江南逢李龟年古诗-2014山东高考录取查询

Unit 4
Part 1 Language Skills Development
1. Starter
A. Work with a partner and answer the following questions.
1. Do you believe in natural cures?
Your answer：
Reference answer： Not totally. While it is true that some diseases can be cured without taking
traditional drugs, modern medicine is indispensable. Whenever a person is sick, he or she should
consult a doctor.
2. Have you ever come across an irresponsible or ill-mannered doctor?
Your answer：
Reference answer： Yes. This kind of doctor is detestable. They totally forget their professional ethics,
and more often than not, they lack the requisite specialist skills.
B. Listen to a story and fill in the blanks.
1. The businessman always tried to [pay as little as possible] for what he needed.
2. Dr. Smith charged [five hundred dollars] for the first visit, but only twenty-five
dollars for [each visit after that].
3. Dr. Smith said there was no need to examine the businessman again. He asked the
businessman to continue taking the medicine [he prescribed last time].


A Clever Doctor and a Mean Patient
There was a businessman who always tried to pay as little as possible for what he needed. One
day he fell ill. He decided to go to a doctor and asked a friend to recommend one.
. Smith is a good one,

Ali Baba could hardly believe what he had seen! He did
not dare to climb down from his tree—the thieves might come out at any moment and find him. He
waited a long time.

each visit after that.
. Smith.
As he walked into the consulting room, he said,
dollars on the table.
The doctor looked at the businessman carefully for a moment, then smiled and put the money
into the drawer of his desk.

Tapescript:
Mind Map
consulting room

诊疗室

medicine I prescribed to you when you came to me last time.

2. Text
Info Box
1. Quack
A quack is
professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, or qualifications he or she does not possess
The word
who uses a salve.
their wares on the market shouting in a loud voice.
2. Medical Laboratory
A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on clinical
specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient. Laboratory tests are an
integral part of the workup of any patient, and constitute up to 80% of a physician's diagnosis
and treatment choice. In many countries, there are two main types of labs that process the
majority of medical specimens. Hospital laboratories are attached to a hospital, and perform
tests on patients. Private (or community) laboratories receive samples from general
practitioners, insurance companies, and other health clinics for analysis. These can also be called
reference laboratories where more unusual and obscure tests are performed.
As medical technology advances, doctors are able to get more and more tests done in shorter
and shorter amounts of time. While in the past a doctor might order a potassium (钾) and glucose
(葡萄糖) and it would take hours for the results, now a doctor can order a full chemistry panel of
20 or more different analytes (被分析化学物) and get the results within an hour. The results are
also much more accurate and reliable now than in the past.

A Doctor or a
Quack
? 医生还是江湖郎中？
1 The modern doctor's business is an extremely
simple one, which could be acquired in about two
weeks. This is the way it is done.
2 The patient enters the consulting room. ,
says, have a bad it?
,
above your head.
patient and strikes him a powerful blow on the back.

Then the doctor turns suddenly and lets him have a
left hook under the heart.
viciously, as the patient falls over on the sofa in a
heap. , and counts ten. The
patient rises. The doctor looks him over very carefully
without speaking, and then suddenly fetches him a
1 现在干医生这一行非常简单，大
约只需两个礼拜就能学会。下面就是医
生怎么看病的。
2 病人走进诊室，对医生说：“医
生，我痛死了！” 医生问：“哪里痛？”“这
里。”医生说：“站起来，把胳膊举过头。”
随后，医生走到病人背后，在他的后背
猛 击了一下。医生问：“感觉到痛了吗？”
病人答道：“感觉到了。”医生又突然转
过来，在他心 脏下方来了一记左钩拳。
病人倒在沙发上，瘫作一团，医生却恶
狠狠地问：“这样痛不痛？起来 。”医生
边说边从一数到十。病人就站了起来。
医生仔细地观察着他，一言不发。然后
突然在他的腹部捶了一拳，使他痛得弯

blow in the stomach that doubles him up speechless.
下身去，说不出话来。医生则走到窗户
The doctor walks over to the window and reads the
边，读了一会晨报。没一会儿，他转过
morning paper for a while. Presently he turns and
身来，不像是对病人说话，更像自言自
begins to mutter more to himself than to the patient.
语：“哦，是轻度中耳炎。”“是这样吗？”
slight anaesthesia of the
病人问道，感到无比恐惧。“医生，我该
tympanum.
怎么做呢？”医 生说：“你要保持安静；
of fear.
你必须躺在床上，保持安静。”当然，其
the doctor,
实呢，医生根本不知道病人的问题出在
to go to bed and stay there and keep quiet.
哪儿，但他明白，只要病人愿意躺在床
of course, the doctor hasn't the least idea what is
上并保持安静，而且是非常的安静，那
wrong with the man; but he DOES know that if he will
他要么在不知不觉中康复，要么就会静
go to bed and keep quiet, awfully quiet, he'll either get
悄悄地死去。同时，如果医生每天早上
quietly well again or else die a quiet death. Meantime,
都去走访病人，揍他一顿，就能让他乖
if the doctor calls every morning and thumps and
乖听话，或许还能迫使他承认自己得了
beats him, he can keep the patient submissive and
什么病。
3 病人完全被吓住了，问道：“医
perhaps force him to confess what is wrong with him.
3 about diet, doctor?says the patient,
生，饮食方面要注意什么？”
4 对这个问题有多种回答，这取决
completely cowed.
4 The answer to this question varies very much. It
于医生当时的情绪，以及距他自己上次
depends on how the doctor is feeling and whether it is
吃饭的时间。如果在接近中午时，医生
long since he had a meal himself. If it is late in the
已经很饿了，他便会说：“哦，别害怕，
morning and the doctor is extremely hungry, he says,
多吃点；肉、蔬菜、淀粉、胶水、水泥，
eat plenty, don't be afraid of it; eat meat,
想吃啥就吃啥。” 但如果他刚刚吃过午
vegetables, starch, glue, cement, anything you
饭，嘴里还喷着一股浓浓的黑果派的味
the doctor has just had lunch and if his
道，他就会语气坚决地说：“不，别吃任
breathing is short- circuited with huckleberry pie, he
何东西，一口都不能吃；这对你没有坏
says very firmly,
处，因为在饮食方面稍加克制是世界上
at all, absolutely not a bite; it won't hurt you, a little
最美好的事。”
self-denial in the matter of eating is the best thing in
5 病人问：“那喝酒呢？”同样，医
生的答案也会有很多种。他可能会说：
the world.
5 what about drinking?Again the doctor's
“噢，可以，偶尔来一杯陈啤，或者你喜
answer varies. He may say,
欢的话，喝一杯加苏打水的杜松子酒，
a glass of lager now and then, or, if you prefer it, a gin
或者威士忌。我想，在睡觉之前我更喜
and soda or a whisky, and I think before going to bed
欢来一杯苏格兰热巧克力威士忌，再加
”医生讲到这些
I'd take a hot Scotch with a couple of lumps of white
上几块方糖和几片柠檬。
sugar and bit of lemon peel in it.
的时候非常兴奋，眼睛闪闪发光，充满
with real feeling, and his eyes glisten with the pure
了对自己职业由衷的热爱。但是如果医
love of his profession. But if, on the other hand, the
生前一晚参加了一伙医生朋友的聚会，
doctor has spent the night before at a little gathering
他就会禁止病人碰任何形式的酒精，并
of medical friends, he is very apt to forbid the patient
且严厉地拒谈这一话题。
这种治疗本身太容易令人
to touch alcohol in any shape, and to dismiss the
6 当然，
起疑，因而无法激起病人应有的信心。
subject with great severity.
6 Of course, this treatment in and of itself would
但是如今有化验室可以帮助做到这一
appear too transparent, and would fail to inspire the
点。无论病人得了什么病，医生都会坚

patient with proper confidence. But nowadays this
element is supplied by the work of the analytical
laboratory. Whatever is wrong with the patient, the
doctor insists on snipping off parts and pieces and
extracts of him and sending them mysteriously away
to be analyzed. He cuts off a lock of the patient's hair,
and marks it, . Smith's Hair, October, 2001.
he clips off the lower part of the ear, and wraps it in
paper, and labels it, . Smith's Ear, October,
the patient up and down, with
the scissors in his hand, and if he sees any likely part
of him he clips it off and wraps it up. Now this, oddly
enough, is the very thing that fills the patient up with
that sense of personal importance which is worth
paying for.
the day to a group of friends much impressed,
doctor thinks there may be a slight anaesthesia of the
tympanum, but he's sent my ear to New York and my
appendix to Baltimore and a lock of my hair to the
editors of all the medical journals, and meantime I am
to keep very quiet and not exert myself beyond
drinking a hot Scotch with lemon every half- hour.
With that he sinks back faintly on his cushions,
luxuriously happy.
7 And yet, isn't it funny?
8 You and I and the rest of us—even if we know all
this—as soon as we have a pain within us, rush for a
doctor as fast as a hack can take us. Yes, personally, I
even prefer an ambulance with a bell on it. It's more
soothing.

持从他身上切割下这样或那样零零碎碎
的东西，然后神 神秘秘地送去化验。比
如，医生会剪掉病人的一缕头发并做上
标记：“史密斯先生的头发，20 01年10
月”。然后，医生切掉病人耳朵的下部，
用纸包起来并做上标记：“史密斯先生的< br>部分耳朵，2001年10月”。医生从上
到下仔细打量病人，手里拿着剪刀，只
要看到 任何疑似跟病情有关的地方，就
会从病人身上剪去，并包起来。奇怪的
是，这种做法却令病人觉 得自己很受重
视，因而值得为此花钱。当天稍晚的时
候，包扎着绷带的病人对大为惊叹的朋友们说：“是的，医生认为可能是轻度中
耳炎，他已经将我的耳朵送到纽约，把
阑尾送到巴 尔的摩，把一缕头发送到所
有医学杂志的编辑手上，同时我必须保
持安静，每半小时顶多喝一杯 加柠檬的
苏格兰热巧克力威士忌。”说着，他虚弱
地向后靠在垫子上，舒舒服服，心满意
足。
7 然而，这一切难道还不滑稽吗？
8 虽然你、我和其他人 对这些都很
清楚，但是一旦我们有点小病小痛，还
是会飞快地打车去看医生。是的，我个
人甚至还更愿意坐带鸣笛的救护车去，
因为这让人感觉更加安心。


New Words

quack
n. [C] (disapproving) a person who dishonestly claims to have medical knowledge or skills
庸医，
江湖郎中，冒牌医生


viciously
ad. in a cruel way
残酷地，凶狠地，恶毒地

Passers-by just looked on as a man was viciously attacked.
有一名男子遭人毒打，可路人袖手旁观。


heap
n. [C] an untidy pile of sth.
一堆

His clothes were in a crumpled heap on the floor.
他的衣服杂乱地堆在地板上。

vt. to put things in an untidy pile
堆积，堆置

He heaped the leaves up in the corner of the garden.
他把树叶堆在花园的角落里。

They heaped our plates with food. They heaped food on our plates.
他们往我们盘子里堆了很多食物。


speechless
a. unable to speak, esp. because you are extremely angry or surprised
（尤指气得或惊讶得）说不
出话来


mutter
. to speak or say sth. in a quiet voice that is difficult to hear, esp. because you're annoyed
about sth.
嘀咕，嘟囔


slight
a. very small in degree
轻微的，略微的


anesthesia
n. 1) [U] the state of being unable to feel anything, esp. pain
感觉缺失，麻木

n. 2) [U]
麻醉


tympanum
n. [C]
耳膜，鼓膜，鼓室


awfully
ad. very, extremely
非常，极其


thump
. 1) to hit . hard, esp. with one's closed hand
重击，狠打

He thumped the table angrily.
他愤怒地用拳头击打桌子。

I'll thump you if you say that again.
你要再说那些话，我就把你揍扁。

. 2) to fall on or hit a surface hard, with a loud dull sound
撞击，嘭地发出闷响

A bird thumped against the window.
一只鸟儿
“
咚
”
的一声撞在窗子上。

n. 1) [C] the sound of sth. heavy hitting the ground or another object
重击声，碰撞声

There was a thump as the truck hit the bank.
卡车撞在马路边坡上，发出
“
砰
”
的一声巨响。

n. 2) [C] an act of hitting . hard
重击，撞击

If he does that again I'm going to give him a good thump.
他要再那么做，我就好好揍他一顿。


submissive
a. willing to obey sb. whatever they want you to do
恭顺的，服从的

He was looking for a quiet, submissive wife.
他正在寻找一位娴静而温顺的妻子人选。

John is said to be excessively submissive to his wife.
据说约翰非常怕老婆。


cowed
a. made to feel afraid and that you are not as good as sb. else
使感到胆怯的，自惭形秽的

She was easily cowed by people in authority.
她很容易被有权势的人吓住。

Potential rivals were so cowed by her popularity that no one dared challenge her for the leadership.
由于她深得人心，那些潜在的竞争者都被镇住了，无人敢挑战她的领导地位。


starch
n. [U]
淀粉；含淀粉的食物


glue
n. [U] a sticky substance that is used for joining things together
胶水，胶

vt. to join two things together using glue
粘合；用胶粘


cement
n. [U]
水泥，胶合剂


huckleberry
n. [C]
黑果，越桔


self-denial
n. [U] the act of not having or doing the things you like, either because you do not have enough
（宗教）弃绝自我
money, or for moral or religious reasons
克己；
a life of self-denial and sacrifice
克己、奉献的生活

The real tragedy of the poor is that they can afford nothing but self- denial.
穷人真正的悲剧就在于除了自我克制之外，无力做其他任何事。


lager
n. [U, C]
窖藏啤酒，陈贮啤酒


gin
n. [U]
杜松子酒


soda
n. 1) [U, C]
苏打

n. 2) [U]
无水碳酸钠


lemon
n. [C, U] a yellow citrus fruit with a lot of sour juice
柠檬


peel
n. [U, C] the skin of some fruits or vegetables
果皮，菜皮

vt. to take the skin off fruit, vegetables, etc.
剥皮，去皮


apt
a. 1) likely or having a tendency to do sth.
易于，倾向于

The kitchen roof is apt to leak when it rains.
下雨时厨房的屋顶很容易漏水。

a. 2) suitable or appropriate in the circumstances
恰当的，合适的

Chris produced an apt comment which summed up how we all felt.
克里斯做了一番中肯的评论，道出了我们大家的感受。

a. 3) clever; having a natural ability or skill
聪明的；敏捷的

We have some particularly apt students in the class this year.
今年班上有些学生天分很高。


severity
n. [U] the seriousness of something bad or unpleasant
严重，严重性


transparent
a. 1) (of an excuse, a lie, etc.) allowing you to see the truth easily
显而易见的；易识破的

transparent lies
一戳即破的谎言

Am I that transparent (=are my intentions that obvious)?
我就那么容易被识破？

a. 2) that can be seen through
透明的；清澈的

The insect's wings are almost transparent.
这种昆虫的翅膀几乎是透明的。

Glass is a transparent material.
玻璃是一种透明材料。


analytical
a.
分析的，解析的


snip
. to cut sth. with scissors using short quick strokes
（用剪刀快速）剪，剪断

Snip a tiny hole in the paper.
在纸上剪一个小孔。

She snipped at the loose threads hanging down.
她把垂下来的线头剪掉了。


extract
n. [C, U] a substance that has been obtained from sth. else using a particular process
提取物，
精华

face cream containing natural plant extracts
含有天然植物提取物的面霜

vanilla extract
香子兰精

vt. to remove or obtain a substance from sth., for example, by using an industrial or chemical
process
提取，提炼

to extract essential oils from plants
从植物中提取精油


mysteriously
ad. not easily understood; full of mystery
神秘地，不可思议地


clip
vt. to cut off a thing or part of a thing with scissors or shears
剪下，剪去


wrap
vt. to cover or enclose . in paper or soft material
包，裹

He spent the evening wrapping the Christmas presents.
他晚上把圣诞礼物包好了。


scissors

n. [pl.]
剪刀


oddly
ad. 1) used to show that sth. is surprising
令人奇怪地，令人惊异地

ad. 2) in a strange or unusual way
古怪地，反常地


exert
vt. 1) to make a big effort
努力，尽力

vt. 2) to use power or influence to affect .
运用，施加（影响）


faintly
ad. feeling weak and tired
虚弱地


luxuriously
ad. in a very fine, costly and comfortable way
豪华地，奢侈地；精美而昂贵地

She sprawled out luxuriously on the sofa.
她伸展四肢，舒服地躺在沙发上。


hack
n. [C] (AmE) a taxi
出租车


ambulance
n. [C]
救护车


soothing

a. making one feel calmer and more relaxed and less nervous, worried, or upset
安慰的，抚慰的

a soothing voicelotion
让人感到安心的嗓音

镇痛液

Her words had a soothing effect.
她的话起了安慰人的作用。

Phrases and Expressions

strike sb. a blow

猛击某人一拳


fetch sb. a blow

击打某人


double (sb.) up
to bend or to make your body bend over quickly because of pain or laughter
（因剧痛或大笑而）
弯身子

Most of the crowd doubled up with laughter at every joke.
每听完一个笑话，大部分人都会大笑到直不起
腰来。

She was doubled up with the pain in her stomach.
她因胃痛而直不起腰来。


in the matter of
as regards
在
……
方面；关于，至于

We are not trained in the matter of agricultural business.
我们在农业贸易方面未经训练。

He is strict in the matter of discipline.
他在纪律方面要求严格。


be apt to do sth.
to be likely to do sth.; to have a tendency to do sth.
倾向于做某事

The kitchen roof is apt to leak when it rains.
下雨时厨房的屋顶很容易漏水。


snip off
to remove sth. by cutting it with scissors in short quick strokes
（快速）剪去，剪掉

Snip off the end of the tube.
把管子的末端剪掉。

The gardener is snipping off the dead leaves in the garden.
花匠在花园里修剪枯叶。


clip off
to cut sth. with scissors or shears
剪下，剪掉

He clipped off a length of wire.
他剪掉了一段金属线。

clip off an animal's tail
剪去动物的尾巴


look sb. up and down
to look at sb. in a careful or critical way
上下仔细打量；苛刻地审视（某人）

They looked me up and down.
他们上上下下地打量我。


exert oneself

努力，竭力

Note to Para. 1
1. “Have you been here before?” asked the receptionist when I showed up at the doctor’s office.“以前
来这儿就诊过吗？”当我出现在医生诊室时，接待员问道。
receptionist: n. [C] 接待员
e.g. She has a good temper as a receptionist at the hotel and a hot temper as a wife at home.
show up: 出现，露面；露出
e.g. She felt uneasy when she saw her ex-boyfriend show up at her wedding.

Note to Para. 3
2. The doctor will be with you in a minute. 医生一会儿就来。
Note how “be with sb.” is translated into Chinese in different context.
e.g. Thank you for being with us for the Morning News.
In hardship, I will be with you; for pleasure, I will not.

Notes to Para. 4
3. … but “the doctor will be with you in a minute” appeared to be longer than sixty seconds so I looked
around. ……虽说“医生一分钟就到。”但似乎已经不止一分钟了，于是我便开始环顾四周。
Note that the author was being sarcastic by taking the literal meaning of “in a minute”, which, unlike

“in an hour” or “in a week” (with only the literal meaning), simply means the same as “in a few
minutes”, “in a moment” or “shortly”. The same is true of “in a second” which could be far more than
one second.
4. On the other wall there was a window overlooking the yard covered with some kind of green bush.
另一面墙上有一扇窗户可以俯瞰长满某种绿色灌木的庭院。
overlook: vt. 俯瞰
e.g. I wish one day I could afford a house of that kind overlooking the beautiful sea.
5. In the corner between the ceiling and the wall I noticed a thin spider’s web. 我还注意到在天花板
和墙壁之间的角落里结了一层薄薄的蜘蛛网。
Note the difference between “in the corner” and “at the corner”.
e.g. The two girls were talking in a low voice in the corner of the classroom. (indicating indoors)
Go ahead and turn right at the corner of the first crossing. (indicating outdoors)
On the surface, this description seems to be hinting at poor health environment of the hospital
where even spiders should be found to exist. But at a deep level, the spider symbolizes the American
medical system which resembles the spider’s web. Just as insects fall victim in the spider’s web, so
the writer is entrapped in this hospital. The writer seems to suggest that the entire medical system in
the U.S. is a big, big trap and poor people like him are its victims.

Note to Para. 5
6. “Are you all right?” the nurse peeked through the door. “你感觉还好吗？”护士从门缝里瞅着我
问道。
peek: vi. 偷看，窥视
e.g. They caught him peeking in through the keyhole.

Note to Para. 6
7. The appointment was scheduled at a certain day and a certain hour a week ago. And I
was ready. 一周前就已经预约好具体时间，我可是有备而来的。
appointment: n. [C] 预约
e.g. I have an appointment with my dentist this afternoon.
schedule: vt. 计划
e.g. The meeting is scheduled for next Wednesday afternoon.

Note to Para. 7
8. “Good morning,” a white coat interrupted my thoughts. “How are you?” “早安。”一个穿白大褂
的医生打断了我的思绪。“你感觉如何？”
Note that “a white coat” is a metonymy (借代，转喻).
Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own
name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. Metonyms
(instances of metonymy转喻词) can be either real or fictional concepts representing other concepts
real or fictional, but they must serve as an effective and widely understood second name for what

they represent. For instance, “Hollywood” is used as a metonym for US cinema. Another example is
“the White House”, which is used as a metonym for the US government.

Note to Para. 8
9. “Good morning. I’m fine. Thank you.” I lied because I was at the doctor’s office so it meant that I
wasn’t fine.“早安。我很好。谢谢。”我言不由衷地说，因为我一定是身体不舒服才来诊所的。
The author’s “I’m fine” sounds “illogical” so as to achieve his purpose of being
humorous about the hospital and the doctor.

Note to Para. 9
10. “What’s wrong with you?” he asked, looking at the clipboard where it was stated in black and
white what was wrong with me. “你哪里不舒服？”他问道，眼睛看着白纸黑字清清楚楚记着
我病情的记录夹板。
in black and white: 白纸黑字
e.g. Once it’s down in black and white, you can’t forget it.

Note to Para. 10
11. “I seem to have a problem with my left foot,” I helped him to read. “我左脚好像有毛病。”我帮
了他一把好让他把病情记录看明白。
Note that the author is being sarcastic when he says “I helped him to read (the clipboard)”. As
everyone knows, the doctor can read and write. The author also knew this, but he deliberately said
he helped the doctor read because the doctor behaved in a way as if he could not understand what is
written on the clipboard.

Note to Para. 11
12. “Let’s see...,” he took my left foot in his hands, “Well...,” he scratched his forehead, “we have to
take some X-rays,” he decided. “让我看看……”他双手抓住我的 左脚，“嗯……”他挠了挠
额头，“我们得拍几张X光片”，他肯定地说。
By using such expressions as “took my left foot in his hands”, “scratched his forehead”, this
sentence presents a vivid picture of the affected manner with which the doctor diagnosed the
patient’s disease. Then why did he put on such affected airs? Let us wait and see!

Note to Para. 14
13. Four X-rays had to be taken — two of the front of my foot and one of each side of it. 一共要拍四
张X光片——脚正面两张，侧面各一张。
It seems that more X-rays taken will lead to more accurate diagnosis, so few patients will
complain about it even if they might be over- checked — with Type-B ultrasonic for instance
followed by CT and thus overcharged as is a common practice now in some hospitals.

Note to Para. 16
14. “There is a small bone here that is causing the problem,” he looked at the X-ray against the light. “I
can remove it if you like.” “我拿到你的X光片了，”医生走了进来，“病因在这块小 骨头上。”
他对着灯光观察X光片，“如果你愿意，我能把它取出来。”
Note that by asking a patient “if you like” for a surgery, he sounded unprofessional if not
irresponsible as a doctor.
Note also that “as if you like” is spoken British English used to suggest or offer something to
someone. e.g. If you like, I could go with you.

Note to Para. 19
15. “How much will it cost me to have surgery?” “手术费要花多少钱？”
Meaning: How much shall I pay for the surgery?
Note that “it” in the sentence is an antecedent (先行词) referring to the infinitive phrase “to have
surgery”.

Note to Para. 20
16. “Let’s see. The operation will cost about three thousand dollars, then rehabilitation — about two
thousand, hospital, medicine... I think that you would have to spend about eight thousand.” “我们来
算一下。手术费大约3 000美元，然后需要康复——费用约2000美元，还有住院费，医药费……
我想你得花大约8000 美元。”
With such high medical costs, those Americans with no medical insurance for some reasons
sometimes simply go without needed medical treatment. On the other hand, overbilling is nothing
unusual in the medical profession in which physicians feel forced to exaggerate symptoms of
managed-care patients, since otherwise their insurers would deny coverage.

Note to Para. 22
17. “It’s up to you. For now I can give you some pills that will ease the pain.” “由你自己决定。我暂
且可以给你开点止痛药。”
ease: . 减轻；放松；缓和
e.g. The aspirin eased her headache.
Note that pills that will ease the pain can simply be substituted by the word “painkiller”.

Note to Para. 23
18. If I make a decision to have this operation, how much time will it take for me to be able to walk and
work again? 如果我决定手术的话，需要多长时间我才能恢复走路并正常工作呢？
Obviously, the author had other concerns than the financial problem. It seems that going back
to work soon after the surgery is as important as his health.

Note to Para. 26
19. Going back to the front desk, I was thinking feverishly. I couldn’t afford not to work for such a
long time. 回到前台我焦躁不安地思考着。我可承受不了这么长时间不工作。
Meaning: I couldn’t manage without working for three months.
Note that for many patients it is both a financial and a time problem to be off work for an operation
for three months, which can mean losing the job, plus the salaries.

Note to Para. 27
20. “It will be two hundred for the first visit, one hundred and eighty for the X-rays so it makes three
hundred and eighty all together,” said the receptionist. “初诊费二百元，X光片一百八十元，总
共三百八十元。”接待员说道。
make: vt. 等于，相等
e.g. Twelve inches make one foot.

Note to Para. 29
21. “The first visit costs so much,” explained the receptionist, “but the next will cost you less,” she
consoled me seeing a painful grimace on my face. “Here’s your prescription. Have a nice day!” “初
诊费是不便宜，”接待员解释说，看到我痛苦的表情又补充道，“但复诊费就会减少点。这
是你的处方，祝你愉快！”
console: vt. 安慰，慰藉
e.g. We tried to console our cousin who was almost mad with grief after her son’s death.
prescription: n. [C] 处方
e.g. These pills are available by prescription only.

Notes to Para. 30
22. If I had known how much the doctor would spoil my day, I wouldn’t have gone to see him at all. 早
知道会被医生破坏心情，我根本就不会去就诊。
spoil: vt. 破坏
e.g. Our holidays were spoiled by bad weather.
23. The pain was the pain and I had to get rid of it somehow. 疼痛就是疼痛，我总得止痛吧。
Meaning: The pain made you suffer and it would last unless you find a way to ease it.
Note the emphatic structure of the expression, The pain was the pain: a noun + be + the same noun.
cf. Business is business; A child is a child; A friend is a friend.
24. The nearest drug store sold me the medicine for forty dollars so I spent four hundred and twenty
dollars all together just to know that if I like I can have a surgery. 在最近的一 家药店花了四十元
买了药，这样一共花了四百二十元，最终结果只是让我知道了，如果我愿意的话就能做 手术。
just to: also, only to, an expression used to indicate an unexpected or unwanted result.
e.g. We worked hard for thirty years justonly to afford a two-bedroom apartment in the suburbs of
Shanghai.

Note to Para. 31
25. It just so happened that two months later I saw my friend from Poland who was an orthopedic doctor.
One word led to another and I told him about my problem and about the visit to a local doctor. 两
个月后，我碰巧遇到了我的波兰朋友，他是名外科整形医生。在你 一言我一语的交谈中，我
顺便跟他提到了我的疾病以及在当地就诊的经历。
One word leads to another: 你一言我一语
e.g. One word leads to another and before you know, you’re in a quarrel with the rude man in a
busy street, drawing a crowd of onlookers.
cf. one thing leads to another: 一发而不可收
e.g. He only stole a pen from his teacher’s office at first, but one thing led to another and he ended
up in prison.

Note to Para. 32
26. “All you need is a support.” “你只需要一个支架。”
support: n. a structure that holds up or provides a foundation 支架，支撑
What a different treatment! Just a simple support will do rather than an expensive operation. A
doctor is a doctor and a quack is a quack.

Note to Para. 35
27. “Wow! You are saving my life!” I exclaimed. “哇！你可真是我的救星！”我叫道。
Meaning: You are saving me a big trouble.
Note that the expression “You are saving my life” seems to sound exaggerating for such a small
trouble as his problem foot, but it is commonly used in such a situation to show one’s pleasant
surprise and gratitude.

Note to Para. 37
28. Waiting for the promised support, I used up all my pills and went back to the doctor to get a new
prescription. 在等待我的支架从波兰寄来期间，我的止痛药用完了，于是便又去找那位医生想
重新开个处方。
Note that here “a new prescription” refers to another prescription for the same pill（新处方抓老药）,
not a prescription for a new drug.

Note to Para. 38
29. “The doctor can’t give you a new prescription without seeing you,” the receptionist surprised me.
“大夫没给你看病就不能重新开处方。”接待员的话让我很意外。
From a different standpoint, the nurse and the doctor were expecting to benefit from the
patient’s one-after-another visit while the patient wanted to save money by simply taking a
prescription like the previous one without being “seen” by the doctor. No wonder the author was
surprised.

Note to Para. 45
30. “Can I get anything that has a similar efficacy to this medicine?” I showed the pharmacist an empty
container. “能买到类似这种药效的药吗？”我把一只空药盒拿给药剂师看。
Meaning: Can I get some medicine that has the same effect as this medicine?
efficacy: n. [U] 功效
e.g. Aspirin has efficacy in relieving headaches.
pharmacist: n. 药剂师
e.g. Don’t mix alcohol and medicine unless your doctor or pharmacist says it’s ok.
Note the difference between pharmacist, pharmacy, chemist, chemist’s and drugstore. A pharmacist
is someone who prepares and sells medicines. This is American English, but in British English
pharmacist is slightly technical and it is more usual to use the word chemist. The place where a
pharmacist works is a pharmacy. This can be a shop, part of a shop, or part of a hospital. Pharmacy
is the usual word in American English. In British English, you usually refer to the part of a hospital
that prepares and gives out medicines as a pharmacy, but the usual word for a shop where medicines
are prepared and sold is a chemist or a chemist’s. In Britain chemists usually also sell other things,
such as beauty and baby products. A shop like this is called a drugstore or pharmacy in North
America.

Notes to Para. 49
31. I had been sinking in something that was hard to believe in — the sea of question marks. 我已经陷
入难以置信的境地——满脑子都是问号。
Meaning: I had so many questions about what had been going on that it seemed as if I had been
submerged in water and there was no way to get out of it.
Note that in this sentence the author uses two metaphors: 1) sink in something, meaning “get into the
trouble as if drowning in the flood”; 2) the sea of question marks, meaning “plenty of question
marks like an endless sea”.
sink in: 陷入
e.g. They lost all their money and sank into desperate poverty.
32. Why did I have to have surgery if I didn’t need it? Why did I have to spend eight thousand dollars if
I could solve the problem with ten dollars? Why did I have to use medicine for forty dollars if I
could swallow pills for five bucks? Why did I have to pay for the first visit if I wasn’t sure that I
would come to see the same doctor again? Why? Why? Why? 为什么我非得做手术呢，如果我并
不需要的话？为什么 我非得花费八千元呢，如果十元就能解决问题？为什么我一定要用四十
元的药呢，如果我能用五元的药？ 为什么我非得付初诊费呢，如果我不能确定会去复诊的话？
为什么？为什么？为什么呢？
Note that the seven why-questions strongly convey the patient’s painful experience of this painful
visit —disbelief, questioning, indignity, complaint and protest.
swallow: vt. vi. 吞咽
e.g. Most snakes swallow their prey whole.
buck: n. [C] 钱；（一）元

e.g. Using celebrities in advertising is guaranteed to make big bucks.

Note to Para. 50
33. But here, in America, I am scared to death. I am scared to death not because I have a health problem
to solve but because the visit makes me even more sick. 但在美国，我却怕得要命。这么害怕不
是因为担 心我需要解决的健康问题，而是因为看病反倒加重我的病情。
The sarcastic criticism is well expressed by the last part of this sentence: “the visit makes me
even more sick. Here “even more sick” indicates that the hospital has made him worse than before,
not only physically, but also mentally.


3. Questions on the text
1. How does the doctor diagnose the patient at the beginning?
He diagnoses his patient by striking him quick, unexpected and powerful blows.
2. What advice does the doctor give to the patient even if he has no idea what is wrong with the
patient? What is the doctor's motive for giving this advice?
He advises the patient to go to bed and stay there and keep quiet. This may result in either a quiet
recovery or a quiet death. In either case, the patient won't come to him and complain about his
treatment.
3. What does the doctor hope to achieve when he calls every morning and thumps and beats his
patient?
He hopes that in this way he can keep the patient submissive and perhaps force him to confess what
is wrong with him.
4. How does the doctor reply to the patient's questions on diet?
The answer to this question varies very much. He is likely to advise the patient to eat plenty when it
is late in the morning and he is extremely hungry. But he'll advise his patient not to eat anything if
he has just had lunch and is very full.
5. What prevents so many people from seeing through the modern quacks?
It is the work of the analytical laboratory. Otherwise the modern quacks' treatment would be so
transparent that people would easily recognize the real nature of those quacks.
6. Why does the writer claim that the work of laboratory analysis makes the patient feel that the
treatment is worth paying for?
This is because the patient is filled up with a sense of personal importance when he sees his
and pieces and extracts
7. What does the writer really mean when he says an ambulance is more soothing than a hack?
The writer is ridiculing modern quacks. As is known to us all, the ambulance cannot cure the patient,
but it won't at least torture him. When the patient is treated by a quack, however, he will be beaten,
given bad advice. Worst of all, his

8. What is this article intended to say?
The article is intended to advise the reader to beware of modern article is intended to
expose the quack medicine in our society.
4. Working with words and phrases
A. Put the following Chinese expressions into English.
1. 倒在沙发上瘫作一团
fall over on the sofa in a heap
2. 处于恐惧的痛苦之中
in an agony of fear
3. 对某人病情一无所知
not have the least idea what's wrong with somebody
4. 克制饮食
self- denial in the matter of eating
5. 剪去一撮头发
cut off a lock of hair
6. 激发病人对医生的信任
inspire the patient's confidence with hisher doctor
B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the text.
1. One of them sipped from a glass of water, looking wary but not c(owed).
2. His cheeks g(listened) with tears as he was told about his mother's death.
3. Just d(ismiss) those thoughts from your mind—they are crazy and not worth thinking about.
4. He s(nipped) the string and untied the parcel.
5. If you were to e(xert) your influence they might change
their decision.

Mind Map

enjoy high social status
sacred and decent
go to the pharmacy (drugstore; chemist's)
5. Discussion
Discuss the following questions with a partner or in a small
group of 4 to 6 students.
1. What do you think of being a doctor?
In my opinion, a doctor enjoys high social status and the
pharmacist (druggist; chemist)
doctor's vocation is considered as sacred and decent. They
earn respect from patients
can earn respect from patients, and their duty is to heal the
heal the wounded and rescue the dying
wounded and rescue the dying. Besides, they make good
money. A doctor should not give priority to money, though; otherwise he is not a good doctor.
2. Do you think it is necessary to see a doctor when one is sick? Please give your reasons.
When we get sick, whether to see a doctor depends on how serious the illness is. For a common
disease, we can go to a drugstore where there are pharmacists to give us proper help. However, if we
are seriously ill, we will have no choice but to go and see a doctor.
6. Practice: interpreting
Several days after the medical examination, Mr. Watson, the patient, had a gathering with his friends.
Mr. Watson had a conversation with one of them, Mr. Johnson. The conversation is as follows.
Interpret it into English with your partner.
约翰逊：听说你最近身体不好，到底怎么了？

Mr. Johnson: I hear you're not very well these days. What's the matter?
沃 森：我这里很痛。前几天去看了医生。
Mr. Watson: I have a bad pain here. I went to see the doctor the other day.
约翰逊：医生怎么说？严不严重？
Mr. Johnson: What did the doctor say? Is it serious?
沃 森：医生检查了我的后背、心脏还有胃部。他认为我有点轻微的中耳炎。
Mr. Watson: The doctor examined my back, heart, and stomach. He thought there might be a slight
anaesthesia of the tympanum.
约翰逊：是吗？那医生开了什么方子？
Mr. Johnson: Is that so? What did the doctor prescribe you?
沃 森：医生让我保持绝对安静，得安安静静地卧床休息。
Mr. Watson: The doctor asked me to keep very quite. I have to stay in bed and keep quiet.
约翰逊：医生让你做化验了吗？
Mr. Johnson: Did the doctor have anything analyzed?
沃 森：当然了，他从我身上剪下一些零零碎碎的东西，然后送到各个化验室去化验。
Mr. Watson: Of course. He snipped off parts and pieces and extracts of me and sent them to analytical
laboratories in different places.
约翰逊：那一定很贵吧？
Mr. Johnson: That must be very expensive?
沃 森：是有一些贵，可我觉得很值。
Mr. Watson: Yes, it is. But it is worth paying for.
约翰逊：这下你就再也不能喝酒了。
Mr. Johnson: Now you cannot drink alcohol any more.
沃 森：对，对，你说得非常正确。
Mr. Watson: No, no. You're absolutely correct.

7. Practice: translation
expressions.

A. Put the following sentences from the text into Chinese. Pay special attention to the italicized
1. Then the doctor turns suddenly and lets him have a left hook under the heart.
医生又突然转过来，在他心脏下方来了一记左钩拳。
2. But if, on the other hand, the doctor has spent the night before at a little gathering of medical friends,
he is very apt to forbid the patient to touch alcohol in any shape, and to dismiss the subject with great
severity.
但是如果医生前一晚参加了一伙医生朋友的聚会，他就会禁 止病人碰任何形式的酒精，并且严厉地拒谈这一话题。
3. Then he looks the patient up and down, with the scissors in his hand, and if he sees any likely part of
him he clips it off and wraps it up.

医生从上到下仔细打 量病人，手里拿着剪刀，只要看到任何疑似跟病情有关的地方，就会从病人身上剪去，并包起来。
4. Now this, oddly enough, is the very thing that fills the patient up with that sense of personal
importance which is worth paying for.
奇怪的是，这种做法却令病人觉得自己很受重视，因而值得为此花钱。

B. Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.
1. After hours of questioning, [the suspect confessed] (嫌犯终于招供了).
2. The old car [is apt to] (很容易) break down.
3. Using someone else's name is [not in and of itself a crime] (本身并不是犯罪) unless
there is an intention to commit a fraud.
4. By a small margin, Americans are [more pleased than disappointed] (对……不感
到失望，而是感到高兴) with Obama's being elected as President.
5. The family are [filled with a sense of peace and satisfaction](充满了平静和满足),
knowing that their innocent son arrested yesterday is to be released soon.

8. Practice: writing
A. Write a summary of the text (max. 180 words), referring to the outline below.
Summary outline:
1. The doctor's examination of the patient;
2. The doctor's ignorance of the problems of the patient;
3. The doctor's various reactions to the patient's question about diet;
4. The doctor's insistence on cutting off parts of the patient and sending them to be analyzed;
5. A concluding statement that reflects the writer's attitude to the modern doctor's business.
Reference answer： The modern doctor's business is extremely simple. When the patient enters the
consulting room and tells the doctor the symptoms of his sufferings, the doctor examines the patient
by striking him blows in several parts of his body. In reality, the doctor hasn't the least idea what is
wrong with the patient, and all he can do is keep the patient submissive and force him to confess his
illness. When asked about the patient's diet, the doctor may respond differently, depending on how
he is feeling and whether it is long since he had a meal himself.
It is the work of the analytical laboratory that inspires the patient with proper confidence in the
modern treatment. Whatever illness the patient may suffer, the doctor will insist on snipping off all
the likely parts and send them to the analytical laboratory for tests. Despite the absurdity and our
knowledge of the modern medicine, however, we rush for a doctor as soon as we have a pain within
us.
B. Basic writing techniques: repeating key nouns to achieve coherence in a paragraph.
In addition to unity, coherence is an equally important element of a good paragraph. In order to
have coherence in writing, the movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth.
There must be no sudden jumps. Each sentence should flow smoothly into the next one.
There are several techniques to achieve coherence in a paragraph and repeating key nouns is one
of them.
As you may recall, we have come across a model paragraph entitled Gold. One of the techniques
employed to achieve coherence in this paragraph is repeating the key word gold. You will find the noun

gold has been repeated seven times. If the key noun was replaced by the pronoun it, the paragraph
would be much less coherent.
Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, it has a lustrous
beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental
purposes. It never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian
coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty- three centuries ago. Another
important characteristic is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in
hundreds of industrial applications. Its most recent use is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear heat
shields plated with it for protection outside the spaceship. In conclusion, it is treasured not only for its
beauty but also for its utility.
Now let us go on to do the following exercises to consolidate what you have learned about the role
of key nouns in paragraph coherence.
Exercise 1: In the following paragraph, the key noun is never repeated. Replace the pronoun it
with the key noun English wherever you think doing so would make the paragraph more coherent.
English
English has almost become an international language. Except for Chinese, more people speak it
than any other language. Spanish is the official language of more countries in the world, but more
countries have it as their official or unofficial second language. More than seventy percent of the
world's mail is written in it. In international business, it is used more than any other language, and it
is the language of airline pilots and air traffic controllers all over the world. Moreover, although French
used to be the language of diplomacy, it has displaced it throughout the world. Therefore, unless you
plan to spend your life alone on a desert island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, i is a useful language
to know.
Your answer：
Reference answer： English has almost become an international language. Except for Chinese, more
people speak English than any other language. Spanish is the official language of more countries in the
world, but more countries have English as their official or unofficial second language. More than
seventy percent of the world's mail is written in English. In international business, English is used
more than any other language, and it is the language of airline pilots and air traffic controllers all over
the world. Moreover, although French used to be the language of diplomacy, English has displaced it
throughout the world. Therefore, unless you plan to spend your life alone on a desert island in the
middle of the Pacific Ocean, English is a useful language to know.
Exercise 2: In the following passage about dolphins, replace some of the pronouns with
appropriate singular or plural nouns.
Dolphins
Interest in dolphins has increased in the past few years. They are interesting because they display
almost human-like behavior at times. For example, they help each other when they are in trouble. If

one is sick, it sends out a message. Others in the area swim to help it. They push it to the surface of
the water so it can breathe. They stay with it for days or weeks—until it recovers or dies. They have
also helped trapped or lost whales navigate their way safely out to the open sea. They are so intelligent
and helpful, in fact, that the US Navy is training them to become underwater bomb disposal experts.
Reference answer： Interest in dolphins has increased in the past few years. Dolphins are interesting
because they display almost human-like behavior at times. For example, they help each other when
they are in trouble. If one dolphin is sick, it sends out a message. Other dolphins in the area swim to
help it. They push the sick dolphin to the surface of the water so it can breathe. They stay with it for
days or weeks—until it recovers or dies. Dolphins have also helped trapped or lost whales navigate
their way safely out to the open sea. Dolphins are so intelligent and helpful, in fact, that the US Navy
is training them to become underwater bomb disposal experts.

9. Surfing the Internet
http:

Go to http: or
to obtain information about traditional Chinese medicine. On the basis of this, prepare an oral
presentation about a general introduction to traditional Chinese medicine to your classmates.
Reference answer： An Introduction to Traditional Chinese Medicine
With a history of 2,000 to 3,000 years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has formed a unique
system to diagnose and cure illness. The TCM approach is fundamentally different from that of
Western medicine. In TCM, the understanding of the human body is based on the holistic
understanding of the universe as described in Taoism, and the treatment for illness is based primarily
on the diagnosis and differentiation of syndromes.
The clinical diagnosis and treatment in TCM are mainly based on the yin-yang and five elements
theories. These theories apply the phenomena and laws of nature to the study of the physiological
activities and pathological changes of the human body and its interrelationships. The typical TCM
therapies include acupuncture, herbal medicine, and qigong exercises. With acupuncture, treatment
is accomplished by stimulating certain areas of the external body. Herbal medicine acts on zang-fu
(脏腑) organs internally, while qigong tries to restore the orderly information flow inside the network
through the regulation of qi (气). These therapies appear very different in approach yet they all share
the same underlying sets of assumptions and insights in the nature of the human body and its place
in the universe. Some scientists describe the treatment of diseases through herbal medication,
acupuncture, and qigong as an
Part 2 Language in Use
1. Dialogue
health problems and diet suggestions
While at work, Joyce Smith was informed that her husband was in hospital. She rushed to
the hospital, where the doctor talked to her about her husband's case.
Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks. Then read it aloud.

Joyce: Hello, are you Doctor Johnson?
乔伊斯：您好。您是约翰逊医生吗？

是的。您一定是史密斯夫人吧？
Doctor: Yes. You must be Mrs Smith? Your husband (1)
医 生：

[collapsed] at work. We're looking into it at the moment.
您丈夫在工作时晕倒了。我们正在做检查。

Joyce: Will he be OK?
Doctor: Well, I'm going to have to impose on him a new (2)
[health regime]. Preliminary tests indicate a risk of heart
disease. But I want to make it clear that this was not a (3)
[heart attack]. He did not exhibit regular heart attack (4)
[symptoms], but his condition warrants further
investigation.
Joyce: When will we know for sure?
Doctor: I should have the test results back within a few
days. But he should be well enough to go home today. He's
showing signs of continuously (5) [high blood pressure] as a
possible result of constant stress. He'll need to take the next
week or so off.
Joyce: So, what should I do?
乔伊斯：他没事吧？

医 生：哦，我得给他制定一套新的健康
规则。初步 诊断表明他有患心脏病的危险，但
是我想证明这并不是心脏病，因为他没有表现
出常规的心脏病 发作症状。但从他目前的身体
状况来看，还需要进一步检查才能确诊。

乔伊斯：那我们什么时候才能知道确切
结果？

医 生：化验结果几天内就 会送回。他没
什么大碍，今天就可以回家。可能是因为连续
处于压力之下，目前他的血压有持续 偏高的迹
象。他需要休息一周左右。

乔伊斯：那么，我该做些什么？

医 生：告诫他不要吃高脂肪食品，并拟
Doctor: Warn him off fatty foods, sketch out a (6) [dietary
regime] rich in green and red fruits and vegetables, and
定一个饮食计划，多吃绿色和红色的水果蔬
increase his water intake. No salt, no caffeine, no dairy, and
菜，多喝水，不吃盐，不喝咖啡，不吃乳制品，
only lean meat or chicken. And definitely no alcohol.
只吃瘦肉和鸡肉，而且绝对不能喝酒。

Joyce: Oh, my God! He'll never be able to (7) [do without]
乔伊斯：哦，天哪，他哪样也离不了。

any of those.
医 生：要么照我说的做，不然，几个月
Doctor: Well, it's either that or he'll be back here in worse
后他会因为身体状况恶化再回到这儿。这次他
condition within the next few months. He can't wriggle out of
不能逃避。他适应了新的饮食之后，还得戒烟。
it this time. And after he's (8) [adjusted to] his new diet, he
乔伊斯：好的，医生。我会告诉他这些
has to give up the cigarettes.
饮食规定，但我不确定他是否会放弃抽烟。

Joyce: OK, Doctor. I'll let him know about those foods, but I
don't know if he'll come round to giving up the smokes.
医 生：我怀疑他的动脉血管已经变窄
了，而这是高血压的常见病因。我已经给他开
Doctor: I suspect that his (9) [arteries have narrowed].
This is a common cause of high blood pressure. I've given
了一个处方。请严格按照处方上的说明去做，
him a prescription. Please follow the prescription exactly,
否则病情会恶化。

otherwise he could (10) [take a turn for the worse].
乔伊斯：好的，多谢您。

Joyce: OK. Thanks a lot.


New Words

preliminary
a. happening before a more important action or event
初步的，预备性的


warrant
vt. To make sth. Necessary or appropriate in a particular situation
使有必要，使正当

His illness doesn't warrant his staying home for a week.
他的病情没有严重到要在家呆一个星期的程度。

Nothing can warrant such severe punishment.
如此严厉的惩罚毫无依据。

n. 1) [C] an official written document, esp. allowing the police authority to do sth.
授权令，执行
令

They had a warrant to search the house.
他们有搜查这座房子的搜查证。

n. 2) [C] a document that gives you the right to receive money, services, etc.
凭单，许可证

He pointed out that from the warrant market, the turnover has been shrinking.
他指出，从权证市场
的表现来看，成交量有所萎缩。


constant
a. 1) happening all the time or repeatedly
连续发生的，不断的

a. 2) unchanging; fixed
不变的，固定的


intake
n. [sing.] the amount of food, drink, etc. that you take into your body
摄取量，吸入量


caffeine
n. [U]
咖啡因，咖啡碱


dairy
n. 1) [C]
奶制品，乳制品

n. 2) [C]
牛奶场；乳制品公司


lean
a. 1) (of meat) containing little or no fat
脂肪少的，无脂肪的

a. 2) (of people or animals) without much flesh; thin and fit
肉少的，瘦且健康的

a. 3) producing or having little value
贫乏的，难以赚钱的


definitely
ad. Without doubt (used for emphasis)
一定地，肯定（用于强调）


wriggle
. 1) to move somewhere by twisting and turning your body or part of it
蠕动，蜿蜒行进

He wriggled through the hole.
他扭动着钻过洞去。

He had to wriggle his way out of the crowd.
他扭来扭去，好不容易才从人群中钻出去。

. 2) to twist and turn your body or part of it with quick short movements
扭动身子，扭来扭
去

Small children wriggle in their seats when they are bored.
小孩子感到厌烦时，就会在座位上扭来扭去。
The thieves left her tied up with rope but she wriggled free.
窃贼用绳子把她捆起来留在那儿，但她扭动
着身子挣脱开了。


prescription
n. 1) [C] (a written order describing) a particular medicine or treatment ordered by a doctor
处
方，药方
The doctor is writing a prescription.
医生正在开处方。

Will you fill this prescription, please?
请按这个处方给我拿药好吗？

n. 2) [U] the act of prescribing
开处方，开药

The prescription of drugs is a doctor's responsibility.
开药是医生的职责。

n. 3) [C] a plan or a suggestion for making sth. Happen or for improving it
计划，建议

Rather than prescription, there would be guidance.
与其规定，不如引导。

regime
n. 1) [C] a set of rules about food and exercise or medical treatment that you follow in order to stay
healthy or to improve your health
养生法，养生之道

n. 2) [C]
政权，政体


dietary
a.
饮食方面的


adjust
. 1) to get used to a new situation by changing the way you behave andor think
适应，习
惯

. 2) to change slightly, esp. in order to set right or make suitable for a particular job or new
conditions
调整；校准


artery
n. 1) [C] any of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body
动脉

n. 2) [C] a large and important road, railroad, river, etc.
干线


Phrases and Expressions
take off
to have a period of time as a break from work
休假，休息

I'm taking off three days during May.
五月份我要休三天假。

I've decided to take a few days off next week.
我已经决定下星期休息几天。


sketch out
to create a rough idea or image of sth.; to give a general description of sth.
草拟；概略地叙述

They have sketched out proposals for a new road.
他们草拟了几项关于开辟一条新路的计划。


wriggle out of sth
to avoid doing sth. that you should do, esp. by thinking of clever excuses
耍滑不做，逃避
(
应做的事
)
He wriggled out of the difficulty.
他千方百计地摆脱了困境。

She managed to wriggle out of answering all the questions.
她支吾其词，什么问题都没有回答。


adjust oneselfsth. to

使适应于
……


high blood pressure

高血压


take a turn for the worsebetter
情况恶化

情况好转

The experts predict that the stock market will take a turn for the better this year.
业内人士估计，股
票市场今年会有所好转。

Notes to the Dialogue
1. He did not exhibit regular heart attack symptoms, but his condition warrants further investigation.
他没有表 现出常规的心脏病发作症状，但从他目前的身体状况来看，还需要进一步检查才能确
诊。
Meaning: Although he didn’t show common heart attack symptoms, still he needed to have some
more medical examinations to find out the cause for his collapse.
Note that exhibit here means “to show clearly that you have or feel a particular feeling, quality or
ability表现，显示”.
e.g. The baby exhibited pleasure by smiling.
warrant: vt. 使有必要，使正当
e.g. His illness doesn’t warrant his staying home for a week.
n. 1) [C] 授权令，执行令
e.g. They had a warrant to search the house.
2) [C] 凭单，许可证
e.g. He pointed out that from the warrant market, the turnover has been shrinking.
2. He’ll need to take the next week or so off. 他需要休息一周左右。
Meaning: He’ll have to have a break for about a week.
take off: 休假，休息
e.g. I’m taking off three days during May.
Note off is used as an adverb, meaning “away from work or duty (下班，休息)”.
e.g. She’s off today.
or so: 大约；或许
e.g. I withdrew after a year or so without taking a degree.
3. Warn him off fatty foods, sketch out a dietary regime rich in green and red fruits and vegetables, and
increase his water intake. 告诫他不要吃高脂肪食品，并拟定一个饮食计划，多吃绿色和红色的
水果蔬菜，多喝水。
Note that off in the sentence is used as a preposition, meaning “not wanting or liking sth. That you
usually eat or use (不想，戒除)”.
e.g. I’m off alcohol for a week.
sketch out: 草拟；概略地叙述
e.g. They have sketched out proposals for a new road.
4. He’ll never be able to do without any of those. 他哪样也离不了。
do without: 没有……也可以，没有……而设法对付过去
e.g. The boss can’t do without the service of a secretary.
We shall have to do without holiday this summer.
5. Well, it’s either that or he’ll be back here in worse condition within the next few months. 要么照我
说的做，不然，几个月后他会因为身体状况恶化再回到这儿。
Meaning: He must follow my advice; otherwise he will be sent back to hospital with his illness
worsened.
6. He can’t wriggle out of it this time. 这次他不能逃避。
wriggle: . 1) 蠕动，蜿蜒行进
e.g. He wriggled through the hole.
2) 扭动身子，扭来扭去

e.g. Small children wriggle in their seats when they are bored.
wriggle out of sth.: 耍滑不做，逃避(应做的事)
e.g. He wriggled out of the difficulty.
7. I’ve given him a prescription. Please follow the prescription exactly, otherwise he could take a turn
for the worse. 我已经给他开了一个处方。请严格按照处方上的说明去做，否则病情会恶化。
prescription: n. 1) [C] 处方，药方
e.g. The doctor is writing a prescription.
2) [U] 开处方，开药
e.g. The prescription of drugs is a doctor’s responsibility.
3) [C] 计划，建议
e.g. Rather than prescription, there would be guidance.
take a turn for the worsebetter: 情况恶化情况好转
e.g. The experts predict that the stock market will take a turn for the better this year.


2. Pair work
2. Pair work: the personal fitness instructor's diet suggestions
John is talking to his personal fitness instructor, Mary, about his health problems. Work with a partner
to put the following dialogue in the correct order.
The correct order is:C, I, (B), (H), (D), (F), (E), (G), (A)

A John OK, thank you. I'm proud of having a personal fitness instructor like you!
So, what are you suggesting? Should I just abandon the idea? I'm not that out of
B John
shape.
Our company is organizing a basketball team and I'm thinking about joining. What
C John
do you think? I was the star player in high school.
D
E
John
John
Well, OK, but…
Yeah, you're probably right.
And you need to watch your diet and I also warn you off fatty foods, like ice cream.
F Mary
And I should also sketch out a regime rich in fresh fruits and vegetables.
And you should adjust yourself to weight training to strengthen your muscles. And
G Mary you need to go to bed early instead of watching TV half the night. Please follow my
prescription.
H Mary
Well… you ought to at least have a physical checkup before you begin.
Yeah, in the past. Look, tests indicate a risk of heart disease. I just don’t want you
I Mary to have a heart attack running up and down the court. You could take a turn for the
worse.

3. Text
Remote Diagnosis for Sick Babies
Read the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
(F) 1. All unborn babies are the patients in the telemedicine suite.
(F) 2. The video-conferencing in the suite is worth￡3,000.
(F) 3. The telemedicine suite could be used to diagnose more than 100 kinds of
diseases a year.
(T) 4. Dr. Andrew Tometzki is a heart disease expert.
(F) 5. All the specialists in the country can make use of the suite.
(T) 6. The telemedicine suite cannot deal with all remote diagnosis.
(T) 7. Throughout the scan, the parents of sick infants at home can talk to the doctors.
(T) 8. With the help of local charities, more and more centers are setting up links with
the new unit.

Remote Diagnosis for Sick Babies

对患儿的远程诊断

1 A new unit that allows doctors to give a remote
diagnosis of heart defects in unborn babies
hundreds of miles away has opened in Bristol. The
unit will help cut down on stress for the patient
and family.
2 The telemedicine suite at Bristol Children's
Hospital works using ISDN phoneline technology.
Specialist consultants in one hospital will be able
to immediately diagnose unborn babies or
critically ill children born in a different hospital.
The suite includes £30,000 of new equipment
including video- conferencing.
3 This is the first time in the region that
telemedicine has been used for real time remote
diagnosis of congenital heart disease and could be
used to diagnose more than 100 cases a year.
4 The suite has been designed by Dr. Andrew
Tometzki, consultant paediatric and fetal
cardiologist, for use by all specialists within Bristol
Children's Hospital.
5 baby born with a suspected heart defect
would normally have to be transferred to Bristol
by ambulance, which is time-consuming and very
stressful for the patient and family, let alone the
expense of critical care ambulances,
1 在布里斯托尔新开了一个科室，该 科
室的医生能在数百英里之外对患有心脏
缺陷疾病的未出生婴儿进行远程诊断，这
将有 助于减轻病婴及家属的压力。
2 在布里斯托尔儿科医院，远程医
学设备是利用综 合服务数字网络电话技
术进行操作的。该医院的专家顾问医师将
能够对其他医院的未出生婴儿或 重病儿
童给予即时诊断。该组设备包括含有视频
会诊仪器在内的价值三万英镑的新器材。
3 在该地区利用远程医疗对先天
性心脏病进行实时远程诊断尚属首次，以
后每年可诊断上百个病例。
4 该组设备由儿科兼胎儿心脏病
高级顾问医师安德鲁 ·汤姆斯基博士设
计，供布里斯托尔儿科医院的所有专家使
用。
5 他说 ：“被怀疑患有心脏缺陷的婴
儿通常都会由救护车转到布里斯托尔医
院，这对患儿及家属来说既 浪费时间，压
力又非常大，更别说急诊救护车的费用
了。”
6 “该组设 备能在紧急时刻帮助重
症特护转运部门对患儿进行远程诊断，有
时甚至还能完全避免进行风险甚 大的转

6 aiding the
intensive care retrieval team taking care of the
child at a critical time, though in some cases
hazardous transfer can be avoided altogether.
7 Bristol doctors have also been able to diagnose
and advise on the management of cardiac
abnormalities of sick infants and children in Truro
prior to them being transferred to Bristol by the
regional Paediatric Intensive Care Retrieval
Service based at Bristol Children's Hospital.
8 can now carry out a scan here in Truro
whilst Dr. Tometzki watches this live in Bristol,
said Mr. Dominic Byrne, consultant fetal medicine
specialist at Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust.
9
can then talk direct to the parents and use
drawings or weblinks to clarify explanations.
10 Aided by local charities, other centers are in
the process of setting up links with the unit.
11 The suite has also become a resource for
seminars
being broadcast from Bristol to paediatric centers
around the country.

运。”
7 在特鲁罗心脏异常的婴孩和儿
童，由总部设在布里斯托尔儿科 医院的当
地儿科重症特护转运部门转到布里斯托
尔，而在转移前，布里斯托尔医生还能对
这些患儿进行远程诊断，并就其治疗提供
建议。
8 皇家康沃尔医院联合机构的 胎
儿医疗高级顾问医师多米尼克·伯恩先生
说：“现在我们可以在特鲁罗进行扫描，
而 远在布里斯托尔的汤姆斯基博士能实
时观看扫描。”
9 “在整个扫描过程中，我 可以跟他
交谈，他也能直接和患儿父母进行交流，
并用图画或网络链接等方式向他们提供
清晰的解释。”
10 目前，在当地慈善机构帮助下，
其他一些中心也正着手与这一部门建立
联系。
11 随着培训讲座和研讨会从布里
斯托尔传播到国内其他儿科中心，该组设
备也逐渐成为一种 “网络教学”资源。

New Words
defect
n. [C] a fault in sth. or in the way it has been made which means that it is not perfect
缺陷，缺
点，毛病


telemedicine
n. [U]
远程医疗，远距离会诊


critically
ad.
严重地；吹毛求疵地


congenital
a. (of a disease or medical condition) existing since or before birth
先天的，天生的


paediatric
a.
儿科的


fetal
a.
胎儿的；胎的

cardiologist
n. [C] a doctor who studies and treats heart diseases
心脏病医生；心脏病学家


transfer
. 1) to move . from one place to another
（使）转移，搬迁

The patient was transferred to another hospital.
患者被转到了另一家医院。

The head office has been transferred from Beijing to Hong Kong.
总部已从北京迁到了香港。

. 2) to make over the possession of (property, a right or a responsibility) to someone else
转
让（财产，权利），移交（责任）

He transferred the property to his son.
他把财产转让给了儿子。

. 3) to move from one job, school, situation, etc. to another
调动，转职，转学

He was soon transferred to another post.
他很快就被调职了。


time-consuming
a.

taking or needing a lot of time
耗时间的，费时的

b.

This is a time-consuming job.
这份工作很耗时间。


aid
vt. to give support to; to help
援助，帮助

More and more people aid the poor students to finish their schooling.
越来越多的人开始帮助贫困学生
完成学业。

I aided him with money.
我资助了他。

n. [U] support; help
援助，帮助

The local people went to the aid of the wounded man.
当地人都去帮助那位伤者。


intensive
a.
彻底的，十分细致的；密集的


retrieval
n. 1) [U] the process of getting sth. back, esp. from a place where it should not be
取回，索回
The ship was buried, beyond retrieval, at the bottom of the sea.
船已葬身海底，无法打捞。

n. 2) [U] the process of getting back information that is stored on a computer
数据检索

Dr. Li is a specialist in information retrieval.
李博士是位信息检索专家。


hazardous
a. involving risk or danger esp. to sb.'s health or safety
危险的；有害的


cardiac
a. connected with the heart or heart disease
心脏的；心脏病的


abnormality
n. [C, U] a feature or characteristic in a person's body or behaviour that is not usual and may be
harmful, worrying or cause illness
（身体、行为等）不正常，反常，变态，畸形

abnormalities of the heart
心脏异常
fetal abnormality
胎儿畸形

infant
n. [C] a baby or a very young child
婴儿，幼儿

a. 1)
供婴幼儿用的

a. 2) new and not yet developed
初期的


scan
n. 1) [C]
扫描检查
I advise you have a brain scan.
我建议你做个脑部扫描检查。

n. 2) [sing.]
浏览，快速阅读
a quick scan of the newspaper
对报纸的快速浏览

vt. 1) to examine closely, esp. in search
细看，审视

The radar scanned the sky for enemy planes.
雷达扫掠天空，搜索敌机。

vt. 2) to look but not very carefully at a document, etc.
浏览，粗看

He scanned the morning papers while eating breakfast.
他边吃早饭边浏览早报。

I scanned a magazine while waiting at the doctor's office.
在诊所候诊的时候，我翻看了一本杂志。


whilst
conj. at the same time as sth. else is happening
与
……
同时


clarify
vt. to make sth. clearer or easier to understand
使更清晰易懂，阐明；澄清

When will the government clarify its position on equal pay for women?
政府何时会表明它在妇女同工同酬问题上的立场？


seminar
n. [C] a meeting for discussion or training
研习讨论会，培训会

Professor White's seminar was cancelled.
怀特教授的讨论会被取消了。


Phrases and Expressions
cut down on sth.
to reduce the size, amount or number of sth.
削减，缩小（尺寸，数量或数目）

His father is trying to cut down on cigarettes and beer.
他父亲开始尝试着少吸烟、少喝酒。

I don't think it's your duty to cut down on expenses.
我认为您没有义务减少开支。


let alone
not to mention; even less
更不用说，更别提

The baby can't even walk, let alone run.
这婴儿连走都不会，更不用说跑了。


intensive care

特别护理，重症监护


carry out
；实施，履行，落实
to do and complete a task
完成（任务）
Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient.
已对患者进行了全面检查。

carry out a new policy
实行一项新政策

Proper Nouns
Bristol
布里斯托尔（英国西南部城市）

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
Andrew Tometzki
安德鲁·汤姆斯基

Truro
特鲁罗（地名）

Dominic Byrne
多米尼克·伯恩


综合服务数字网络
Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust
（英国）皇家康沃尔医院托拉斯

Notes to Paras. 1-2
1. The unit will help cut down on stress for the patient and family. 该组设备将有助于减轻病婴及家
属的压力。
cut down on sth.: 削减，缩小（尺寸，数量或数目）
e.g. His father is trying to cut down on cigarettes and beer.
I don’t think it’s your duty to cut down on expenses.
2. The telemedicine suite at Bristol Children’s Hospital works using ISDN phoneline technology. 在布
里斯托尔儿科医院，远程医学设备是利用综合服务数字网络电话技术进行操作的。
“Tele-” means “over a long distance, far (远距离的，远的)” or “connected with television (电视的)”
or “done using a telephone (通过电话的)”.
e.g. telecommunications电信，电讯 telescope望远镜 telegram 电报
telegraph电报（方式） telemarketing 电话推销
teleprinter电传打印机 telesales 电话销售

Notes to Paras. 4-6
3. “A baby born with a suspected heart defect would normally have to be transferred to Bristol by
ambulance, which is time-consuming and very stressful for the patient and family, let alone the
expense of critical care ambulances,” he said. 他说：“被怀疑患有心脏缺陷的婴儿通常都会由救护
车转到布里斯托尔医院，这对患儿及家 属来说既浪费时间，压力又非常大，更别说急诊救护车
的费用了。”
transfer: . 1)（使）转移，搬迁
e.g. The patient was transferred to another hospital.
2) 转让（财产，权利），移交（责任）
e.g. He transferred the property to his son.
3) 调动，转职，转学
e.g. He was soon transferred to another post.
time-consuming:

a.

耗时间的，费时的
e.g. This is a time- consuming job.
let alone: 更不用说，更别提
e.g. The baby can’t even walk, let alone run.
4. This facility allows remote diagnosis aiding the intensive care retrieval team taking care of the child
at a critical time… 该组设备能在紧急时刻帮助重症特护转运部门对患儿进行远程诊断……
aid: vt. 援助，帮助

e.g. More and more people aid the poor students to finish their schooling.
n. [U] 援助，帮助
e.g. The local people went to the aid of the wounded man.
retrieval: n. 1) [U] 取回，索回
e.g. The ship was buried, beyond retrieval, at the bottom of the sea.
2) [U] 数据检索
e.g. Dr. Li is a specialist in information retrieval.
at a critical time: 在紧急时刻
e.g. an event that occurs at a critical time
We are at a critical time in our history.

Notes to Paras. 7-9
5. Bristol doctors have also been able to diagnose and advise on the management of cardiac
abnormalities of sick infants and children in Truro prior to them being transferred to Bristol by the
regional Paediatric Intensive Care Retrieval Service based at Bristol Children’s Hospital. 在特鲁罗
心脏异常的婴孩和儿童，由总部设在布里斯托尔儿科医院的当地儿科重症 特护转运部门转到布
里斯托尔，而在转移前，布里斯托尔医生还能对这些患儿进行远程诊断，并就其治疗 提供建议。
abnormality: n. [C, U]（身体、行为等）不正常，反常，变态，畸形
e.g. abnormalities of the heart fetal abnormality
6. “We can now carry out a scan here in Truro whilst Dr. Tometzki watches this live in Bristol,” said
Mr. Dominic Byrne, consultant fetal medicine specialist at Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust. 皇家康< br>沃尔医院联合机构的胎儿医疗高级顾问医师多米尼克·伯恩先生说：“现在我们可以在特鲁罗
进行 扫描，而远在布里斯托尔的汤姆斯基博士能实时观看扫描。”
carry out: 完成（任务）；实施，履行，落实
e.g. Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient.
scan: n. 1) [C] 扫描检查
e.g. I advise you have a brain scan.
2) [sing.] 浏览，快速阅读
e.g. a quick scan of the newspaper
vt. 1) 细看，审视
e.g. The radar scanned the sky for enemy planes.
2) 浏览，粗看
e.g. He scanned the morning papers while eating breakfast.
7. I can talk to him throughout the scan and he can then talk direct to the parents and use drawings or
weblinks to clarify explanations. 在整个扫描过程中，我可以 跟他交谈，他也能直接和患儿父母
进行交流，并用图画或网络链接等方式向他们提供清晰的解释。
clarify: vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明；澄清
e.g. When will the government clarify its position on equal pay for women?

Note to Para. 11
8. The suite has also become a resource for “E-learning”, with training lectures and seminars being

broadcast from Bristol to paediatric centers around the country. 随着培训讲座和研讨会从布里斯托
尔传播 到国内其他儿科中心，该组设备也逐渐成为一种“网络教学”资源。
seminar: n. [C] 研习讨论会，培训会
e.g. Professor White’s seminar was cancelled.

4. Working with words
Look at the following pictures. Match them (A-F) with the items (1-6).
(E)1. video-conferencing
(F)4. remote diagnosis
(C)2. intensive care
(D)5. ambulance
(A)3. scan
(B)6. paediatric doctor


A B C



D E F

5. Research project
IssueEventContext:
As more and more students respond positively to medical wonders, they are interested in knowing
more about this field. World AIDS Day is coming, and you are one of the members of the Students'
Union. You are to organize a campaign on campus to improve your schoolmates' understanding of
AIDS so that they may show more care and love to the AIDS patients.
Research Goal:
To organize a
Research Group:
In groups of 4 to 6.
Research Method & Route:
Search the Internet for information on AIDS (its definition, infection, prevention, etc.).

Research Resources:
Internet: http:,
http:,
http:iAIDS.
Result:
Work out a presentation to introduce the campaign.

Reference answer： Advocacy of Love of AIDS Patients
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
By killing or damaging cells of the body's immune system, HIV progressively destroys the body's
ability to fight infections and certain cancers.
And what is HIV? HIV is a virus, like the flu or cold.
HIV enters the body through open cuts, sores, or breaks in the skin, or through direct injection.
There are several ways by which this can happen:
·sexual contact with an infected person;
·sharing needles, syringes or other injection equipment with someone who is infected;
·mother-to-child transmission;
·transmission in health care settings;
·transmission via donated blood or blood clotting factors.
In Africa and parts of Asia, mainly because of a lack of proper health care, prevention and education,
young people suffer AIDS the most. The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients have to
suffer from. They also have to deal with people's fear of the disease. The best way to show that you
care about AIDS patients is to give an AIDS patient a hug.
Action
The Students' Union is going to organize a
meeting will be held at 7:00 p.m. on Friday in our Student's Recreation Centre. A large number of
AIDS-related books, pictures and newspaper clippings are to be handed around. There will also be an
AIDS knowledge contest and a question and answer session. It's for sure that you will learn much
from this activity. All the students and teachers are welcome. Thank you!

6. Listening-based writing
Listen twice to a health report, Something a Bone Will Never Say: Give Me a Break, and write a
summary, referring to the following hints.
Tapescript:
Something a Bone Will Never Say: Give Me a Break
The medical term for a broken bone is a fracture. But there are different kinds of fractures.
A single fracture is when a bone is broken in just one place, which is known as a hairline fracture,
a very small fracture like the width of a hair.
When a bone is broken in more than two places or gets crushed, the name for it is a comminuted
fracture.
Still another condition is called a bowing fracture. This happens with a bone that bends but does
not break. It happens mostly in children.
When a bone is bent and breaks along only one side, like a young stick of wood, it is a greenstick

fracture.
Another kind of break is an open or compound fracture. This is when the bone breaks the skin.
This is very serious. Along with the bone damage there is a risk of infection in the open wound.
Broken bones should be treated quickly because they can restrict blood flow or cause nerve
damage.
X-rays are taken to see the break. Treatment depends on the kind of fracture that is identified.
A doctor sets a broken bone to make sure it is in the correct position. Severe breaks may require
an operation to hold the bone together with metal plates and screws.
Then, a hard cast may be put around the area of the break to hold the bone in place while it heals.
In some cases, instead of a cast, a splint made of plastic or metal will be secured over the area to
restrict movement.
Bones need calcium and vitamin D to grow and reach their full strength. Keeping bones strong with
exercise may also help prevent fractures, especially if you wear the right sports protection during
activities.

1. Kinds of bone fractures;
2. Treatments for bone fractures;
3. Suggestions for preventing bone fractures.
Reference answer： This passage tells people about different kinds of fractures: a single fracture or
a hairline fracture, a comminuted fracture, a bowing fracture, a greenstick fracture and an open or
compound fracture. Broken bones should be treated quickly because they can restrict blood flow or
cause nerve damage. An operation, a hard cast or a splint made of plastic or metal may be used to
treat broken bones. To prevent fractures, people should keep their bones strong by taking enough
calcium and vitamin D and doing regular exercise wearing the right sports protection.

Part 3 Enhancement of Language Abilities
1. Translation skills
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
1. A big nation has its problems; and a small nation has its advantages.
大国有大国的问题，小国有小国的优势。
2. Modesty helps one to go forward whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
3. He put his hands in his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
他把手插进口袋里，耸了耸肩。
4. It is impossible to master a foreign language in a few months.
几个月掌握一门外语是不可能的。
5. One hundred thousand citizens of Hiroshima in Japan were killed by the world's first atomic bomb.
日本广岛有十万市民死于世界上第一颗原子弹爆炸。
Deletion (of words)
减词法
减词法最根本的原则是“减词不减意”，在不改变原文意思的前提下， 省略一些译文中可有可无的词。和

英语相比，汉语的句子往往要简练得多，通常只要意思 明确，能省则省，能略则略。
1) 省略冠词
冠词是英语中特有的一种词性，汉语中没有冠词。尽管英语中的冠词只有“a, an, the”三个 ，但用途极
广，用法复杂。在英译汉时，应当注意区分冠词是起语法作用，还是表达某种实际的意义。对 于仅起语法
作用而没有实际意义的冠词，在翻译过程中应当省略不译。
Ateacher should have patience.
教师应当有耐心。
Theearth is larger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.
地球比月亮大，但是比太阳小。
Acamel is much inferior to an elephant in strength.
骆驼在力量方面远不及大象。
2) 省略介词
大量使用介词是英语的一个显著特点。相对于英语来说汉语中的介词要少得多，使用频率也低 得多。
因此在英译汉时，英语介词往往要转换为其他词性或省略不译，尤其是表示时间和地点的介词。例 如：
Columbus arrived in America in the 15th century.
哥伦布15世纪到达美洲。
There is a temple at the top of the mountain.
山顶上有一座寺庙。
Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling.
大多数物质热胀冷缩。
3) 省略代词
英语中大量使用代词以 求得句式的严谨，而汉语中则要避免使用过多的代词。因此，在英译汉过程中
经常需要省略一些代词，包 括人称代词、物主代词、作宾语的反身代词以及用在强调句等特殊句型中的代
词“it”等。例如:
He whomade the mistake should have the courage to admit it.
犯了错误要有勇气承认。
How do atoms arrange themselves in a solid?
原子在固体中是怎样排列的？
Itwas in this mountain that this rare kind of plant was found.
正是在这座山上发现了这种珍稀植物。
4) 省略连接词
英语句子注重形合，句子内部的逻辑关系主要靠连接词来体现；而汉语句子注重的是意合， 句子内部
的逻辑关系是暗含的，往往不用连接词。例如:
Ifwinter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
He is thin and haggard and looks miserable.
他又瘦又憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。

Whenthe train stopped he stood up gloomily, for he thought of his sick mother.
火车停了下来，他忧郁地站了起来，想起了自己生病的母亲。 < br>总之，在翻译过程中，可以根据实际需要适当地增加或省略一些词，以达到忠实原文以及符合译文表
达习惯的目的。但此时一定要注意把握最基本的原则，即在不改变原文意思的前提下才能够增减，绝不能
随意增删、篡改原文的意思。

2. Pleasant surprises in language
Understanding MAN by using PLANT concepts
用植物概念来理解和描述人（二）

植物有生机盎然的时候，也有 凋零枯萎的时候。既然我们可以将人理解为植物，植物的凋零和枯萎也可用在
对人的理解和描述上。wilt
指植物因缺水而变蔫，或正在凋零死去，喻指人因遇到烦心事或受到不礼貌的对
待 而
“
精神不振
”
、
“
身体虚弱
”
、
“
失去信心
”
；
wither
表示植物的
“
干枯
”
、
“
枯萎
”
，用于人时表示
“
变得形容 枯
槁
”
。

He visibly wilted under pressure.
由于压力，他明显变憔悴了。

The spectators were wilting visibly in the hot sun.
观众在炎炎烈日下眼见快撑不住了。

Old age withered her face.
年迈使她面容枯槁。

野生植物因为没有人照料而长势不好，又因为不是 人工培育的，也就具有了许多人类不需要的东西。
cultivate
是动词，表示
“
栽培
”
、
“
种植
”
，其形容词形式
cul tivated
喻指人的举止行为
“
有教养的
”
、
“
有修养的
”
、
“
谈吐
文雅的
”
。

She was as well-educated and cultivated as she was beautiful.
她不仅长得漂亮，而且受过良好的教育，很有修养。

A wealthy and cultivated lady is hosting a dinner at the Jockey Restaurant.
一位富有而有教养的女士正在骑士餐厅主持晚宴。

植物的根（
root）用来表示与出生地或原籍相关联的情感或联系；
rootless
喻指某人
“< br>四处漂泊，没有归宿
”
；
put down roots
原义是植物生 根、扎根，喻指人
“
在一个地方定居下来
”
；
root for sb.
意思是在体育比赛
或遭遇困难时给某人加油助威。

I'm proud of my Italian roots.
我为自己的意大利血统感到骄傲。

She had had a rootless childhood moving from town to town.
她小时候居无定所，四处流浪。

After ten years traveling the world, she felt it was time to put down roots somewhere.
在世界各地游历十年之后，她感到是时候找个地方定居了。

We are rooting for the Bulls.
我们在为公牛队加油。

< br>在所有的植物之中，
“
草
”
的地位被认为是比较低的，因此，
“
草根（
grass roots
）
”
用来表示
“
乡村民众
”
、
“
基
层群众
”
、
“
选区选民
”
、
“
政党等组织中的普通成员
”
。

It was a grass-roots campaign.
这是一场草根阶层发起的运动。

There is another battle which is going on at grass-roots level.
另一场战斗正在基层展开。

bud
是植物的
“
嫩芽
”
，喻指
“
不成熟或未发育完全的
”
；在美国俗语中，它用来打招 呼，相当于
“
老兄
”
、
“
老弟
”
。

打苞
”
，形容词形式
budding
可以表示某人刚开始发展或 崭露头角，如
a budding bud
用作动词时表示
“
发芽，
artist
是
“
艺术界新秀
”
，
a budding writer
是
“
文坛新秀
”
。

Listen, bud, I don't like guys who answer me back.
听着，老弟，我不喜欢跟我顶嘴的人。

美丽的花朵（
flower
）喻指
“
最美的人
”
或
“
人一生中最美的时光
”< br>。作动词表示
“
（树）
`
作名词时表示
“
盛开的花< br>”
，
开花
”
、
“
（花）开放
”
；该 词作动词时还喻指
“
绽放光彩
”
、
“
展露才华
”< br>、
“
进入最佳状态
”
、
“
变得更加健康
”< br>。

I am no longer in the full flower of youth.
我已不再青春年少。

Her majesty invited the flower of the nobility.
女王陛下邀请了贵族里的精英。

She had blossomed into a real beauty.
她已出落成一个大美人了。

Harold suddenly blossomed at university.
哈罗德突然在大学期间展露出了才华。

She has visibly blossomed over the last few months.
她近几个月身体明显好多了。

Harrison started to blossom as a songwriter.
作为词曲作家，哈里森开始进入最佳状态。

Choose the word or phrase that best expresses the meaning of the italicized word or
phrase in the following sentences.
1. He is withering away.
(D)
A. going further and further
B. shrinking and drying up
C. wrinkled and dry
D. becoming weaker and weaker
2. Our friends were all rooting for us.
(A)
A. giving support to
B. offering help to
C. searching patiently for
D. waiting quietly for

3. Greta is very much enjoying having the baby. She is blooming.
(B)
A. recovering
B. becoming healthy and energetic
C. satisfied
D. becoming plump
4. They will run a workshop for buddingauthors on how to make, write, and illustrate
their own books.
(B)
A. ambitious but inexperienced
B. beginning to develop and be successful
C. green and inexperienced
D. successful but inexperienced
5. We must insist our policemen go back to grass roots to restore our faith in them.
A. basic regulations
B. causes of troubles
C. ordinary people
D. fundamental rules


(C)

Unit 4
Part 1 Language Skills Development
1. Starter
A. Work with a partner and answer the following questions.
1. Do you believe in natural cures?
Your answer：
Reference answer： Not totally. While it is true that some diseases can be cured without taking
traditional drugs, modern medicine is indispensable. Whenever a person is sick, he or she should
consult a doctor.
2. Have you ever come across an irresponsible or ill-mannered doctor?
Your answer：
Reference answer： Yes. This kind of doctor is detestable. They totally forget their professional ethics,
and more often than not, they lack the requisite specialist skills.
B. Listen to a story and fill in the blanks.
1. The businessman always tried to [pay as little as possible] for what he needed.
2. Dr. Smith charged [five hundred dollars] for the first visit, but only twenty-five
dollars for [each visit after that].
3. Dr. Smith said there was no need to examine the businessman again. He asked the
businessman to continue taking the medicine [he prescribed last time].


A Clever Doctor and a Mean Patient
There was a businessman who always tried to pay as little as possible for what he needed. One
day he fell ill. He decided to go to a doctor and asked a friend to recommend one.
. Smith is a good one,

Ali Baba could hardly believe what he had seen! He did
not dare to climb down from his tree—the thieves might come out at any moment and find him. He
waited a long time.

each visit after that.
. Smith.
As he walked into the consulting room, he said,
dollars on the table.
The doctor looked at the businessman carefully for a moment, then smiled and put the money
into the drawer of his desk.

Tapescript:
Mind Map
consulting room

诊疗室

medicine I prescribed to you when you came to me last time.

2. Text
Info Box
1. Quack
A quack is
professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, or qualifications he or she does not possess
The word
who uses a salve.
their wares on the market shouting in a loud voice.
2. Medical Laboratory
A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on clinical
specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient. Laboratory tests are an
integral part of the workup of any patient, and constitute up to 80% of a physician's diagnosis
and treatment choice. In many countries, there are two main types of labs that process the
majority of medical specimens. Hospital laboratories are attached to a hospital, and perform
tests on patients. Private (or community) laboratories receive samples from general
practitioners, insurance companies, and other health clinics for analysis. These can also be called
reference laboratories where more unusual and obscure tests are performed.
As medical technology advances, doctors are able to get more and more tests done in shorter
and shorter amounts of time. While in the past a doctor might order a potassium (钾) and glucose
(葡萄糖) and it would take hours for the results, now a doctor can order a full chemistry panel of
20 or more different analytes (被分析化学物) and get the results within an hour. The results are
also much more accurate and reliable now than in the past.

A Doctor or a
Quack
? 医生还是江湖郎中？
1 The modern doctor's business is an extremely
simple one, which could be acquired in about two
weeks. This is the way it is done.
2 The patient enters the consulting room. ,
says, have a bad it?
,
above your head.
patient and strikes him a powerful blow on the back.

Then the doctor turns suddenly and lets him have a
left hook under the heart.
viciously, as the patient falls over on the sofa in a
heap. , and counts ten. The
patient rises. The doctor looks him over very carefully
without speaking, and then suddenly fetches him a
1 现在干医生这一行非常简单，大
约只需两个礼拜就能学会。下面就是医
生怎么看病的。
2 病人走进诊室，对医生说：“医
生，我痛死了！” 医生问：“哪里痛？”“这
里。”医生说：“站起来，把胳膊举过头。”
随后，医生走到病人背后，在他的后背
猛 击了一下。医生问：“感觉到痛了吗？”
病人答道：“感觉到了。”医生又突然转
过来，在他心 脏下方来了一记左钩拳。
病人倒在沙发上，瘫作一团，医生却恶
狠狠地问：“这样痛不痛？起来 。”医生
边说边从一数到十。病人就站了起来。
医生仔细地观察着他，一言不发。然后
突然在他的腹部捶了一拳，使他痛得弯

blow in the stomach that doubles him up speechless.
下身去，说不出话来。医生则走到窗户
The doctor walks over to the window and reads the
边，读了一会晨报。没一会儿，他转过
morning paper for a while. Presently he turns and
身来，不像是对病人说话，更像自言自
begins to mutter more to himself than to the patient.
语：“哦，是轻度中耳炎。”“是这样吗？”
slight anaesthesia of the
病人问道，感到无比恐惧。“医生，我该
tympanum.
怎么做呢？”医 生说：“你要保持安静；
of fear.
你必须躺在床上，保持安静。”当然，其
the doctor,
实呢，医生根本不知道病人的问题出在
to go to bed and stay there and keep quiet.
哪儿，但他明白，只要病人愿意躺在床
of course, the doctor hasn't the least idea what is
上并保持安静，而且是非常的安静，那
wrong with the man; but he DOES know that if he will
他要么在不知不觉中康复，要么就会静
go to bed and keep quiet, awfully quiet, he'll either get
悄悄地死去。同时，如果医生每天早上
quietly well again or else die a quiet death. Meantime,
都去走访病人，揍他一顿，就能让他乖
if the doctor calls every morning and thumps and
乖听话，或许还能迫使他承认自己得了
beats him, he can keep the patient submissive and
什么病。
3 病人完全被吓住了，问道：“医
perhaps force him to confess what is wrong with him.
3 about diet, doctor?says the patient,
生，饮食方面要注意什么？”
4 对这个问题有多种回答，这取决
completely cowed.
4 The answer to this question varies very much. It
于医生当时的情绪，以及距他自己上次
depends on how the doctor is feeling and whether it is
吃饭的时间。如果在接近中午时，医生
long since he had a meal himself. If it is late in the
已经很饿了，他便会说：“哦，别害怕，
morning and the doctor is extremely hungry, he says,
多吃点；肉、蔬菜、淀粉、胶水、水泥，
eat plenty, don't be afraid of it; eat meat,
想吃啥就吃啥。” 但如果他刚刚吃过午
vegetables, starch, glue, cement, anything you
饭，嘴里还喷着一股浓浓的黑果派的味
the doctor has just had lunch and if his
道，他就会语气坚决地说：“不，别吃任
breathing is short- circuited with huckleberry pie, he
何东西，一口都不能吃；这对你没有坏
says very firmly,
处，因为在饮食方面稍加克制是世界上
at all, absolutely not a bite; it won't hurt you, a little
最美好的事。”
self-denial in the matter of eating is the best thing in
5 病人问：“那喝酒呢？”同样，医
生的答案也会有很多种。他可能会说：
the world.
5 what about drinking?Again the doctor's
“噢，可以，偶尔来一杯陈啤，或者你喜
answer varies. He may say,
欢的话，喝一杯加苏打水的杜松子酒，
a glass of lager now and then, or, if you prefer it, a gin
或者威士忌。我想，在睡觉之前我更喜
and soda or a whisky, and I think before going to bed
欢来一杯苏格兰热巧克力威士忌，再加
”医生讲到这些
I'd take a hot Scotch with a couple of lumps of white
上几块方糖和几片柠檬。
sugar and bit of lemon peel in it.
的时候非常兴奋，眼睛闪闪发光，充满
with real feeling, and his eyes glisten with the pure
了对自己职业由衷的热爱。但是如果医
love of his profession. But if, on the other hand, the
生前一晚参加了一伙医生朋友的聚会，
doctor has spent the night before at a little gathering
他就会禁止病人碰任何形式的酒精，并
of medical friends, he is very apt to forbid the patient
且严厉地拒谈这一话题。
这种治疗本身太容易令人
to touch alcohol in any shape, and to dismiss the
6 当然，
起疑，因而无法激起病人应有的信心。
subject with great severity.
6 Of course, this treatment in and of itself would
但是如今有化验室可以帮助做到这一
appear too transparent, and would fail to inspire the
点。无论病人得了什么病，医生都会坚

patient with proper confidence. But nowadays this
element is supplied by the work of the analytical
laboratory. Whatever is wrong with the patient, the
doctor insists on snipping off parts and pieces and
extracts of him and sending them mysteriously away
to be analyzed. He cuts off a lock of the patient's hair,
and marks it, . Smith's Hair, October, 2001.
he clips off the lower part of the ear, and wraps it in
paper, and labels it, . Smith's Ear, October,
the patient up and down, with
the scissors in his hand, and if he sees any likely part
of him he clips it off and wraps it up. Now this, oddly
enough, is the very thing that fills the patient up with
that sense of personal importance which is worth
paying for.
the day to a group of friends much impressed,
doctor thinks there may be a slight anaesthesia of the
tympanum, but he's sent my ear to New York and my
appendix to Baltimore and a lock of my hair to the
editors of all the medical journals, and meantime I am
to keep very quiet and not exert myself beyond
drinking a hot Scotch with lemon every half- hour.
With that he sinks back faintly on his cushions,
luxuriously happy.
7 And yet, isn't it funny?
8 You and I and the rest of us—even if we know all
this—as soon as we have a pain within us, rush for a
doctor as fast as a hack can take us. Yes, personally, I
even prefer an ambulance with a bell on it. It's more
soothing.

持从他身上切割下这样或那样零零碎碎
的东西，然后神 神秘秘地送去化验。比
如，医生会剪掉病人的一缕头发并做上
标记：“史密斯先生的头发，20 01年10
月”。然后，医生切掉病人耳朵的下部，
用纸包起来并做上标记：“史密斯先生的< br>部分耳朵，2001年10月”。医生从上
到下仔细打量病人，手里拿着剪刀，只
要看到 任何疑似跟病情有关的地方，就
会从病人身上剪去，并包起来。奇怪的
是，这种做法却令病人觉 得自己很受重
视，因而值得为此花钱。当天稍晚的时
候，包扎着绷带的病人对大为惊叹的朋友们说：“是的，医生认为可能是轻度中
耳炎，他已经将我的耳朵送到纽约，把
阑尾送到巴 尔的摩，把一缕头发送到所
有医学杂志的编辑手上，同时我必须保
持安静，每半小时顶多喝一杯 加柠檬的
苏格兰热巧克力威士忌。”说着，他虚弱
地向后靠在垫子上，舒舒服服，心满意
足。
7 然而，这一切难道还不滑稽吗？
8 虽然你、我和其他人 对这些都很
清楚，但是一旦我们有点小病小痛，还
是会飞快地打车去看医生。是的，我个
人甚至还更愿意坐带鸣笛的救护车去，
因为这让人感觉更加安心。


New Words

quack
n. [C] (disapproving) a person who dishonestly claims to have medical knowledge or skills
庸医，
江湖郎中，冒牌医生


viciously
ad. in a cruel way
残酷地，凶狠地，恶毒地

Passers-by just looked on as a man was viciously attacked.
有一名男子遭人毒打，可路人袖手旁观。


heap
n. [C] an untidy pile of sth.
一堆

His clothes were in a crumpled heap on the floor.
他的衣服杂乱地堆在地板上。

vt. to put things in an untidy pile
堆积，堆置

He heaped the leaves up in the corner of the garden.
他把树叶堆在花园的角落里。

They heaped our plates with food. They heaped food on our plates.
他们往我们盘子里堆了很多食物。


speechless
a. unable to speak, esp. because you are extremely angry or surprised
（尤指气得或惊讶得）说不
出话来


mutter
. to speak or say sth. in a quiet voice that is difficult to hear, esp. because you're annoyed
about sth.
嘀咕，嘟囔


slight
a. very small in degree
轻微的，略微的


anesthesia
n. 1) [U] the state of being unable to feel anything, esp. pain
感觉缺失，麻木

n. 2) [U]
麻醉


tympanum
n. [C]
耳膜，鼓膜，鼓室


awfully
ad. very, extremely
非常，极其


thump
. 1) to hit . hard, esp. with one's closed hand
重击，狠打

He thumped the table angrily.
他愤怒地用拳头击打桌子。

I'll thump you if you say that again.
你要再说那些话，我就把你揍扁。

. 2) to fall on or hit a surface hard, with a loud dull sound
撞击，嘭地发出闷响

A bird thumped against the window.
一只鸟儿
“
咚
”
的一声撞在窗子上。

n. 1) [C] the sound of sth. heavy hitting the ground or another object
重击声，碰撞声

There was a thump as the truck hit the bank.
卡车撞在马路边坡上，发出
“
砰
”
的一声巨响。

n. 2) [C] an act of hitting . hard
重击，撞击

If he does that again I'm going to give him a good thump.
他要再那么做，我就好好揍他一顿。


submissive
a. willing to obey sb. whatever they want you to do
恭顺的，服从的

He was looking for a quiet, submissive wife.
他正在寻找一位娴静而温顺的妻子人选。

John is said to be excessively submissive to his wife.
据说约翰非常怕老婆。


cowed
a. made to feel afraid and that you are not as good as sb. else
使感到胆怯的，自惭形秽的

She was easily cowed by people in authority.
她很容易被有权势的人吓住。

Potential rivals were so cowed by her popularity that no one dared challenge her for the leadership.
由于她深得人心，那些潜在的竞争者都被镇住了，无人敢挑战她的领导地位。


starch
n. [U]
淀粉；含淀粉的食物


glue
n. [U] a sticky substance that is used for joining things together
胶水，胶

vt. to join two things together using glue
粘合；用胶粘


cement
n. [U]
水泥，胶合剂


huckleberry
n. [C]
黑果，越桔


self-denial
n. [U] the act of not having or doing the things you like, either because you do not have enough
（宗教）弃绝自我
money, or for moral or religious reasons
克己；
a life of self-denial and sacrifice
克己、奉献的生活

The real tragedy of the poor is that they can afford nothing but self- denial.
穷人真正的悲剧就在于除了自我克制之外，无力做其他任何事。


lager
n. [U, C]
窖藏啤酒，陈贮啤酒


gin
n. [U]
杜松子酒


soda
n. 1) [U, C]
苏打

n. 2) [U]
无水碳酸钠


lemon
n. [C, U] a yellow citrus fruit with a lot of sour juice
柠檬


peel
n. [U, C] the skin of some fruits or vegetables
果皮，菜皮

vt. to take the skin off fruit, vegetables, etc.
剥皮，去皮


apt
a. 1) likely or having a tendency to do sth.
易于，倾向于

The kitchen roof is apt to leak when it rains.
下雨时厨房的屋顶很容易漏水。

a. 2) suitable or appropriate in the circumstances
恰当的，合适的

Chris produced an apt comment which summed up how we all felt.
克里斯做了一番中肯的评论，道出了我们大家的感受。

a. 3) clever; having a natural ability or skill
聪明的；敏捷的

We have some particularly apt students in the class this year.
今年班上有些学生天分很高。


severity
n. [U] the seriousness of something bad or unpleasant
严重，严重性


transparent
a. 1) (of an excuse, a lie, etc.) allowing you to see the truth easily
显而易见的；易识破的

transparent lies
一戳即破的谎言

Am I that transparent (=are my intentions that obvious)?
我就那么容易被识破？

a. 2) that can be seen through
透明的；清澈的

The insect's wings are almost transparent.
这种昆虫的翅膀几乎是透明的。

Glass is a transparent material.
玻璃是一种透明材料。


analytical
a.
分析的，解析的


snip
. to cut sth. with scissors using short quick strokes
（用剪刀快速）剪，剪断

Snip a tiny hole in the paper.
在纸上剪一个小孔。

She snipped at the loose threads hanging down.
她把垂下来的线头剪掉了。


extract
n. [C, U] a substance that has been obtained from sth. else using a particular process
提取物，
精华

face cream containing natural plant extracts
含有天然植物提取物的面霜

vanilla extract
香子兰精

vt. to remove or obtain a substance from sth., for example, by using an industrial or chemical
process
提取，提炼

to extract essential oils from plants
从植物中提取精油


mysteriously
ad. not easily understood; full of mystery
神秘地，不可思议地


clip
vt. to cut off a thing or part of a thing with scissors or shears
剪下，剪去


wrap
vt. to cover or enclose . in paper or soft material
包，裹

He spent the evening wrapping the Christmas presents.
他晚上把圣诞礼物包好了。


scissors

n. [pl.]
剪刀


oddly
ad. 1) used to show that sth. is surprising
令人奇怪地，令人惊异地

ad. 2) in a strange or unusual way
古怪地，反常地


exert
vt. 1) to make a big effort
努力，尽力

vt. 2) to use power or influence to affect .
运用，施加（影响）


faintly
ad. feeling weak and tired
虚弱地


luxuriously
ad. in a very fine, costly and comfortable way
豪华地，奢侈地；精美而昂贵地

She sprawled out luxuriously on the sofa.
她伸展四肢，舒服地躺在沙发上。


hack
n. [C] (AmE) a taxi
出租车


ambulance
n. [C]
救护车


soothing

a. making one feel calmer and more relaxed and less nervous, worried, or upset
安慰的，抚慰的

a soothing voicelotion
让人感到安心的嗓音

镇痛液

Her words had a soothing effect.
她的话起了安慰人的作用。

Phrases and Expressions

strike sb. a blow

猛击某人一拳


fetch sb. a blow

击打某人


double (sb.) up
to bend or to make your body bend over quickly because of pain or laughter
（因剧痛或大笑而）
弯身子

Most of the crowd doubled up with laughter at every joke.
每听完一个笑话，大部分人都会大笑到直不起
腰来。

She was doubled up with the pain in her stomach.
她因胃痛而直不起腰来。


in the matter of
as regards
在
……
方面；关于，至于

We are not trained in the matter of agricultural business.
我们在农业贸易方面未经训练。

He is strict in the matter of discipline.
他在纪律方面要求严格。


be apt to do sth.
to be likely to do sth.; to have a tendency to do sth.
倾向于做某事

The kitchen roof is apt to leak when it rains.
下雨时厨房的屋顶很容易漏水。


snip off
to remove sth. by cutting it with scissors in short quick strokes
（快速）剪去，剪掉

Snip off the end of the tube.
把管子的末端剪掉。

The gardener is snipping off the dead leaves in the garden.
花匠在花园里修剪枯叶。


clip off
to cut sth. with scissors or shears
剪下，剪掉

He clipped off a length of wire.
他剪掉了一段金属线。

clip off an animal's tail
剪去动物的尾巴


look sb. up and down
to look at sb. in a careful or critical way
上下仔细打量；苛刻地审视（某人）

They looked me up and down.
他们上上下下地打量我。


exert oneself

努力，竭力

Note to Para. 1
1. “Have you been here before?” asked the receptionist when I showed up at the doctor’s office.“以前
来这儿就诊过吗？”当我出现在医生诊室时，接待员问道。
receptionist: n. [C] 接待员
e.g. She has a good temper as a receptionist at the hotel and a hot temper as a wife at home.
show up: 出现，露面；露出
e.g. She felt uneasy when she saw her ex-boyfriend show up at her wedding.

Note to Para. 3
2. The doctor will be with you in a minute. 医生一会儿就来。
Note how “be with sb.” is translated into Chinese in different context.
e.g. Thank you for being with us for the Morning News.
In hardship, I will be with you; for pleasure, I will not.

Notes to Para. 4
3. … but “the doctor will be with you in a minute” appeared to be longer than sixty seconds so I looked
around. ……虽说“医生一分钟就到。”但似乎已经不止一分钟了，于是我便开始环顾四周。
Note that the author was being sarcastic by taking the literal meaning of “in a minute”, which, unlike

“in an hour” or “in a week” (with only the literal meaning), simply means the same as “in a few
minutes”, “in a moment” or “shortly”. The same is true of “in a second” which could be far more than
one second.
4. On the other wall there was a window overlooking the yard covered with some kind of green bush.
另一面墙上有一扇窗户可以俯瞰长满某种绿色灌木的庭院。
overlook: vt. 俯瞰
e.g. I wish one day I could afford a house of that kind overlooking the beautiful sea.
5. In the corner between the ceiling and the wall I noticed a thin spider’s web. 我还注意到在天花板
和墙壁之间的角落里结了一层薄薄的蜘蛛网。
Note the difference between “in the corner” and “at the corner”.
e.g. The two girls were talking in a low voice in the corner of the classroom. (indicating indoors)
Go ahead and turn right at the corner of the first crossing. (indicating outdoors)
On the surface, this description seems to be hinting at poor health environment of the hospital
where even spiders should be found to exist. But at a deep level, the spider symbolizes the American
medical system which resembles the spider’s web. Just as insects fall victim in the spider’s web, so
the writer is entrapped in this hospital. The writer seems to suggest that the entire medical system in
the U.S. is a big, big trap and poor people like him are its victims.

Note to Para. 5
6. “Are you all right?” the nurse peeked through the door. “你感觉还好吗？”护士从门缝里瞅着我
问道。
peek: vi. 偷看，窥视
e.g. They caught him peeking in through the keyhole.

Note to Para. 6
7. The appointment was scheduled at a certain day and a certain hour a week ago. And I
was ready. 一周前就已经预约好具体时间，我可是有备而来的。
appointment: n. [C] 预约
e.g. I have an appointment with my dentist this afternoon.
schedule: vt. 计划
e.g. The meeting is scheduled for next Wednesday afternoon.

Note to Para. 7
8. “Good morning,” a white coat interrupted my thoughts. “How are you?” “早安。”一个穿白大褂
的医生打断了我的思绪。“你感觉如何？”
Note that “a white coat” is a metonymy (借代，转喻).
Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own
name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. Metonyms
(instances of metonymy转喻词) can be either real or fictional concepts representing other concepts
real or fictional, but they must serve as an effective and widely understood second name for what

they represent. For instance, “Hollywood” is used as a metonym for US cinema. Another example is
“the White House”, which is used as a metonym for the US government.

Note to Para. 8
9. “Good morning. I’m fine. Thank you.” I lied because I was at the doctor’s office so it meant that I
wasn’t fine.“早安。我很好。谢谢。”我言不由衷地说，因为我一定是身体不舒服才来诊所的。
The author’s “I’m fine” sounds “illogical” so as to achieve his purpose of being
humorous about the hospital and the doctor.

Note to Para. 9
10. “What’s wrong with you?” he asked, looking at the clipboard where it was stated in black and
white what was wrong with me. “你哪里不舒服？”他问道，眼睛看着白纸黑字清清楚楚记着
我病情的记录夹板。
in black and white: 白纸黑字
e.g. Once it’s down in black and white, you can’t forget it.

Note to Para. 10
11. “I seem to have a problem with my left foot,” I helped him to read. “我左脚好像有毛病。”我帮
了他一把好让他把病情记录看明白。
Note that the author is being sarcastic when he says “I helped him to read (the clipboard)”. As
everyone knows, the doctor can read and write. The author also knew this, but he deliberately said
he helped the doctor read because the doctor behaved in a way as if he could not understand what is
written on the clipboard.

Note to Para. 11
12. “Let’s see...,” he took my left foot in his hands, “Well...,” he scratched his forehead, “we have to
take some X-rays,” he decided. “让我看看……”他双手抓住我的 左脚，“嗯……”他挠了挠
额头，“我们得拍几张X光片”，他肯定地说。
By using such expressions as “took my left foot in his hands”, “scratched his forehead”, this
sentence presents a vivid picture of the affected manner with which the doctor diagnosed the
patient’s disease. Then why did he put on such affected airs? Let us wait and see!

Note to Para. 14
13. Four X-rays had to be taken — two of the front of my foot and one of each side of it. 一共要拍四
张X光片——脚正面两张，侧面各一张。
It seems that more X-rays taken will lead to more accurate diagnosis, so few patients will
complain about it even if they might be over- checked — with Type-B ultrasonic for instance
followed by CT and thus overcharged as is a common practice now in some hospitals.

Note to Para. 16
14. “There is a small bone here that is causing the problem,” he looked at the X-ray against the light. “I
can remove it if you like.” “我拿到你的X光片了，”医生走了进来，“病因在这块小 骨头上。”
他对着灯光观察X光片，“如果你愿意，我能把它取出来。”
Note that by asking a patient “if you like” for a surgery, he sounded unprofessional if not
irresponsible as a doctor.
Note also that “as if you like” is spoken British English used to suggest or offer something to
someone. e.g. If you like, I could go with you.

Note to Para. 19
15. “How much will it cost me to have surgery?” “手术费要花多少钱？”
Meaning: How much shall I pay for the surgery?
Note that “it” in the sentence is an antecedent (先行词) referring to the infinitive phrase “to have
surgery”.

Note to Para. 20
16. “Let’s see. The operation will cost about three thousand dollars, then rehabilitation — about two
thousand, hospital, medicine... I think that you would have to spend about eight thousand.” “我们来
算一下。手术费大约3 000美元，然后需要康复——费用约2000美元，还有住院费，医药费……
我想你得花大约8000 美元。”
With such high medical costs, those Americans with no medical insurance for some reasons
sometimes simply go without needed medical treatment. On the other hand, overbilling is nothing
unusual in the medical profession in which physicians feel forced to exaggerate symptoms of
managed-care patients, since otherwise their insurers would deny coverage.

Note to Para. 22
17. “It’s up to you. For now I can give you some pills that will ease the pain.” “由你自己决定。我暂
且可以给你开点止痛药。”
ease: . 减轻；放松；缓和
e.g. The aspirin eased her headache.
Note that pills that will ease the pain can simply be substituted by the word “painkiller”.

Note to Para. 23
18. If I make a decision to have this operation, how much time will it take for me to be able to walk and
work again? 如果我决定手术的话，需要多长时间我才能恢复走路并正常工作呢？
Obviously, the author had other concerns than the financial problem. It seems that going back
to work soon after the surgery is as important as his health.

Note to Para. 26
19. Going back to the front desk, I was thinking feverishly. I couldn’t afford not to work for such a
long time. 回到前台我焦躁不安地思考着。我可承受不了这么长时间不工作。
Meaning: I couldn’t manage without working for three months.
Note that for many patients it is both a financial and a time problem to be off work for an operation
for three months, which can mean losing the job, plus the salaries.

Note to Para. 27
20. “It will be two hundred for the first visit, one hundred and eighty for the X-rays so it makes three
hundred and eighty all together,” said the receptionist. “初诊费二百元，X光片一百八十元，总
共三百八十元。”接待员说道。
make: vt. 等于，相等
e.g. Twelve inches make one foot.

Note to Para. 29
21. “The first visit costs so much,” explained the receptionist, “but the next will cost you less,” she
consoled me seeing a painful grimace on my face. “Here’s your prescription. Have a nice day!” “初
诊费是不便宜，”接待员解释说，看到我痛苦的表情又补充道，“但复诊费就会减少点。这
是你的处方，祝你愉快！”
console: vt. 安慰，慰藉
e.g. We tried to console our cousin who was almost mad with grief after her son’s death.
prescription: n. [C] 处方
e.g. These pills are available by prescription only.

Notes to Para. 30
22. If I had known how much the doctor would spoil my day, I wouldn’t have gone to see him at all. 早
知道会被医生破坏心情，我根本就不会去就诊。
spoil: vt. 破坏
e.g. Our holidays were spoiled by bad weather.
23. The pain was the pain and I had to get rid of it somehow. 疼痛就是疼痛，我总得止痛吧。
Meaning: The pain made you suffer and it would last unless you find a way to ease it.
Note the emphatic structure of the expression, The pain was the pain: a noun + be + the same noun.
cf. Business is business; A child is a child; A friend is a friend.
24. The nearest drug store sold me the medicine for forty dollars so I spent four hundred and twenty
dollars all together just to know that if I like I can have a surgery. 在最近的一 家药店花了四十元
买了药，这样一共花了四百二十元，最终结果只是让我知道了，如果我愿意的话就能做 手术。
just to: also, only to, an expression used to indicate an unexpected or unwanted result.
e.g. We worked hard for thirty years justonly to afford a two-bedroom apartment in the suburbs of
Shanghai.

Note to Para. 31
25. It just so happened that two months later I saw my friend from Poland who was an orthopedic doctor.
One word led to another and I told him about my problem and about the visit to a local doctor. 两
个月后，我碰巧遇到了我的波兰朋友，他是名外科整形医生。在你 一言我一语的交谈中，我
顺便跟他提到了我的疾病以及在当地就诊的经历。
One word leads to another: 你一言我一语
e.g. One word leads to another and before you know, you’re in a quarrel with the rude man in a
busy street, drawing a crowd of onlookers.
cf. one thing leads to another: 一发而不可收
e.g. He only stole a pen from his teacher’s office at first, but one thing led to another and he ended
up in prison.

Note to Para. 32
26. “All you need is a support.” “你只需要一个支架。”
support: n. a structure that holds up or provides a foundation 支架，支撑
What a different treatment! Just a simple support will do rather than an expensive operation. A
doctor is a doctor and a quack is a quack.

Note to Para. 35
27. “Wow! You are saving my life!” I exclaimed. “哇！你可真是我的救星！”我叫道。
Meaning: You are saving me a big trouble.
Note that the expression “You are saving my life” seems to sound exaggerating for such a small
trouble as his problem foot, but it is commonly used in such a situation to show one’s pleasant
surprise and gratitude.

Note to Para. 37
28. Waiting for the promised support, I used up all my pills and went back to the doctor to get a new
prescription. 在等待我的支架从波兰寄来期间，我的止痛药用完了，于是便又去找那位医生想
重新开个处方。
Note that here “a new prescription” refers to another prescription for the same pill（新处方抓老药）,
not a prescription for a new drug.

Note to Para. 38
29. “The doctor can’t give you a new prescription without seeing you,” the receptionist surprised me.
“大夫没给你看病就不能重新开处方。”接待员的话让我很意外。
From a different standpoint, the nurse and the doctor were expecting to benefit from the
patient’s one-after-another visit while the patient wanted to save money by simply taking a
prescription like the previous one without being “seen” by the doctor. No wonder the author was
surprised.

Note to Para. 45
30. “Can I get anything that has a similar efficacy to this medicine?” I showed the pharmacist an empty
container. “能买到类似这种药效的药吗？”我把一只空药盒拿给药剂师看。
Meaning: Can I get some medicine that has the same effect as this medicine?
efficacy: n. [U] 功效
e.g. Aspirin has efficacy in relieving headaches.
pharmacist: n. 药剂师
e.g. Don’t mix alcohol and medicine unless your doctor or pharmacist says it’s ok.
Note the difference between pharmacist, pharmacy, chemist, chemist’s and drugstore. A pharmacist
is someone who prepares and sells medicines. This is American English, but in British English
pharmacist is slightly technical and it is more usual to use the word chemist. The place where a
pharmacist works is a pharmacy. This can be a shop, part of a shop, or part of a hospital. Pharmacy
is the usual word in American English. In British English, you usually refer to the part of a hospital
that prepares and gives out medicines as a pharmacy, but the usual word for a shop where medicines
are prepared and sold is a chemist or a chemist’s. In Britain chemists usually also sell other things,
such as beauty and baby products. A shop like this is called a drugstore or pharmacy in North
America.

Notes to Para. 49
31. I had been sinking in something that was hard to believe in — the sea of question marks. 我已经陷
入难以置信的境地——满脑子都是问号。
Meaning: I had so many questions about what had been going on that it seemed as if I had been
submerged in water and there was no way to get out of it.
Note that in this sentence the author uses two metaphors: 1) sink in something, meaning “get into the
trouble as if drowning in the flood”; 2) the sea of question marks, meaning “plenty of question
marks like an endless sea”.
sink in: 陷入
e.g. They lost all their money and sank into desperate poverty.
32. Why did I have to have surgery if I didn’t need it? Why did I have to spend eight thousand dollars if
I could solve the problem with ten dollars? Why did I have to use medicine for forty dollars if I
could swallow pills for five bucks? Why did I have to pay for the first visit if I wasn’t sure that I
would come to see the same doctor again? Why? Why? Why? 为什么我非得做手术呢，如果我并
不需要的话？为什么 我非得花费八千元呢，如果十元就能解决问题？为什么我一定要用四十
元的药呢，如果我能用五元的药？ 为什么我非得付初诊费呢，如果我不能确定会去复诊的话？
为什么？为什么？为什么呢？
Note that the seven why-questions strongly convey the patient’s painful experience of this painful
visit —disbelief, questioning, indignity, complaint and protest.
swallow: vt. vi. 吞咽
e.g. Most snakes swallow their prey whole.
buck: n. [C] 钱；（一）元

e.g. Using celebrities in advertising is guaranteed to make big bucks.

Note to Para. 50
33. But here, in America, I am scared to death. I am scared to death not because I have a health problem
to solve but because the visit makes me even more sick. 但在美国，我却怕得要命。这么害怕不
是因为担 心我需要解决的健康问题，而是因为看病反倒加重我的病情。
The sarcastic criticism is well expressed by the last part of this sentence: “the visit makes me
even more sick. Here “even more sick” indicates that the hospital has made him worse than before,
not only physically, but also mentally.


3. Questions on the text
1. How does the doctor diagnose the patient at the beginning?
He diagnoses his patient by striking him quick, unexpected and powerful blows.
2. What advice does the doctor give to the patient even if he has no idea what is wrong with the
patient? What is the doctor's motive for giving this advice?
He advises the patient to go to bed and stay there and keep quiet. This may result in either a quiet
recovery or a quiet death. In either case, the patient won't come to him and complain about his
treatment.
3. What does the doctor hope to achieve when he calls every morning and thumps and beats his
patient?
He hopes that in this way he can keep the patient submissive and perhaps force him to confess what
is wrong with him.
4. How does the doctor reply to the patient's questions on diet?
The answer to this question varies very much. He is likely to advise the patient to eat plenty when it
is late in the morning and he is extremely hungry. But he'll advise his patient not to eat anything if
he has just had lunch and is very full.
5. What prevents so many people from seeing through the modern quacks?
It is the work of the analytical laboratory. Otherwise the modern quacks' treatment would be so
transparent that people would easily recognize the real nature of those quacks.
6. Why does the writer claim that the work of laboratory analysis makes the patient feel that the
treatment is worth paying for?
This is because the patient is filled up with a sense of personal importance when he sees his
and pieces and extracts
7. What does the writer really mean when he says an ambulance is more soothing than a hack?
The writer is ridiculing modern quacks. As is known to us all, the ambulance cannot cure the patient,
but it won't at least torture him. When the patient is treated by a quack, however, he will be beaten,
given bad advice. Worst of all, his

8. What is this article intended to say?
The article is intended to advise the reader to beware of modern article is intended to
expose the quack medicine in our society.
4. Working with words and phrases
A. Put the following Chinese expressions into English.
1. 倒在沙发上瘫作一团
fall over on the sofa in a heap
2. 处于恐惧的痛苦之中
in an agony of fear
3. 对某人病情一无所知
not have the least idea what's wrong with somebody
4. 克制饮食
self- denial in the matter of eating
5. 剪去一撮头发
cut off a lock of hair
6. 激发病人对医生的信任
inspire the patient's confidence with hisher doctor
B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the text.
1. One of them sipped from a glass of water, looking wary but not c(owed).
2. His cheeks g(listened) with tears as he was told about his mother's death.
3. Just d(ismiss) those thoughts from your mind—they are crazy and not worth thinking about.
4. He s(nipped) the string and untied the parcel.
5. If you were to e(xert) your influence they might change
their decision.

Mind Map

enjoy high social status
sacred and decent
go to the pharmacy (drugstore; chemist's)
5. Discussion
Discuss the following questions with a partner or in a small
group of 4 to 6 students.
1. What do you think of being a doctor?
In my opinion, a doctor enjoys high social status and the
pharmacist (druggist; chemist)
doctor's vocation is considered as sacred and decent. They
earn respect from patients
can earn respect from patients, and their duty is to heal the
heal the wounded and rescue the dying
wounded and rescue the dying. Besides, they make good
money. A doctor should not give priority to money, though; otherwise he is not a good doctor.
2. Do you think it is necessary to see a doctor when one is sick? Please give your reasons.
When we get sick, whether to see a doctor depends on how serious the illness is. For a common
disease, we can go to a drugstore where there are pharmacists to give us proper help. However, if we
are seriously ill, we will have no choice but to go and see a doctor.
6. Practice: interpreting
Several days after the medical examination, Mr. Watson, the patient, had a gathering with his friends.
Mr. Watson had a conversation with one of them, Mr. Johnson. The conversation is as follows.
Interpret it into English with your partner.
约翰逊：听说你最近身体不好，到底怎么了？

Mr. Johnson: I hear you're not very well these days. What's the matter?
沃 森：我这里很痛。前几天去看了医生。
Mr. Watson: I have a bad pain here. I went to see the doctor the other day.
约翰逊：医生怎么说？严不严重？
Mr. Johnson: What did the doctor say? Is it serious?
沃 森：医生检查了我的后背、心脏还有胃部。他认为我有点轻微的中耳炎。
Mr. Watson: The doctor examined my back, heart, and stomach. He thought there might be a slight
anaesthesia of the tympanum.
约翰逊：是吗？那医生开了什么方子？
Mr. Johnson: Is that so? What did the doctor prescribe you?
沃 森：医生让我保持绝对安静，得安安静静地卧床休息。
Mr. Watson: The doctor asked me to keep very quite. I have to stay in bed and keep quiet.
约翰逊：医生让你做化验了吗？
Mr. Johnson: Did the doctor have anything analyzed?
沃 森：当然了，他从我身上剪下一些零零碎碎的东西，然后送到各个化验室去化验。
Mr. Watson: Of course. He snipped off parts and pieces and extracts of me and sent them to analytical
laboratories in different places.
约翰逊：那一定很贵吧？
Mr. Johnson: That must be very expensive?
沃 森：是有一些贵，可我觉得很值。
Mr. Watson: Yes, it is. But it is worth paying for.
约翰逊：这下你就再也不能喝酒了。
Mr. Johnson: Now you cannot drink alcohol any more.
沃 森：对，对，你说得非常正确。
Mr. Watson: No, no. You're absolutely correct.

7. Practice: translation
expressions.

A. Put the following sentences from the text into Chinese. Pay special attention to the italicized
1. Then the doctor turns suddenly and lets him have a left hook under the heart.
医生又突然转过来，在他心脏下方来了一记左钩拳。
2. But if, on the other hand, the doctor has spent the night before at a little gathering of medical friends,
he is very apt to forbid the patient to touch alcohol in any shape, and to dismiss the subject with great
severity.
但是如果医生前一晚参加了一伙医生朋友的聚会，他就会禁 止病人碰任何形式的酒精，并且严厉地拒谈这一话题。
3. Then he looks the patient up and down, with the scissors in his hand, and if he sees any likely part of
him he clips it off and wraps it up.

医生从上到下仔细打 量病人，手里拿着剪刀，只要看到任何疑似跟病情有关的地方，就会从病人身上剪去，并包起来。
4. Now this, oddly enough, is the very thing that fills the patient up with that sense of personal
importance which is worth paying for.
奇怪的是，这种做法却令病人觉得自己很受重视，因而值得为此花钱。

B. Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets.
1. After hours of questioning, [the suspect confessed] (嫌犯终于招供了).
2. The old car [is apt to] (很容易) break down.
3. Using someone else's name is [not in and of itself a crime] (本身并不是犯罪) unless
there is an intention to commit a fraud.
4. By a small margin, Americans are [more pleased than disappointed] (对……不感
到失望，而是感到高兴) with Obama's being elected as President.
5. The family are [filled with a sense of peace and satisfaction](充满了平静和满足),
knowing that their innocent son arrested yesterday is to be released soon.

8. Practice: writing
A. Write a summary of the text (max. 180 words), referring to the outline below.
Summary outline:
1. The doctor's examination of the patient;
2. The doctor's ignorance of the problems of the patient;
3. The doctor's various reactions to the patient's question about diet;
4. The doctor's insistence on cutting off parts of the patient and sending them to be analyzed;
5. A concluding statement that reflects the writer's attitude to the modern doctor's business.
Reference answer： The modern doctor's business is extremely simple. When the patient enters the
consulting room and tells the doctor the symptoms of his sufferings, the doctor examines the patient
by striking him blows in several parts of his body. In reality, the doctor hasn't the least idea what is
wrong with the patient, and all he can do is keep the patient submissive and force him to confess his
illness. When asked about the patient's diet, the doctor may respond differently, depending on how
he is feeling and whether it is long since he had a meal himself.
It is the work of the analytical laboratory that inspires the patient with proper confidence in the
modern treatment. Whatever illness the patient may suffer, the doctor will insist on snipping off all
the likely parts and send them to the analytical laboratory for tests. Despite the absurdity and our
knowledge of the modern medicine, however, we rush for a doctor as soon as we have a pain within
us.
B. Basic writing techniques: repeating key nouns to achieve coherence in a paragraph.
In addition to unity, coherence is an equally important element of a good paragraph. In order to
have coherence in writing, the movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth.
There must be no sudden jumps. Each sentence should flow smoothly into the next one.
There are several techniques to achieve coherence in a paragraph and repeating key nouns is one
of them.
As you may recall, we have come across a model paragraph entitled Gold. One of the techniques
employed to achieve coherence in this paragraph is repeating the key word gold. You will find the noun

gold has been repeated seven times. If the key noun was replaced by the pronoun it, the paragraph
would be much less coherent.
Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, it has a lustrous
beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental
purposes. It never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian
coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty- three centuries ago. Another
important characteristic is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in
hundreds of industrial applications. Its most recent use is in astronauts' suits. Astronauts wear heat
shields plated with it for protection outside the spaceship. In conclusion, it is treasured not only for its
beauty but also for its utility.
Now let us go on to do the following exercises to consolidate what you have learned about the role
of key nouns in paragraph coherence.
Exercise 1: In the following paragraph, the key noun is never repeated. Replace the pronoun it
with the key noun English wherever you think doing so would make the paragraph more coherent.
English
English has almost become an international language. Except for Chinese, more people speak it
than any other language. Spanish is the official language of more countries in the world, but more
countries have it as their official or unofficial second language. More than seventy percent of the
world's mail is written in it. In international business, it is used more than any other language, and it
is the language of airline pilots and air traffic controllers all over the world. Moreover, although French
used to be the language of diplomacy, it has displaced it throughout the world. Therefore, unless you
plan to spend your life alone on a desert island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, i is a useful language
to know.
Your answer：
Reference answer： English has almost become an international language. Except for Chinese, more
people speak English than any other language. Spanish is the official language of more countries in the
world, but more countries have English as their official or unofficial second language. More than
seventy percent of the world's mail is written in English. In international business, English is used
more than any other language, and it is the language of airline pilots and air traffic controllers all over
the world. Moreover, although French used to be the language of diplomacy, English has displaced it
throughout the world. Therefore, unless you plan to spend your life alone on a desert island in the
middle of the Pacific Ocean, English is a useful language to know.
Exercise 2: In the following passage about dolphins, replace some of the pronouns with
appropriate singular or plural nouns.
Dolphins
Interest in dolphins has increased in the past few years. They are interesting because they display
almost human-like behavior at times. For example, they help each other when they are in trouble. If

one is sick, it sends out a message. Others in the area swim to help it. They push it to the surface of
the water so it can breathe. They stay with it for days or weeks—until it recovers or dies. They have
also helped trapped or lost whales navigate their way safely out to the open sea. They are so intelligent
and helpful, in fact, that the US Navy is training them to become underwater bomb disposal experts.
Reference answer： Interest in dolphins has increased in the past few years. Dolphins are interesting
because they display almost human-like behavior at times. For example, they help each other when
they are in trouble. If one dolphin is sick, it sends out a message. Other dolphins in the area swim to
help it. They push the sick dolphin to the surface of the water so it can breathe. They stay with it for
days or weeks—until it recovers or dies. Dolphins have also helped trapped or lost whales navigate
their way safely out to the open sea. Dolphins are so intelligent and helpful, in fact, that the US Navy
is training them to become underwater bomb disposal experts.

9. Surfing the Internet
http:

Go to http: or
to obtain information about traditional Chinese medicine. On the basis of this, prepare an oral
presentation about a general introduction to traditional Chinese medicine to your classmates.
Reference answer： An Introduction to Traditional Chinese Medicine
With a history of 2,000 to 3,000 years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has formed a unique
system to diagnose and cure illness. The TCM approach is fundamentally different from that of
Western medicine. In TCM, the understanding of the human body is based on the holistic
understanding of the universe as described in Taoism, and the treatment for illness is based primarily
on the diagnosis and differentiation of syndromes.
The clinical diagnosis and treatment in TCM are mainly based on the yin-yang and five elements
theories. These theories apply the phenomena and laws of nature to the study of the physiological
activities and pathological changes of the human body and its interrelationships. The typical TCM
therapies include acupuncture, herbal medicine, and qigong exercises. With acupuncture, treatment
is accomplished by stimulating certain areas of the external body. Herbal medicine acts on zang-fu
(脏腑) organs internally, while qigong tries to restore the orderly information flow inside the network
through the regulation of qi (气). These therapies appear very different in approach yet they all share
the same underlying sets of assumptions and insights in the nature of the human body and its place
in the universe. Some scientists describe the treatment of diseases through herbal medication,
acupuncture, and qigong as an
Part 2 Language in Use
1. Dialogue
health problems and diet suggestions
While at work, Joyce Smith was informed that her husband was in hospital. She rushed to
the hospital, where the doctor talked to her about her husband's case.
Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks. Then read it aloud.

Joyce: Hello, are you Doctor Johnson?
乔伊斯：您好。您是约翰逊医生吗？

是的。您一定是史密斯夫人吧？
Doctor: Yes. You must be Mrs Smith? Your husband (1)
医 生：

[collapsed] at work. We're looking into it at the moment.
您丈夫在工作时晕倒了。我们正在做检查。

Joyce: Will he be OK?
Doctor: Well, I'm going to have to impose on him a new (2)
[health regime]. Preliminary tests indicate a risk of heart
disease. But I want to make it clear that this was not a (3)
[heart attack]. He did not exhibit regular heart attack (4)
[symptoms], but his condition warrants further
investigation.
Joyce: When will we know for sure?
Doctor: I should have the test results back within a few
days. But he should be well enough to go home today. He's
showing signs of continuously (5) [high blood pressure] as a
possible result of constant stress. He'll need to take the next
week or so off.
Joyce: So, what should I do?
乔伊斯：他没事吧？

医 生：哦，我得给他制定一套新的健康
规则。初步 诊断表明他有患心脏病的危险，但
是我想证明这并不是心脏病，因为他没有表现
出常规的心脏病 发作症状。但从他目前的身体
状况来看，还需要进一步检查才能确诊。

乔伊斯：那我们什么时候才能知道确切
结果？

医 生：化验结果几天内就 会送回。他没
什么大碍，今天就可以回家。可能是因为连续
处于压力之下，目前他的血压有持续 偏高的迹
象。他需要休息一周左右。

乔伊斯：那么，我该做些什么？

医 生：告诫他不要吃高脂肪食品，并拟
Doctor: Warn him off fatty foods, sketch out a (6) [dietary
regime] rich in green and red fruits and vegetables, and
定一个饮食计划，多吃绿色和红色的水果蔬
increase his water intake. No salt, no caffeine, no dairy, and
菜，多喝水，不吃盐，不喝咖啡，不吃乳制品，
only lean meat or chicken. And definitely no alcohol.
只吃瘦肉和鸡肉，而且绝对不能喝酒。

Joyce: Oh, my God! He'll never be able to (7) [do without]
乔伊斯：哦，天哪，他哪样也离不了。

any of those.
医 生：要么照我说的做，不然，几个月
Doctor: Well, it's either that or he'll be back here in worse
后他会因为身体状况恶化再回到这儿。这次他
condition within the next few months. He can't wriggle out of
不能逃避。他适应了新的饮食之后，还得戒烟。
it this time. And after he's (8) [adjusted to] his new diet, he
乔伊斯：好的，医生。我会告诉他这些
has to give up the cigarettes.
饮食规定，但我不确定他是否会放弃抽烟。

Joyce: OK, Doctor. I'll let him know about those foods, but I
don't know if he'll come round to giving up the smokes.
医 生：我怀疑他的动脉血管已经变窄
了，而这是高血压的常见病因。我已经给他开
Doctor: I suspect that his (9) [arteries have narrowed].
This is a common cause of high blood pressure. I've given
了一个处方。请严格按照处方上的说明去做，
him a prescription. Please follow the prescription exactly,
否则病情会恶化。

otherwise he could (10) [take a turn for the worse].
乔伊斯：好的，多谢您。

Joyce: OK. Thanks a lot.


New Words

preliminary
a. happening before a more important action or event
初步的，预备性的


warrant
vt. To make sth. Necessary or appropriate in a particular situation
使有必要，使正当

His illness doesn't warrant his staying home for a week.
他的病情没有严重到要在家呆一个星期的程度。

Nothing can warrant such severe punishment.
如此严厉的惩罚毫无依据。

n. 1) [C] an official written document, esp. allowing the police authority to do sth.
授权令，执行
令

They had a warrant to search the house.
他们有搜查这座房子的搜查证。

n. 2) [C] a document that gives you the right to receive money, services, etc.
凭单，许可证

He pointed out that from the warrant market, the turnover has been shrinking.
他指出，从权证市场
的表现来看，成交量有所萎缩。


constant
a. 1) happening all the time or repeatedly
连续发生的，不断的

a. 2) unchanging; fixed
不变的，固定的


intake
n. [sing.] the amount of food, drink, etc. that you take into your body
摄取量，吸入量


caffeine
n. [U]
咖啡因，咖啡碱


dairy
n. 1) [C]
奶制品，乳制品

n. 2) [C]
牛奶场；乳制品公司


lean
a. 1) (of meat) containing little or no fat
脂肪少的，无脂肪的

a. 2) (of people or animals) without much flesh; thin and fit
肉少的，瘦且健康的

a. 3) producing or having little value
贫乏的，难以赚钱的


definitely
ad. Without doubt (used for emphasis)
一定地，肯定（用于强调）


wriggle
. 1) to move somewhere by twisting and turning your body or part of it
蠕动，蜿蜒行进

He wriggled through the hole.
他扭动着钻过洞去。

He had to wriggle his way out of the crowd.
他扭来扭去，好不容易才从人群中钻出去。

. 2) to twist and turn your body or part of it with quick short movements
扭动身子，扭来扭
去

Small children wriggle in their seats when they are bored.
小孩子感到厌烦时，就会在座位上扭来扭去。
The thieves left her tied up with rope but she wriggled free.
窃贼用绳子把她捆起来留在那儿，但她扭动
着身子挣脱开了。


prescription
n. 1) [C] (a written order describing) a particular medicine or treatment ordered by a doctor
处
方，药方
The doctor is writing a prescription.
医生正在开处方。

Will you fill this prescription, please?
请按这个处方给我拿药好吗？

n. 2) [U] the act of prescribing
开处方，开药

The prescription of drugs is a doctor's responsibility.
开药是医生的职责。

n. 3) [C] a plan or a suggestion for making sth. Happen or for improving it
计划，建议

Rather than prescription, there would be guidance.
与其规定，不如引导。

regime
n. 1) [C] a set of rules about food and exercise or medical treatment that you follow in order to stay
healthy or to improve your health
养生法，养生之道

n. 2) [C]
政权，政体


dietary
a.
饮食方面的


adjust
. 1) to get used to a new situation by changing the way you behave andor think
适应，习
惯

. 2) to change slightly, esp. in order to set right or make suitable for a particular job or new
conditions
调整；校准


artery
n. 1) [C] any of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body
动脉

n. 2) [C] a large and important road, railroad, river, etc.
干线


Phrases and Expressions
take off
to have a period of time as a break from work
休假，休息

I'm taking off three days during May.
五月份我要休三天假。

I've decided to take a few days off next week.
我已经决定下星期休息几天。


sketch out
to create a rough idea or image of sth.; to give a general description of sth.
草拟；概略地叙述

They have sketched out proposals for a new road.
他们草拟了几项关于开辟一条新路的计划。


wriggle out of sth
to avoid doing sth. that you should do, esp. by thinking of clever excuses
耍滑不做，逃避
(
应做的事
)
He wriggled out of the difficulty.
他千方百计地摆脱了困境。

She managed to wriggle out of answering all the questions.
她支吾其词，什么问题都没有回答。


adjust oneselfsth. to

使适应于
……


high blood pressure

高血压


take a turn for the worsebetter
情况恶化

情况好转

The experts predict that the stock market will take a turn for the better this year.
业内人士估计，股
票市场今年会有所好转。

Notes to the Dialogue
1. He did not exhibit regular heart attack symptoms, but his condition warrants further investigation.
他没有表 现出常规的心脏病发作症状，但从他目前的身体状况来看，还需要进一步检查才能确
诊。
Meaning: Although he didn’t show common heart attack symptoms, still he needed to have some
more medical examinations to find out the cause for his collapse.
Note that exhibit here means “to show clearly that you have or feel a particular feeling, quality or
ability表现，显示”.
e.g. The baby exhibited pleasure by smiling.
warrant: vt. 使有必要，使正当
e.g. His illness doesn’t warrant his staying home for a week.
n. 1) [C] 授权令，执行令
e.g. They had a warrant to search the house.
2) [C] 凭单，许可证
e.g. He pointed out that from the warrant market, the turnover has been shrinking.
2. He’ll need to take the next week or so off. 他需要休息一周左右。
Meaning: He’ll have to have a break for about a week.
take off: 休假，休息
e.g. I’m taking off three days during May.
Note off is used as an adverb, meaning “away from work or duty (下班，休息)”.
e.g. She’s off today.
or so: 大约；或许
e.g. I withdrew after a year or so without taking a degree.
3. Warn him off fatty foods, sketch out a dietary regime rich in green and red fruits and vegetables, and
increase his water intake. 告诫他不要吃高脂肪食品，并拟定一个饮食计划，多吃绿色和红色的
水果蔬菜，多喝水。
Note that off in the sentence is used as a preposition, meaning “not wanting or liking sth. That you
usually eat or use (不想，戒除)”.
e.g. I’m off alcohol for a week.
sketch out: 草拟；概略地叙述
e.g. They have sketched out proposals for a new road.
4. He’ll never be able to do without any of those. 他哪样也离不了。
do without: 没有……也可以，没有……而设法对付过去
e.g. The boss can’t do without the service of a secretary.
We shall have to do without holiday this summer.
5. Well, it’s either that or he’ll be back here in worse condition within the next few months. 要么照我
说的做，不然，几个月后他会因为身体状况恶化再回到这儿。
Meaning: He must follow my advice; otherwise he will be sent back to hospital with his illness
worsened.
6. He can’t wriggle out of it this time. 这次他不能逃避。
wriggle: . 1) 蠕动，蜿蜒行进
e.g. He wriggled through the hole.
2) 扭动身子，扭来扭去

e.g. Small children wriggle in their seats when they are bored.
wriggle out of sth.: 耍滑不做，逃避(应做的事)
e.g. He wriggled out of the difficulty.
7. I’ve given him a prescription. Please follow the prescription exactly, otherwise he could take a turn
for the worse. 我已经给他开了一个处方。请严格按照处方上的说明去做，否则病情会恶化。
prescription: n. 1) [C] 处方，药方
e.g. The doctor is writing a prescription.
2) [U] 开处方，开药
e.g. The prescription of drugs is a doctor’s responsibility.
3) [C] 计划，建议
e.g. Rather than prescription, there would be guidance.
take a turn for the worsebetter: 情况恶化情况好转
e.g. The experts predict that the stock market will take a turn for the better this year.


2. Pair work
2. Pair work: the personal fitness instructor's diet suggestions
John is talking to his personal fitness instructor, Mary, about his health problems. Work with a partner
to put the following dialogue in the correct order.
The correct order is:C, I, (B), (H), (D), (F), (E), (G), (A)

A John OK, thank you. I'm proud of having a personal fitness instructor like you!
So, what are you suggesting? Should I just abandon the idea? I'm not that out of
B John
shape.
Our company is organizing a basketball team and I'm thinking about joining. What
C John
do you think? I was the star player in high school.
D
E
John
John
Well, OK, but…
Yeah, you're probably right.
And you need to watch your diet and I also warn you off fatty foods, like ice cream.
F Mary
And I should also sketch out a regime rich in fresh fruits and vegetables.
And you should adjust yourself to weight training to strengthen your muscles. And
G Mary you need to go to bed early instead of watching TV half the night. Please follow my
prescription.
H Mary
Well… you ought to at least have a physical checkup before you begin.
Yeah, in the past. Look, tests indicate a risk of heart disease. I just don’t want you
I Mary to have a heart attack running up and down the court. You could take a turn for the
worse.

3. Text
Remote Diagnosis for Sick Babies
Read the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
(F) 1. All unborn babies are the patients in the telemedicine suite.
(F) 2. The video-conferencing in the suite is worth￡3,000.
(F) 3. The telemedicine suite could be used to diagnose more than 100 kinds of
diseases a year.
(T) 4. Dr. Andrew Tometzki is a heart disease expert.
(F) 5. All the specialists in the country can make use of the suite.
(T) 6. The telemedicine suite cannot deal with all remote diagnosis.
(T) 7. Throughout the scan, the parents of sick infants at home can talk to the doctors.
(T) 8. With the help of local charities, more and more centers are setting up links with
the new unit.

Remote Diagnosis for Sick Babies

对患儿的远程诊断

1 A new unit that allows doctors to give a remote
diagnosis of heart defects in unborn babies
hundreds of miles away has opened in Bristol. The
unit will help cut down on stress for the patient
and family.
2 The telemedicine suite at Bristol Children's
Hospital works using ISDN phoneline technology.
Specialist consultants in one hospital will be able
to immediately diagnose unborn babies or
critically ill children born in a different hospital.
The suite includes £30,000 of new equipment
including video- conferencing.
3 This is the first time in the region that
telemedicine has been used for real time remote
diagnosis of congenital heart disease and could be
used to diagnose more than 100 cases a year.
4 The suite has been designed by Dr. Andrew
Tometzki, consultant paediatric and fetal
cardiologist, for use by all specialists within Bristol
Children's Hospital.
5 baby born with a suspected heart defect
would normally have to be transferred to Bristol
by ambulance, which is time-consuming and very
stressful for the patient and family, let alone the
expense of critical care ambulances,
1 在布里斯托尔新开了一个科室，该 科
室的医生能在数百英里之外对患有心脏
缺陷疾病的未出生婴儿进行远程诊断，这
将有 助于减轻病婴及家属的压力。
2 在布里斯托尔儿科医院，远程医
学设备是利用综 合服务数字网络电话技
术进行操作的。该医院的专家顾问医师将
能够对其他医院的未出生婴儿或 重病儿
童给予即时诊断。该组设备包括含有视频
会诊仪器在内的价值三万英镑的新器材。
3 在该地区利用远程医疗对先天
性心脏病进行实时远程诊断尚属首次，以
后每年可诊断上百个病例。
4 该组设备由儿科兼胎儿心脏病
高级顾问医师安德鲁 ·汤姆斯基博士设
计，供布里斯托尔儿科医院的所有专家使
用。
5 他说 ：“被怀疑患有心脏缺陷的婴
儿通常都会由救护车转到布里斯托尔医
院，这对患儿及家属来说既 浪费时间，压
力又非常大，更别说急诊救护车的费用
了。”
6 “该组设 备能在紧急时刻帮助重
症特护转运部门对患儿进行远程诊断，有
时甚至还能完全避免进行风险甚 大的转

6 aiding the
intensive care retrieval team taking care of the
child at a critical time, though in some cases
hazardous transfer can be avoided altogether.
7 Bristol doctors have also been able to diagnose
and advise on the management of cardiac
abnormalities of sick infants and children in Truro
prior to them being transferred to Bristol by the
regional Paediatric Intensive Care Retrieval
Service based at Bristol Children's Hospital.
8 can now carry out a scan here in Truro
whilst Dr. Tometzki watches this live in Bristol,
said Mr. Dominic Byrne, consultant fetal medicine
specialist at Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust.
9
can then talk direct to the parents and use
drawings or weblinks to clarify explanations.
10 Aided by local charities, other centers are in
the process of setting up links with the unit.
11 The suite has also become a resource for
seminars
being broadcast from Bristol to paediatric centers
around the country.

运。”
7 在特鲁罗心脏异常的婴孩和儿
童，由总部设在布里斯托尔儿科 医院的当
地儿科重症特护转运部门转到布里斯托
尔，而在转移前，布里斯托尔医生还能对
这些患儿进行远程诊断，并就其治疗提供
建议。
8 皇家康沃尔医院联合机构的 胎
儿医疗高级顾问医师多米尼克·伯恩先生
说：“现在我们可以在特鲁罗进行扫描，
而 远在布里斯托尔的汤姆斯基博士能实
时观看扫描。”
9 “在整个扫描过程中，我 可以跟他
交谈，他也能直接和患儿父母进行交流，
并用图画或网络链接等方式向他们提供
清晰的解释。”
10 目前，在当地慈善机构帮助下，
其他一些中心也正着手与这一部门建立
联系。
11 随着培训讲座和研讨会从布里
斯托尔传播到国内其他儿科中心，该组设
备也逐渐成为一种 “网络教学”资源。

New Words
defect
n. [C] a fault in sth. or in the way it has been made which means that it is not perfect
缺陷，缺
点，毛病


telemedicine
n. [U]
远程医疗，远距离会诊


critically
ad.
严重地；吹毛求疵地


congenital
a. (of a disease or medical condition) existing since or before birth
先天的，天生的


paediatric
a.
儿科的


fetal
a.
胎儿的；胎的

cardiologist
n. [C] a doctor who studies and treats heart diseases
心脏病医生；心脏病学家


transfer
. 1) to move . from one place to another
（使）转移，搬迁

The patient was transferred to another hospital.
患者被转到了另一家医院。

The head office has been transferred from Beijing to Hong Kong.
总部已从北京迁到了香港。

. 2) to make over the possession of (property, a right or a responsibility) to someone else
转
让（财产，权利），移交（责任）

He transferred the property to his son.
他把财产转让给了儿子。

. 3) to move from one job, school, situation, etc. to another
调动，转职，转学

He was soon transferred to another post.
他很快就被调职了。


time-consuming
a.

taking or needing a lot of time
耗时间的，费时的

b.

This is a time-consuming job.
这份工作很耗时间。


aid
vt. to give support to; to help
援助，帮助

More and more people aid the poor students to finish their schooling.
越来越多的人开始帮助贫困学生
完成学业。

I aided him with money.
我资助了他。

n. [U] support; help
援助，帮助

The local people went to the aid of the wounded man.
当地人都去帮助那位伤者。


intensive
a.
彻底的，十分细致的；密集的


retrieval
n. 1) [U] the process of getting sth. back, esp. from a place where it should not be
取回，索回
The ship was buried, beyond retrieval, at the bottom of the sea.
船已葬身海底，无法打捞。

n. 2) [U] the process of getting back information that is stored on a computer
数据检索

Dr. Li is a specialist in information retrieval.
李博士是位信息检索专家。


hazardous
a. involving risk or danger esp. to sb.'s health or safety
危险的；有害的


cardiac
a. connected with the heart or heart disease
心脏的；心脏病的


abnormality
n. [C, U] a feature or characteristic in a person's body or behaviour that is not usual and may be
harmful, worrying or cause illness
（身体、行为等）不正常，反常，变态，畸形

abnormalities of the heart
心脏异常
fetal abnormality
胎儿畸形

infant
n. [C] a baby or a very young child
婴儿，幼儿

a. 1)
供婴幼儿用的

a. 2) new and not yet developed
初期的


scan
n. 1) [C]
扫描检查
I advise you have a brain scan.
我建议你做个脑部扫描检查。

n. 2) [sing.]
浏览，快速阅读
a quick scan of the newspaper
对报纸的快速浏览

vt. 1) to examine closely, esp. in search
细看，审视

The radar scanned the sky for enemy planes.
雷达扫掠天空，搜索敌机。

vt. 2) to look but not very carefully at a document, etc.
浏览，粗看

He scanned the morning papers while eating breakfast.
他边吃早饭边浏览早报。

I scanned a magazine while waiting at the doctor's office.
在诊所候诊的时候，我翻看了一本杂志。


whilst
conj. at the same time as sth. else is happening
与
……
同时


clarify
vt. to make sth. clearer or easier to understand
使更清晰易懂，阐明；澄清

When will the government clarify its position on equal pay for women?
政府何时会表明它在妇女同工同酬问题上的立场？


seminar
n. [C] a meeting for discussion or training
研习讨论会，培训会

Professor White's seminar was cancelled.
怀特教授的讨论会被取消了。


Phrases and Expressions
cut down on sth.
to reduce the size, amount or number of sth.
削减，缩小（尺寸，数量或数目）

His father is trying to cut down on cigarettes and beer.
他父亲开始尝试着少吸烟、少喝酒。

I don't think it's your duty to cut down on expenses.
我认为您没有义务减少开支。


let alone
not to mention; even less
更不用说，更别提

The baby can't even walk, let alone run.
这婴儿连走都不会，更不用说跑了。


intensive care

特别护理，重症监护


carry out
；实施，履行，落实
to do and complete a task
完成（任务）
Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient.
已对患者进行了全面检查。

carry out a new policy
实行一项新政策

Proper Nouns
Bristol
布里斯托尔（英国西南部城市）

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
Andrew Tometzki
安德鲁·汤姆斯基

Truro
特鲁罗（地名）

Dominic Byrne
多米尼克·伯恩


综合服务数字网络
Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust
（英国）皇家康沃尔医院托拉斯

Notes to Paras. 1-2
1. The unit will help cut down on stress for the patient and family. 该组设备将有助于减轻病婴及家
属的压力。
cut down on sth.: 削减，缩小（尺寸，数量或数目）
e.g. His father is trying to cut down on cigarettes and beer.
I don’t think it’s your duty to cut down on expenses.
2. The telemedicine suite at Bristol Children’s Hospital works using ISDN phoneline technology. 在布
里斯托尔儿科医院，远程医学设备是利用综合服务数字网络电话技术进行操作的。
“Tele-” means “over a long distance, far (远距离的，远的)” or “connected with television (电视的)”
or “done using a telephone (通过电话的)”.
e.g. telecommunications电信，电讯 telescope望远镜 telegram 电报
telegraph电报（方式） telemarketing 电话推销
teleprinter电传打印机 telesales 电话销售

Notes to Paras. 4-6
3. “A baby born with a suspected heart defect would normally have to be transferred to Bristol by
ambulance, which is time-consuming and very stressful for the patient and family, let alone the
expense of critical care ambulances,” he said. 他说：“被怀疑患有心脏缺陷的婴儿通常都会由救护
车转到布里斯托尔医院，这对患儿及家 属来说既浪费时间，压力又非常大，更别说急诊救护车
的费用了。”
transfer: . 1)（使）转移，搬迁
e.g. The patient was transferred to another hospital.
2) 转让（财产，权利），移交（责任）
e.g. He transferred the property to his son.
3) 调动，转职，转学
e.g. He was soon transferred to another post.
time-consuming:

a.

耗时间的，费时的
e.g. This is a time- consuming job.
let alone: 更不用说，更别提
e.g. The baby can’t even walk, let alone run.
4. This facility allows remote diagnosis aiding the intensive care retrieval team taking care of the child
at a critical time… 该组设备能在紧急时刻帮助重症特护转运部门对患儿进行远程诊断……
aid: vt. 援助，帮助

e.g. More and more people aid the poor students to finish their schooling.
n. [U] 援助，帮助
e.g. The local people went to the aid of the wounded man.
retrieval: n. 1) [U] 取回，索回
e.g. The ship was buried, beyond retrieval, at the bottom of the sea.
2) [U] 数据检索
e.g. Dr. Li is a specialist in information retrieval.
at a critical time: 在紧急时刻
e.g. an event that occurs at a critical time
We are at a critical time in our history.

Notes to Paras. 7-9
5. Bristol doctors have also been able to diagnose and advise on the management of cardiac
abnormalities of sick infants and children in Truro prior to them being transferred to Bristol by the
regional Paediatric Intensive Care Retrieval Service based at Bristol Children’s Hospital. 在特鲁罗
心脏异常的婴孩和儿童，由总部设在布里斯托尔儿科医院的当地儿科重症 特护转运部门转到布
里斯托尔，而在转移前，布里斯托尔医生还能对这些患儿进行远程诊断，并就其治疗 提供建议。
abnormality: n. [C, U]（身体、行为等）不正常，反常，变态，畸形
e.g. abnormalities of the heart fetal abnormality
6. “We can now carry out a scan here in Truro whilst Dr. Tometzki watches this live in Bristol,” said
Mr. Dominic Byrne, consultant fetal medicine specialist at Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust. 皇家康< br>沃尔医院联合机构的胎儿医疗高级顾问医师多米尼克·伯恩先生说：“现在我们可以在特鲁罗
进行 扫描，而远在布里斯托尔的汤姆斯基博士能实时观看扫描。”
carry out: 完成（任务）；实施，履行，落实
e.g. Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient.
scan: n. 1) [C] 扫描检查
e.g. I advise you have a brain scan.
2) [sing.] 浏览，快速阅读
e.g. a quick scan of the newspaper
vt. 1) 细看，审视
e.g. The radar scanned the sky for enemy planes.
2) 浏览，粗看
e.g. He scanned the morning papers while eating breakfast.
7. I can talk to him throughout the scan and he can then talk direct to the parents and use drawings or
weblinks to clarify explanations. 在整个扫描过程中，我可以 跟他交谈，他也能直接和患儿父母
进行交流，并用图画或网络链接等方式向他们提供清晰的解释。
clarify: vt. 使更清晰易懂，阐明；澄清
e.g. When will the government clarify its position on equal pay for women?

Note to Para. 11
8. The suite has also become a resource for “E-learning”, with training lectures and seminars being

broadcast from Bristol to paediatric centers around the country. 随着培训讲座和研讨会从布里斯托
尔传播 到国内其他儿科中心，该组设备也逐渐成为一种“网络教学”资源。
seminar: n. [C] 研习讨论会，培训会
e.g. Professor White’s seminar was cancelled.

4. Working with words
Look at the following pictures. Match them (A-F) with the items (1-6).
(E)1. video-conferencing
(F)4. remote diagnosis
(C)2. intensive care
(D)5. ambulance
(A)3. scan
(B)6. paediatric doctor


A B C



D E F

5. Research project
IssueEventContext:
As more and more students respond positively to medical wonders, they are interested in knowing
more about this field. World AIDS Day is coming, and you are one of the members of the Students'
Union. You are to organize a campaign on campus to improve your schoolmates' understanding of
AIDS so that they may show more care and love to the AIDS patients.
Research Goal:
To organize a
Research Group:
In groups of 4 to 6.
Research Method & Route:
Search the Internet for information on AIDS (its definition, infection, prevention, etc.).

Research Resources:
Internet: http:,
http:,
http:iAIDS.
Result:
Work out a presentation to introduce the campaign.

Reference answer： Advocacy of Love of AIDS Patients
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
By killing or damaging cells of the body's immune system, HIV progressively destroys the body's
ability to fight infections and certain cancers.
And what is HIV? HIV is a virus, like the flu or cold.
HIV enters the body through open cuts, sores, or breaks in the skin, or through direct injection.
There are several ways by which this can happen:
·sexual contact with an infected person;
·sharing needles, syringes or other injection equipment with someone who is infected;
·mother-to-child transmission;
·transmission in health care settings;
·transmission via donated blood or blood clotting factors.
In Africa and parts of Asia, mainly because of a lack of proper health care, prevention and education,
young people suffer AIDS the most. The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients have to
suffer from. They also have to deal with people's fear of the disease. The best way to show that you
care about AIDS patients is to give an AIDS patient a hug.
Action
The Students' Union is going to organize a
meeting will be held at 7:00 p.m. on Friday in our Student's Recreation Centre. A large number of
AIDS-related books, pictures and newspaper clippings are to be handed around. There will also be an
AIDS knowledge contest and a question and answer session. It's for sure that you will learn much
from this activity. All the students and teachers are welcome. Thank you!

6. Listening-based writing
Listen twice to a health report, Something a Bone Will Never Say: Give Me a Break, and write a
summary, referring to the following hints.
Tapescript:
Something a Bone Will Never Say: Give Me a Break
The medical term for a broken bone is a fracture. But there are different kinds of fractures.
A single fracture is when a bone is broken in just one place, which is known as a hairline fracture,
a very small fracture like the width of a hair.
When a bone is broken in more than two places or gets crushed, the name for it is a comminuted
fracture.
Still another condition is called a bowing fracture. This happens with a bone that bends but does
not break. It happens mostly in children.
When a bone is bent and breaks along only one side, like a young stick of wood, it is a greenstick

fracture.
Another kind of break is an open or compound fracture. This is when the bone breaks the skin.
This is very serious. Along with the bone damage there is a risk of infection in the open wound.
Broken bones should be treated quickly because they can restrict blood flow or cause nerve
damage.
X-rays are taken to see the break. Treatment depends on the kind of fracture that is identified.
A doctor sets a broken bone to make sure it is in the correct position. Severe breaks may require
an operation to hold the bone together with metal plates and screws.
Then, a hard cast may be put around the area of the break to hold the bone in place while it heals.
In some cases, instead of a cast, a splint made of plastic or metal will be secured over the area to
restrict movement.
Bones need calcium and vitamin D to grow and reach their full strength. Keeping bones strong with
exercise may also help prevent fractures, especially if you wear the right sports protection during
activities.

1. Kinds of bone fractures;
2. Treatments for bone fractures;
3. Suggestions for preventing bone fractures.
Reference answer： This passage tells people about different kinds of fractures: a single fracture or
a hairline fracture, a comminuted fracture, a bowing fracture, a greenstick fracture and an open or
compound fracture. Broken bones should be treated quickly because they can restrict blood flow or
cause nerve damage. An operation, a hard cast or a splint made of plastic or metal may be used to
treat broken bones. To prevent fractures, people should keep their bones strong by taking enough
calcium and vitamin D and doing regular exercise wearing the right sports protection.

Part 3 Enhancement of Language Abilities
1. Translation skills
Put the following sentences into Chinese.
1. A big nation has its problems; and a small nation has its advantages.
大国有大国的问题，小国有小国的优势。
2. Modesty helps one to go forward whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
3. He put his hands in his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
他把手插进口袋里，耸了耸肩。
4. It is impossible to master a foreign language in a few months.
几个月掌握一门外语是不可能的。
5. One hundred thousand citizens of Hiroshima in Japan were killed by the world's first atomic bomb.
日本广岛有十万市民死于世界上第一颗原子弹爆炸。
Deletion (of words)
减词法
减词法最根本的原则是“减词不减意”，在不改变原文意思的前提下， 省略一些译文中可有可无的词。和

英语相比，汉语的句子往往要简练得多，通常只要意思 明确，能省则省，能略则略。
1) 省略冠词
冠词是英语中特有的一种词性，汉语中没有冠词。尽管英语中的冠词只有“a, an, the”三个 ，但用途极
广，用法复杂。在英译汉时，应当注意区分冠词是起语法作用，还是表达某种实际的意义。对 于仅起语法
作用而没有实际意义的冠词，在翻译过程中应当省略不译。
Ateacher should have patience.
教师应当有耐心。
Theearth is larger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.
地球比月亮大，但是比太阳小。
Acamel is much inferior to an elephant in strength.
骆驼在力量方面远不及大象。
2) 省略介词
大量使用介词是英语的一个显著特点。相对于英语来说汉语中的介词要少得多，使用频率也低 得多。
因此在英译汉时，英语介词往往要转换为其他词性或省略不译，尤其是表示时间和地点的介词。例 如：
Columbus arrived in America in the 15th century.
哥伦布15世纪到达美洲。
There is a temple at the top of the mountain.
山顶上有一座寺庙。
Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling.
大多数物质热胀冷缩。
3) 省略代词
英语中大量使用代词以 求得句式的严谨，而汉语中则要避免使用过多的代词。因此，在英译汉过程中
经常需要省略一些代词，包 括人称代词、物主代词、作宾语的反身代词以及用在强调句等特殊句型中的代
词“it”等。例如:
He whomade the mistake should have the courage to admit it.
犯了错误要有勇气承认。
How do atoms arrange themselves in a solid?
原子在固体中是怎样排列的？
Itwas in this mountain that this rare kind of plant was found.
正是在这座山上发现了这种珍稀植物。
4) 省略连接词
英语句子注重形合，句子内部的逻辑关系主要靠连接词来体现；而汉语句子注重的是意合， 句子内部
的逻辑关系是暗含的，往往不用连接词。例如:
Ifwinter comes, can spring be far behind?
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
He is thin and haggard and looks miserable.
他又瘦又憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。

Whenthe train stopped he stood up gloomily, for he thought of his sick mother.
火车停了下来，他忧郁地站了起来，想起了自己生病的母亲。 < br>总之，在翻译过程中，可以根据实际需要适当地增加或省略一些词，以达到忠实原文以及符合译文表
达习惯的目的。但此时一定要注意把握最基本的原则，即在不改变原文意思的前提下才能够增减，绝不能
随意增删、篡改原文的意思。

2. Pleasant surprises in language
Understanding MAN by using PLANT concepts
用植物概念来理解和描述人（二）

植物有生机盎然的时候，也有 凋零枯萎的时候。既然我们可以将人理解为植物，植物的凋零和枯萎也可用在
对人的理解和描述上。wilt
指植物因缺水而变蔫，或正在凋零死去，喻指人因遇到烦心事或受到不礼貌的对
待 而
“
精神不振
”
、
“
身体虚弱
”
、
“
失去信心
”
；
wither
表示植物的
“
干枯
”
、
“
枯萎
”
，用于人时表示
“
变得形容 枯
槁
”
。

He visibly wilted under pressure.
由于压力，他明显变憔悴了。

The spectators were wilting visibly in the hot sun.
观众在炎炎烈日下眼见快撑不住了。

Old age withered her face.
年迈使她面容枯槁。

野生植物因为没有人照料而长势不好，又因为不是 人工培育的，也就具有了许多人类不需要的东西。
cultivate
是动词，表示
“
栽培
”
、
“
种植
”
，其形容词形式
cul tivated
喻指人的举止行为
“
有教养的
”
、
“
有修养的
”
、
“
谈吐
文雅的
”
。

She was as well-educated and cultivated as she was beautiful.
她不仅长得漂亮，而且受过良好的教育，很有修养。

A wealthy and cultivated lady is hosting a dinner at the Jockey Restaurant.
一位富有而有教养的女士正在骑士餐厅主持晚宴。

植物的根（
root）用来表示与出生地或原籍相关联的情感或联系；
rootless
喻指某人
“< br>四处漂泊，没有归宿
”
；
put down roots
原义是植物生 根、扎根，喻指人
“
在一个地方定居下来
”
；
root for sb.
意思是在体育比赛
或遭遇困难时给某人加油助威。

I'm proud of my Italian roots.
我为自己的意大利血统感到骄傲。

She had had a rootless childhood moving from town to town.
她小时候居无定所，四处流浪。

After ten years traveling the world, she felt it was time to put down roots somewhere.
在世界各地游历十年之后，她感到是时候找个地方定居了。

We are rooting for the Bulls.
我们在为公牛队加油。

< br>在所有的植物之中，
“
草
”
的地位被认为是比较低的，因此，
“
草根（
grass roots
）
”
用来表示
“
乡村民众
”
、
“
基
层群众
”
、
“
选区选民
”
、
“
政党等组织中的普通成员
”
。

It was a grass-roots campaign.
这是一场草根阶层发起的运动。

There is another battle which is going on at grass-roots level.
另一场战斗正在基层展开。

bud
是植物的
“
嫩芽
”
，喻指
“
不成熟或未发育完全的
”
；在美国俗语中，它用来打招 呼，相当于
“
老兄
”
、
“
老弟
”
。

打苞
”
，形容词形式
budding
可以表示某人刚开始发展或 崭露头角，如
a budding bud
用作动词时表示
“
发芽，
artist
是
“
艺术界新秀
”
，
a budding writer
是
“
文坛新秀
”
。

Listen, bud, I don't like guys who answer me back.
听着，老弟，我不喜欢跟我顶嘴的人。

美丽的花朵（
flower
）喻指
“
最美的人
”
或
“
人一生中最美的时光
”< br>。作动词表示
“
（树）
`
作名词时表示
“
盛开的花< br>”
，
开花
”
、
“
（花）开放
”
；该 词作动词时还喻指
“
绽放光彩
”
、
“
展露才华
”< br>、
“
进入最佳状态
”
、
“
变得更加健康
”< br>。

I am no longer in the full flower of youth.
我已不再青春年少。

Her majesty invited the flower of the nobility.
女王陛下邀请了贵族里的精英。

She had blossomed into a real beauty.
她已出落成一个大美人了。

Harold suddenly blossomed at university.
哈罗德突然在大学期间展露出了才华。

She has visibly blossomed over the last few months.
她近几个月身体明显好多了。

Harrison started to blossom as a songwriter.
作为词曲作家，哈里森开始进入最佳状态。

Choose the word or phrase that best expresses the meaning of the italicized word or
phrase in the following sentences.
1. He is withering away.
(D)
A. going further and further
B. shrinking and drying up
C. wrinkled and dry
D. becoming weaker and weaker
2. Our friends were all rooting for us.
(A)
A. giving support to
B. offering help to
C. searching patiently for
D. waiting quietly for

3. Greta is very much enjoying having the baby. She is blooming.
(B)
A. recovering
B. becoming healthy and energetic
C. satisfied
D. becoming plump
4. They will run a workshop for buddingauthors on how to make, write, and illustrate
their own books.
(B)
A. ambitious but inexperienced
B. beginning to develop and be successful
C. green and inexperienced
D. successful but inexperienced
5. We must insist our policemen go back to grass roots to restore our faith in them.
A. basic regulations
B. causes of troubles
C. ordinary people
D. fundamental rules


(C)