睡觉了。
They all
_______ ________ ________ ________ John.
3.
乔一拳将他打昏。
Joe _______him
_______ with one punch.
4
.嘲笑口吃的人是不人道的。
It
’
s cruel to ______ ______
______ people who stammer
.
5
.真遗憾,她没有早点告诉我。
______ ______ ______ that she
didn
’
t tell me
earlier
.
6
.你找到你上周丢失的那辆自行车
了吗
?
Have you found the bike ______ ______
______ last week?
< br>7
.你应该准备解决可能出现的任何问题。
You should be ready to solve any problem that may
______ ______
.
8
.我们默默地坐在那儿。
We
were sitting there ______
______
.
9
.他骗我借给了他
100
美元。
He ______ me
______ ______ him $$100
.
10
.过了一会儿那个女孩醒过来了。
The girl came to herself______ ______
______
.
答案与解析
1.
does, look like
2. went to sleep except
3. knocked, out
4
.
make fun of
5
.
What
a
pity
6
.
that
you
lost
7
.
come
along
8
.
in
silence
9
.
tricked
,
p>
into lending
10
.
after a while
III.
从方框中找出各句对应的答语,其中有两项为多余选项。
p>
A
.
You
’
p>
re welcome
.
B
.
What
’
s the name of the book?
C
.
It
’
s about a
girl called Alice
.
D
.
You may come
and renew it
.
E
.
Can I help you?
F
.
How long may I
keep the book?
G
.
What an
interesting book!
A: Good
morning
.
What can I do for
you?
B: I want
to borrow a book
.
A:
1
.
________
B: I
don
’
t
know
.
But I know what the
book is about
.
A: What is it about?
B:
2
.
_______ She fell down a
rabbit hole and went into a strange
world
.