高一英语语法(2-3)：动词的时态之一般将来时、过去将来时和将来完成时
足球史话-保护动物的公益广告
高一英语语法（2-3）：动词的时态之
一般将来时、过去将来时、将来完成时
一、一般将来时（will work）：一般将来时的5种表达方式。
1. “shall
will + V原”是将来时的最普通的表达方式，表示从现在来看以后要
发生的动作或存在的状态，
指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。如：We __________
(go) to ask Miss
Chen for help. （shall和will表达一般将来时有何区别？）
2. “am
is are going to + V原”多用于口语中，表示“打算或计划要做某事”。
此外，
还可以表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，对未来进行推断。如：
They __________
(meet) outside the school gate.（打算或计划要做某事）
Look at the cloud. It
__________(rain).（根据已有的迹象，对未来进行推断）
3. “am is
are about to +
V原”表示“即将„„”，它不与表示时间的副词或
时间状语连用。如：The English
evening __________ (start).
4. “am is are to
+ V原”表示“按计划、安排即将发生的动作”，还可以表示
“吩咐、命令、禁止”等，与表示时间的
副词或时间状语连用。如：
There __________ (is to be, is
about to be) a slide show this afternoon.
You
__________ (hand) your papers by 10 o’clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。（命
令）
5. “am is are due to
+V原”表示“按计划或时间表将要发生某事”。如：
The talk __________
(last) for five days. 会谈（按计划）将持续5天。
The race
__________ (start) in ten minutes.
（按时间表）还有10分钟比赛就该
开始了。
6. 现在进行时有时与某些表示瞬间动作的动
词连用，可表示按计划、安排将要
发生的动作。常见动词有go, come, start,
leave, stay, return, arrive, begin,
take,
meet等。如：She __________ (leave) early tomorrow
morning.
7. 既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表的，通常用一般现在时表<
br>示将来动作。常见动词有be, begin, come, go, leave, stop,
end, arrive, open,
stay, return等。如：The train
__________ (leave) at eight tomorrow from this
station.
1
8.
在时间或条件状语从句及even if, in
case等引导的状语从句中，用现在时表
示将来。“主将从现”如：He __________
(call) me as soon as he __________
(arrive)
here.
二、过去将来时（would work）
1.
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语
从句或间接引语。如：He
said that he __________ (wait) for me at the gate.
他
说他将在大门口等我。
2.
过去将来时的其他表达方式与一般将来时一样，只是有关动词要改为过去式，
即①was were
going to + V原, ②was were about to + V原, ③was
were
to + V原, ④was were due to +V原。如：You
__________ going to give me
your address but
you didn’t.
三、将来完成时（will have worked）
1.
将来完成时是由“will shall + have +
done”构成，表示到将来某个时候为止，
某件事已经完成了，常与by,
before构成的短语或引导的状语从句连用。如：
The snow __________
(disappear) before the end of March.
2.
表示到将来某一时刻持续多久的动作或状态，常与for引导的时间状语连用。
如：I
__________ (be) here for seven years by next
February.
四、be going to与will shall的用法比较
1. be going to 指当前已计划过或思考过的意图和打算，will
shall表示事先未
思考或计划过的意图。如：
I __________ (see)
him. 我打算明天去看他。（计划过的打算）
I __________ (anwer)
the door. 我去开门。（未计划过的意图）
2. be going
to可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生的事，而will则表明说话者的观
点、主观意识。如：
Look at the clouds. There __________ (be) a
storm. （客观迹象表明）
I hope it __________ (be) warm
tomorrow. （主观意识）
3. will
shall还可作情态动词，表示感情色彩。（详见情态动词）如：__________
you
__________ (come) this way, please? 请你走这边好吗？
2
五、表示过去将来时的其他情况
1. was
were going to do可表示过去的打算，也可表示没有实现的动作。如：
We
__________ (have) a sports meeting last week, but
it rained. （“举行运动会”
是未曾实现的过去的计划。）
2. was
were to do既可指过去的计划，也可表示“后来的结果，注定”的含义。
如：The
conference on SARS __________ (be, hold) the next
week.
3. was were about to
do表示过去某时看来即将要发生的事。如：I __________
(turn) on the
power of the computer when the electricity was cut
off. 我正要打开
电脑电源，这时停电了。
* when的搭配
am is
are about to do sth. when…正要„„，这时（突然）„„
was
were about to do sth. when sb. + did
am is
are doing sth. when sb. + do does正在„„，这时（突然）„„
was were doing sth. when sb. + did
had
done sth. when sb. + did刚做完„„，这时（突然）„„
4. was
were doing表示按计划安排过去将要发生的动作。如：Mr. Green
__________ (leave) for Hawaii a few hours
later.
六、将来完成时的特殊情况
1. 在时间或条件状语从句中，可以用现在完成
时来表示将来完成的意义，也就
是用现在完成时代替将来完成时。如：
Don’t get
off until the bus __________ (stop).
车位停稳，请勿下车。（两种填法，
注意两种填法的区别）
If she
__________ (not, go) to bed when you see her, tell
her to give me a ring.
如果你见到她时她还没有睡觉的话，让她给我打个电话。（两种填法，注意两
种填法的区别）
主将从现、主祈从现、主情从现；
主将从现完、主祈从现完、主情从现完；
2.
will have done还可表示说话人对某一将完成的动作或事态的推测或揣想，主
3
两者有何
区别呢？
语主要用第二、三人称，带有明显的
情态意义（详见情态动词）。“大概会„„
了”。如：The rain __________
(keep) you indoors today.
雨大概会让你今天留
在室内了。（表示对未来的推测）
七、时态的呼应
1. “时
态的呼应”指在从句中，谓语动词的时态要受主句谓语动词的时态的制
约，常见于宾语从句、主语从句、
表语从句和同位语从句中。
1）若主句的谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态，从句的谓语动词可以根据句
意而选用任何时态。如：I don’t know you __________ (be) in
Changsha for
two years.
2）若主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句要
用表示过去的某个时态与之呼应。
也就是说，若从句动作和主句动作同时发生，从句的动作用_____
_____
或__________；如果从句动作先于主句动作发生，从句用__________；
如果从句动作后于主句动作发生，从句则要用__________。如：
He told
me that he __________ (visit) America before.
2. 时态的呼应并不发生在所有从句中，在状语从句和定语从句中可根据意义的
需要来选用任
何时态；当从句表示客观真理时，时态不受主句谓语动词时态
的影响，而用一般现在时。如：When
I __________ (be) a primary school pupil,
my
teacher __________ (tell) me that the earth
__________ (move) around the
sun.
宾语从句（间接引语是宾语从句中的一种）
主语从句
名词性从句 表语从句
同位语从句
注：复合句 定语从句（关系代词、关系副词引导）
状语从句（连词引导）
that, whether
(if), wh-,
how, wh-+ever引导
4
EX.
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I don’t
know when Tom __________ tomorrow. (arrive)
2.
He said that he __________ the work very soon.
(finish)
3. Mr. Chen has saved some money. He
__________ a TV set. (buy)
4. It is said that
it __________ good weather tomorrow. (be)
5.
Don’t worry. I __________ a close examination of
you. (make)
6. Before long, he __________ all
about the matter. (forget)
7. When Bill
__________, ask him to wait for me. (come)
8.
He was sixteen. In two years he __________
eighteen. (be)
9. Make sure that the windows
are closed before you __________ the room.
(leave)
time was not far off when he
__________ this decision. (regret)
Ⅱ. 单项选择。
1. By the time he returns, the project
probably __________ ahead of time.
A. will be
finished
C. have finished
B. are finishing
D. will have been finished
2. I don’t know
if my brother __________ tonight.
A. will
return
C. has returned
B. is returning
D. returns
3. ---Tomorrow __________ my
birthday. I’d like you and Jane to come.
---I’m not sure if she __________ free.
A.
will be; is
C. is; is
B. is going to; is
D. is; will be
4. ---Uncle Wang is going
to take a trip to America alone.
---But he
__________ he __________ take me along.
A.
promises; will
C. promised; would
B. has
promised; will
D. had promised; would
5.
---I’m sorry, but smoking is forbidden here.
---Sorry, I __________ again.
5
A. didn’t
C. won’t
B. don’t
D. haven’t
6. Don’t tell him about his
mother’s illness until the examination __________.
A. has finished
C. was finished
B.
will be finished
D. finished
7. The
1318-kilometer advanced high speed railway
__________ by 2012.
A. will complete
C.
has been completed
B. is completed
D. will
have been completed
8. ---Did you tell mother
you had passed the exam?
---Oh, no, I forgot.
I __________ her now.
A. will be calling
C. am calling
B. will call
D. am to
call
9. The tourist asked the guide what he
__________ visit the next day.
A. was going to
C. is going to
B. went to
D. goes to
10. Population experts predict that most
people __________ in cities in the near
future.
A. live
C. will live
B.
would live
D. have lived
11. It __________
long before we __________ the result of the
experiment.
A. is; know
C. will not be;
know
B. is; will know
D. will not be; will
know
12. Great efforts to increase
agricultural production must be made if food
shortage
__________ avoided.
A. is to be
C. has been
B. can be
D. will be
13. ---Joan was badly injured in the accident
yeasterday and she was sent to hospital.
---Oh, really? I __________. I __________
visit her.
A. didn’t know; will go to B. don’t
know; will go to
6
C. didn’t
know; am going to D. haven’t known; am going to
14. ---I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet.
Shall I have her call you when she comes
back?
---No, I'll call her back. If I call again in
half an hour, do you think she
__________?
A. arrive
C. will arrive
B. has
arrived
D. will have arrived
15. I
__________ my son __________ doctor, but he wasn’t
good enough at science.
A. hoped; became
C. had hoped; would turn
B. hoped; could
become
D. had hoped; would have become
16.
Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Doctor Li
__________ for Beijing to join the
fight
against SARS, so we only had time for a few words.
A. just left
C. is just leaving
B. has
just left
D. was just leaving
17. John and
I __________ friends for eight years. We first got
to know each other at
a Christmas party, but
we __________ each other a couple of times before
that.
A. had been; have met
C. had been;
had met
B. have been; have met
D. have
been; had met
18. ---Could you take a message
for Mr Green?
---Certainly. I __________ him
about something else in any case, so it
__________ any bother.
A. may see; isn’t
C. will see; is
19. ---Are you going to
the movies tonight?
---Yes. By then I
__________ my work.
A. finish
C. finished
B. will be finishing
D. will have finished
B. see; won't be
D. will be seeing; won’t
be
20. Look! It’s cloudy now, and I’m sure
__________.
A. it will rain B. it is going to
rain
7
C. it is to rain
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
D. it is will be raining
1.
---__________ leave at the end of this month.
---I don’t think you should do that until
__________ another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d
found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
B. I’m going
to; you’ve found
D. I'll; you’d find
2.
---Come on, Peter. I want to show you something.
---Oh, how nice of you! I __________ you
__________ to bring me a gift.
A. never think;
are going
C. didn’t think; were going
B.
never thought; were going
D. hadn’t thought;
were going
3. The conference__________ a full
week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted
C. would last
B. will have lasted
D.
has lasted
4. It is reported that by the end
of this month the output of cement in the factory
__________ by about 10%.
A. will have
risen
C. will be rising
B. would rise
D. has been rising
5. I decided go to the
library as soon as I __________.
A. finish
what I did
C. would finish what I was doing
B. finished what I did
D. finished what I
was doing
6. ---May I speak to your manager
Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight?
---I’m
sorry. Mr. Williams __________ to a conference
long before then.
A. has gone
C. would
have gone
B. had gone
D. will have gone
7. By the time you arrive in London, we
__________ in Europe for two weeks.
A. shall
stay
C. will have stayed
B. have stayed
D. have been staying
8. He __________ at
the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.
8
A. will speak
C. had to
speak
B. is going to speak
D. was going to
speak
9. Don’t bother to look for my
dictionary --- it __________ some day.
A.
turns up
C. will turn up
B. has turned up
D. is going to turn up
10. The train
__________ at the present speed until it reaches
the foot of the mountain
at about nine o’clock
tonight.
A. went
C. goes
B. is going
D. will be going
11. ---Look at the black
clouds. It __________ soon.
---Sure. If only
we __________ out.
A. is raining; didn’t come
C. will rain; haven’t started
B. is to
rain; won’t start
D. is going to rain; hadn’t
come
12. By this time next year he __________
from the college.
A. will be graduating
C.
will have graduated
B. should be graduating
D. is graduating
13. I __________ in
Guangzhou for six years by this October.
A.
have lived
C. will be living
B. was living
D. shall have lived
14. They can’t leave
until they __________ their work.
A. did
C. have done
B. are doing
D. has done
15. ---The plane is leaving right now, but Jim
hasn’t arrived yet.
---Well, he said he
__________ here on time.
A. came
C. can be
B. would come
D. will be
16. As soon
as the baby saw her mother, she __________.
A.
was going to cry
C. began to cry
9
B. cried
D. was crying
17. Li Ming said he __________ happy if
Brian __________ to China next month.
A. as;
come
C. would be; came
18. ---What did
your son say in the letter?
---He told me that
he __________ the Disney World the next day.
A. will visit
C. is going to visit
B.
has visited
D. would visit
B. was;
would come
D. will be; come
19. I hoped
Tina __________ to my birthday party on time the
next Wednesday.
A. to come
C. will come
B. is coming
D. was coming
20. We were
not sure whether they __________ more vegetables.
A. are going to grow
C. will grow
B.
were going to grow
D. have grown
21. She
__________ to work when the telephone rang.
A.
is going
C. was about to go
B. will go
D. is to go
22. When she graduates from
the college this summer, she __________ here for
five
years.
A. will study
C. will have
studied
B. will be studying
D. studies
23. If the horse wins tomorrow, he __________
twenty races in the past three years.
A. will
win
C. will have won
B. would win
D.
has won
24. We work together for two years. He
__________ me.
A. won’t have forgotten
C.
have forgotten
B. had forgotten
D.
will forget
10