现在完成时练习题及答案(老师专用)
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时态讲解：现在完成时
1
）现在完 成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说
话人强调的是该动作或状态对 现在的
结果或影响
。
My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived.
她到了。
2
）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的 动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间
的状语连用，如
recently, already, just, lately, for
…, since…,yet
等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days.
这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently.
最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years.
他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
3
）
.
现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作
.
We have had four texts this semester.
6. have been to
和
have gone to
的区别
have been to
强调
“
去过
”
，现已不在那里，如：
He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过三次。
（过去
“
到美国
”
，现在已
“
不在美国
”
）
have gone to
主要强调的是
“
去了
”
，现在人不在说话的现场，如：
--Where's your mother? --
你妈妈在哪？
--She has gone to the hospital. --
她去医院了。
一
结构
1.< br>肯定句：主语
+have/has+
动词的过去分词
+
其他
2.
否定句：主语
+have/has+not+
动词的过去分词
+
其他
3.
一般疑问句：
have/has+
主语
+
动词的过去分词
+
其他
Yes,
主语
+have/has.
No ,
主语
+have/has+not
4.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词
+ have/has+
主语
+
动词的过去分词
+
其他
二
常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语
注
意
:.
现
在
完
成
时
不
能
单
独
与
准
确
时
间
连
用
，
(
如
表
示
过
去
的
时
间
状
语
）
如
yesterday(morning
、
afternoon),las t(morning
、
afternoon)
等，除非与
for, since
连用
.
1.
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
如
already
（肯定）
, yet
（
否定，
疑问）
, just, before, recently, still, lately
，
Just,
already,
yet,
ever,
never,
before,
twice(
重复性时间
)
，
for+
短时间，
since+
点时间，
so far,
how
long
提问的疑问句中
.......
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
2.
现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用
,
如
ever, never, twice, several times
等
:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman several times.
3.
现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用
,
如
up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far
等
:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
三
当现在完成 时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如
果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化 为对应的延续性动词。
若不是和短时间连用，则
不用转化。
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。
1.
持续性动词
:
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的
study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay,
sit, stand, lie, keep
等。
2.
瞬间性动词
:
表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。
常见的
--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter,
hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away,
put up, set out, put on, get on/off
等
3.
瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当
的 持续性动词来替换
He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.
（他参军已有
3
年了。）不用
has
joined
She has been up for quite some time.
（她起床已有好久了。）不用
has got up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time?
（离家已有好久了吗？）不
用
has left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：
1
、
go
—
be away
2
、
come
—
be here
3
、
come back
—
be back
4
、
leave
—
be away
（
be not here
）
5
、
buy
—
have
6
、
borrow
—
keep
7
、
die
——
be dead
8
、
begin
——
be on
9
、
finish
—
be over
10
、
open
——
be open
11
、
close
——
be closed
12
、
lose
——
be lost
13
、
get to know
—
know
14
、
turn on
—
be on
15
、
get
up
——
be up
16
、
sit down
—
sit/beseated
17
、
join
—
be in
（
…
）或
be a…member
18
、
become
—
be
4.
瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用
例如：
I haven’t seen you for a long time.
（好久没见到你了。）
四
区别下面三组词
Have been to
表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来
Have gone to
表示去了，还未回来
Have been in
表示一直在某个地方
五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动
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作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表
示和现在的关系 。
I have just been to London. I went there last month.
我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。
1.
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成
时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2.
过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，
或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语
:
yesterday, last week
，
…ago, in1980, in October, just now,
具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语
:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once
，
before, already, recently
，
lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
六
现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构
主语
+have/has+
动词过去分词
+
其他，
have/has+not+
主语
主语
+have/has+not+
动词过去分词
+
其他，
have/has+
主语
七
现在完成时考点例析
一、考查其构成
助动词
have (has) +
动词过去分词
构成现在完成时。如：
1. Kate's never seen Chinese films
，
____ ?
A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she
析 ：陈述句部分含否定词
never,
简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因
Kate's是
Kate has
的缩
写，故选
B
。
2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (
改为否定句
)
His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.
析：
already
常用 在肯定句中，
yet
常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填
hasn't, yet
。
3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents.
A. has B. had C. did D. have
析：
助
/
系
/
情态动词
+主语
结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，
又后句的主语为
her parents
是复数
,
故选
D
。
二、考查其用法与标志词
(
一
)
当句中有
never, ever, just, already, yet, before
等时，常用现在完成时。如：
1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?
-______you______ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish
B. Are; finishing
C. Did; finish
D. Have; finished
2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______
A. Did; surf; surfed
B. Have; surfed; surfed
C. Did; surf; have surfed
D. Have; surfed; have surfed
析：据
yet
和
before< br>可知
,
应用现在完成时，故
1
题选
D
，
2< br>题选
D
。
(
二
)
当句中有
段时间
或
点时间
等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必
须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词
(
短语
)
。如：
1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.
A. after
B. before
C. since
D. for
析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选
C
。
2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent
B. has borrowed
C. has bought
D. has had
析：
A
、
B
、
C
均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表
段时间
的短语连用，故选
D
。
3. I______a letter from him since he left.
A. didn't receive
B. haven't got
C. didn't have
D. haven't heard
析：据
since
可知，应排除< br>A
、
C
，
意为
收到某人的来信
，故选
B
。
三、考查
have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)
的区别
。如：
1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?
-Yes, I have.
A. went to
B. gone to
C. been in
D. been to
析：据句中的
have
，排除
A
，
B
项意为
去某地了
，
C
项意为
一 直呆在某地
，
D
项意
为
去过某地
，符合题意，故选
D
。
2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been
析：本题句中有
段时间
结构，据此可排除
C
，
B
项意为
去过某地
，不合题意，
D
项缺介词，故选
A
。
四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。
如：
1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(
改成正确的句子
)
析：非延续性动词与
段时间
连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把
动词改为一般过去时或借助句型< br>
段时间
+since+
从句
进行句子转换。故答案为：
Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years
since Sun's aunt went there.
2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(
改为同义句
)
________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.
析：据上题分析，且
since
引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填
It is, since, came
。
3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.
A. lost
B. don't lose
C. have lost
D. is coming
析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的 结果，符
合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选
C
。
现在完成时的练习（一）
一、
单项选择
1
、
Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him .
Ａ
.
knew
Ｂ
.
have known
Ｃ
.
must know
Ｄ
. will know
2
、
He has
_______ been to Shanghai, has he?
Ａ
.
already
Ｂ
. never
Ｃ
. ever
Ｄ
. still
3
、
Have you met Mr. Li ______
？
Ａ
.
just
Ｂ
. ago
Ｃ
.before
Ｄ
.a moment ago
4
、
The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ
. is
writing
Ｂ
.was
writing
Ｃ
.wrote
Ｄ
.has written
5
、
—
Our country
______ a lot so far .
—
Yes. I hope it will be even ____
Ａ
. has
changed well
Ｂ
.
changed; good
Ｃ
. has
changed ; better
Ｄ
.
changed; better
6
、
Zhao Lan ______already
______in this school for two years .
Ａ
. was; studying
Ｂ
. will; study
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Ｃ
. has; studied
Ｄ
. are; studying
7
、
We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ
. know
Ｂ
.
had
known
Ｃ
. have
known
Ｄ
. knew
8
、
Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_______ it twice .
Ａ
.
will
see
Ｂ
.
have
seen
Ｃ
.
saw
Ｄ
.see
9
、
—
These farmers have been to the United States
—
Really? When _____ there?
Ａ
. will they go
Ｂ
.
did they go
Ｃ
. do they go
Ｄ
.
have they gone
10
、
—
______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—
Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
Ａ
.
Did; do; finished
Ｂ
.
Have; done; finished
Ｃ
.
Have; done; have finished
Ｄ
.
will; do; finish
11
、
His father
______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ
.
joined
Ｂ
.
has joined
Ｃ
.
was in
D. has been in
12
、
—
Do you know him well ?
—
Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ
.
were
Ｂ
. have been
Ｃ
. have become
Ｄ
. have mad
13
、
—
How long have you
____ here ?
—
About two months.
Ａ
.
been
Ｂ
.
gone
Ｃ
.
come
Ｄ
. Arrived
14
、
Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.
Ａ
.
has begun
Ｂ
. had begun
Ｃ
.
has been on
Ｄ
. Began
15
、
It _____ ten
years since he left the army .
Ａ
.
is
Ｂ
. has
Ｃ
. will
Ｄ
. Was
16
、
Miss Green isn't in the office. she _______ to the library.
Ａ
. has gone
Ｂ
. went
Ｃ
.will go
Ｄ
.
has been
17
、
My parents ______
Shandong for ten years.
Ａ
.
have been in
Ｂ
. have been to
Ｃ
.
have gone to
Ｄ
. have been
18
、
The students have cleaned the classroom,
?
A. so they
B. don’t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they
19
has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he
to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
D. How far, arrived
20
、
His uncle
for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
二、
句型转换。
1
、
He has never surfed,
?
（改成反意疑问句）
2
、
They have been here since 2000.
(
对划线部分提问
)
have they been here?
3
、
The old man _________ last year. He
for a year. (die)
（动词
填空）
4
、
This factory opened twenty years ago.(
同义句转换
)
This factory
________ for twenty years.
5
、
Miss Gao left an hour ago.
(
同义句转换
)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6
、
Her mother has been a Party member for three years .
（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________.
7
、
The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (
同义句转换
)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8
、
The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (
把两个句子合并成一个句子
)
___________________________________________
三、
汉译英。
1.
我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
（
just
）
2.
我以前从来没去过那个农场。
(never)
3.
你已经看过这部电影了吗？
4.
我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
5.
他们已去了美国五年了。
(for)
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现在完成时练习（二）
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
II. Choose the best answer.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
1. How long have you _______ here?
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. come
B. got
C
. arrived
D. been
A. at the age of my 2
3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
C. when I was 2.
D. my age was 6.
B. for 2 years
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. been
B. gone
C. went
D. never been
5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?
A. after
B. since
C. for
--I will. I _____ her several times.
D. that
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?
A. met
B. have met
C. had met
--Just 2 weeks.
D. will meet
7.-- Do you know Lydia very well?
A. will, buy
B. did, buy
C
. are, having
D. have, had
8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made
B. have become
C. have been
D. have turned
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking.
A. has lived
B. lived
C. have been
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
Can I speak to Mr. Black?
D. live
10. --____ you ever ____ to the US?
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. went to
D. will go to
-- Yes, twice.
III. Rewrite the sentences.
A. Have, gone
B. Have, been
C, Do, go
1. I have been to Macau before. (
D. were, going
I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
改为否定句
)
2. He hasn’t come to school
because he was ill. (
就划线部分提问
)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
用
just
改写
)
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(
改为同义句
)
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______?
We ____ ____English ____three years
6. They have been here since 2000.
(
对划线部分提问
（改成反意疑问句）
)
7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die)
_______ _______have they been here?
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.
（动词填空）
Ⅳ
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
(
同义句转换
)
. Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book?
Ⅴ
.
Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fi
ll in the blanks.
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5.
“Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
六、用
have / has been to / in, have gone to
及
go
的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ________ the park just now.
3) John _______ England since he came back.
4) How long _____ they _____ this village?
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I _____ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _____
11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____
to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
12) He often _____ swimming.
to the zoo.
13) _____ you ______ there last year?
14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?
七
用
never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since
填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
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巩固练习题：
一、写出下列动词的相应形式：
wash_________ match _______guess______ study______
finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. We often___________(play) in the playground.
_________(get) up at six o’clock.
3. __________you _________(wash) your hands every morning?
______(do) he usually_______(do) after school?
5 Danny _______(study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.
6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with his parents.
8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
9. How many lessons _______ your classmate________(have) on Monday?
10. What time________his mother_________(do) the housework?
11. He often _____________(have) dinner at home.
12. Daniel and Tommy _____________(be) in Class One.
13. We________________ (not watch) TV on Monday.
14. Nick_____________ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
15. They ________________ (like) the World Cup.
16. What _______ they often ___________(do) on Saturdays?
17. _________your parents__________ (read) newspapers every day?
18. The girl __________(teach) us English on Sundays.
19. She ____________(not do) homework every day.
20. There __________(be) some water in the bottle.
21. Mike ____________(like) cooking..
22 She ____________(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
23. Liu Tao _____________(do) not like PE.
24. _________
Mike_______(read) English every day?
25. How many lessons_____your classmate______(have) on Monday?
26. What time____his mother____(do) the housework?
三、改句子
1. Do you often play football after school? (
肯定回答
)
2. I have many books.
（改为否定句）
3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing tab
le tennis.
（改为否定句）
4. She lives in a small town near New York.
（改为一般疑问句）
5. I watch TV every day.
（改为一般疑问句）
6. David has got a big family.
（改为一般疑问句）
7. We have four lessons.
（否定句）
8. Nancy doesn’t run fast
（肯定句）
9. My dog runs fast.
否定句：
一般疑问句：
10. Mike has two letters for him.
一般疑问句：
否定句：
11. I usually play football on Friday afternoon.
否定句
:
一般疑问句
:
划线提问
12. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.
否定句
:
一般疑问句
:
划线提问
:
13. Mingming usually plays football every day.
否定句
:
一般疑问句
:
划线提问
14. Tom does his homework at home.
否定句
:
一般疑问句
:
四、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(
改为否定句
)
2. I do my homework every day.(
改为一般疑问句，作否定回答
)
3. Amy likes playing computer games.(
对划线部分提问
)
4. We go to school every morning.(
改为否定句
)
5. He speaks English very well.(
改为否定句
)
6. She is always a good student.(
改为一般疑问句，作否定回答
)
六、用
do does
填空（
does
用于第三人称单数，其余用
do
）
1
、
_____ you ride a bike after school? Yes, I ________.
2
、
_____ your sister like P.E? No, she ______ not.
3
、
What_______ the students have? They have some pens.
4
、
How______ Linda go to school? She goes to school on foot.
5
、
He ______ not speak English. He speaks Chinese.
6
、
______ they watch TV on Sundays? Yes, they ______ .
7
、
My father and mother ______ not read newspapers on Saturday.
七、用一般现在时填空。
1. What ______ he _____ (have)?
He ________ (have) a toy plane.
2. My mother _____ not_____(like) English. She ____ (like) Chinese.
3. ______ you ______ (go ) to school by bus?
No, I _____ (go) to school by car.
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4. Miss Wang ______ (swim ) every day.
5. I _____(like) English . Tom _________ _______(not like ) English.
6. The moon ______ (go) around the earth.
7. When_____ you _______ (go ) to school?
I _____ (go) to school at five every day.
1. She is a student, _____ name is Julia.
A. its B. her C. hers D. his
2. Could you help _____ with _______ English, please.
A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I
3. A friend of _____ came here yesterday.
A. my B. his C. him D. himself
4. ______ pencil-box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ______.
A. Toms, my, he B. Tom's, mine, his C. Tom's, mine, him D. Tom's, my, his
5. Most of ______like Chinese food.
A. they B. Their C. Them D. theirs
6. Don't you let ____ help you ?
A. I and my friend
B. my friend and I
C. my friend and me
D. my friend and I to
7. How hard______ works!
A. we B. him C. he D. his
8. ______ have been chosen.
A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I D. You,and me
9. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _______ .
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
10. That's not ______, it is_______. I made it ______ .
A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself
11. We bought _____ English-Chinese dictionaries.
A. us B. ours C. ourselves D. to us
12. Most people think ______ are winning SARS.
A. ours B. ourselves C. we D. us
1
．
This is (I ) bottle. __________ . (you) is over there.
2. Whose cup is this ? It’s_______ (he).
room is ___________ (we) ? I don’t know.
4. That basket isn’t__________ (me). It’s___________(she).
5. __________ computer is broken. Could you help__________-? (
他
)
6. __________ are very young. Who can look after__________? (
她们
)
7. __________ looks like _________ mother. (
她
)
8. Look at the kite in the tree. It’s ____. Could you help_____? _____ can’t get it down.
(
我
)
9. Don’t put your socks h
ere. Put _______away. (
它们
)
10. He can mend ________ (
你的
) clock. Give ________ to ________.(
它，他
)
11. This is not __________car. _________ is over there. (
我们的
)
12. What’s wrong with _________ arm , Jack ?
13. Uncle Wang can’t find ________ pen. Could you he
lp ______ ?
14. I have a sheep. ________ name is Duoli.
15. ________ can mend your plane. Please give it to ________ . (
我们
)
一般将来时练习题
一般将来时
(The future indefinite tense)
一般将来时主要有以下几种表现形式：
由助动词
shall
或
will
加动词原形构成，
shall 用于第一人称，
will
用于第二、三人
称。除英国外的说英语的国家，在陈述句 中，即使在第一人称一般也用
will
，在英国也
有这种趋势。在口语中，常用
shall,
will
的缩写形式为
’ll,
如：
I’ll,
you’ll
等。
Shall
not
的缩写式为
:shan’t, will not
的缩写式为：
won’t.
肯定句：
I/We shall/will go.
You/He/She/They Will go.
否定句：
I/We shall/will not go.
You/He/She/They Will not go.
疑问句：
Shall I/we go?
Will you/he/she/they go?
什么叫做一般将来时
（
1
）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。
例如：
I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.
我明天到。
Will you be free tonight?
你今晚有空吗？
We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening.
我们今晚不忙。
（
2
）在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时
要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如：
Will she come?
她（会）来吗？
We’ll only stay for two weeks.
我们只待两星期。
The meeting won’t last long.
会开不了多久。
（
3
）在以第一人称
I
或
we
作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词
shall
，这时或是征求对
方的意见
(a)
，或是询问一个情况
(b)
：
a. Where shall we meet?
我们在哪儿碰头？
b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow?
明天我们有课吗？
在这类问句中，近年来也有不少人用
will
，特别是在美国。例如：
How will I get there?
我怎么去？
（
4
）
be going to+
动词原形
a.
表示打算、准备做的事。例如：
We are going to put up a building here.
我们打算在这里盖一座楼。
How are you going to spend your holidays?
假期你准备怎样过？
b.
表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如：
I think it is going to snow.
我看要下雪了。
There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this.
这事肯定会有很多麻烦。
c.“will”
句型与
“be going to”
句型，前者表示纯粹将 来，后者表示打算、计划、准备
做的事情，更强调主语的主观意愿。例如：
Tomorrow will be Saturday.
明天是周六了。
We are going to visit Paris this summer.
今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。