考研英语真题
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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered
blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away The answer may be a resounding
“yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns
out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind.
Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this
winter.
In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie
Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social
support
and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to
developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who
perceived?ater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and
the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32
percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones
who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less
severe 12 .
“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for
colds
that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor
of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15
the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”
Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of
hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone”
18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother
and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower
part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But
some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
1
．
[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout
2
．
[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior
3
．
[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host
4
．
[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep
5
．
[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting
6
．
[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on
7
．
[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted
8
．
[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out
9
．
[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined
10
．
[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained
11
．
[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus
12
．
[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors
13
．
[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased
14
．
[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared
15
．
[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record
16
．
[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the
name of
17
．
[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return
18
．
[A]ause [B] unless [C] though [D] until
19
．
[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases
20
．
[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours , now three hours
—
this is how far in advance
authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight ,
at least at some major . airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures
in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which
terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another
tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or
providing too little security in return undermines public support for the
process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and
private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a
secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---
both fake and real
—
past airport security nearly every time they
tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in
airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It
is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has?ome
—
but the
lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep
increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new
screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so
much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are
trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked- baggage fees,
though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling
airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.
PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers
who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.
This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is
sticker shock. Passengers must pay $$85 every five years to process their
background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been
PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more
reasonable level. But Conss should look into doing so directly, by helping
to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck
lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It
is long past time to make the program work.
21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.
[A] gained great popularity
[B] created many jobs
[C]strengthened community ties
[D]ome an official festival
22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed
to _____.
[A] boost population growth
[B] promote sport participation
[C]improve the city’s image
[D] increase sport hours in schools
23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.
[A] aims at discovering talents
[B] focuses on mass competition
[C] does not emphasize elitism
[D] does not attract first- timers
24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments
should______.
[A] organize “grassroots” sports events
[B] supervise local sports associations
[C] increase funds for sports clubs
[D] invest in pubic sports facilities
25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for
sports is _____.
[A]tolerant
[B] critical
[C]uncertain
[D]sympathetic
Text 2
“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani,
Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the
most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with
astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the
Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to
revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant
volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the
Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the
world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna
Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where
conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but
vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence
as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of
what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In
their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is
the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize
the
protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the
island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is
a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the
dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the
horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires
astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all
telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the
reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big
questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going.
Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal
calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of
Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility
around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To
limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at
the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.
There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace
their cultural heritage and to study the stars.
26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates
[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C] the rettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.
27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to
[A] its geographical features
[B] its protective surroundings.
[C] its religious implications.
[D] its existing infrastructure.
28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly?ause
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s
astronomy