Because和for的用法不同之处
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2021年01月28日 20:12
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Because
和
for
的用法不同之处
1
，
作为原因状语，
because-
分句位置灵活，而
for-
分句只可在主句之后
The doctor looks tired and sleepy because he sat up all night with the patient.
The doctor looks tired and sleepy, for he sat up all night with the patient.
2
，
由
because
引导的原因状语分句可以单独用来 回答
why-
问句，而
for-
分句不行
---Why does the doctor look so tired and sleepy?
---Because he sat up all night with the patient.
3
，
作为原因状语，
because-
分句可在
because
前带否定词或其他修饰语，
还可带某些并列连
词， 而
for-
分句不可以
The doctor looks tired and sleepy not because he isn’t feeling well, but because he sat up all night
with the patient.
4
，
作为原因状语，
because-
分句可作分裂句中心成分，而
for-
分句不行
It is because he sat up all night with the patient that the doctor looks tired and sleepy.
5
，
连词
for
可以引导一个句子，为上文陈述的情况说 明原因或提供理由，而
because-
分句
通常引导从属分句，除用以回答
why-
问句外不单独出现
When I saw her in the river, I was frightened. For at that point the currents were dangerous.
在
because
，
since
，
as
这三个从属连词中，
以
because
语势最强，
since
次之，
as
又次之。
Because
通常表示“新信息”
，即一种未知的原因，而
since/as
则表示已知原 因。由于
since/as
分句通
常表示已知原因，所以常常出现在句首，这也是它们 与
for-
分句用法上不同的地方。
Though
和< br>although
同义，在一般情况下可以互换。但
although
比
though
语气强烈，常用以
强调让步概念
He insisted on doing it although I wanted him not to.
当让步分句指一种臆想的情况时，通常用
though
Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.
Though everybody desert you, I will not.
引导某些让步状语分句通常也只能用
though
Difficult though the task was, they managed to complete it in time.
Clever though he was, he failed the exam.
He’s welcome to come with us, ______ it won’t be too much of a strain for him to walk so far.
A, provided
B. as if
C. unless
D. since
有些动词ing
或
ed
形式可以用做连词，引导原因、条件或让步状语分句，如
s eeing that
（鉴
于，
由于）
，
considering that
，
providing that
，
provided that< br>（
假如，
以
…
为条件）
，
supposing that
（假如）
，
given that
（以
…
为条件）
，
granted
，
granting that
（假使）
，在许多情况下，
that
是
不出现的。
一些常见缩略语
2G 2nd Generation Mobile Communications System
第二代移动通信系统
3G
，
3GMS 3rd Generation Mobile Communications System
第三代移动通信系统
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
第三代合作组织
AAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
鉴权、授权、计费
ANSI American National Standard Institute
美国国家标准组织
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
美国信息交换标准码
ASP Application Server Process
应用服务器进程
ASP Access Service Provider
接入服务提供商
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
异步传输模式
BIOS Basic Input Output System
基本输入输出系统
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
码分多址接入
CPU Central Processing Unit
中央处理器
ADSL
asymmetrical digital subscriber line
非对称数字用户线路
APEC
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
亚太经济全作组织
ATM
Automated teller machine
自动提款机
BBS
Aulletin board service
电子公告牌服务
CD
Compact disc
激光唱片
CD-ROM Compact disc read- only memory
只读光盘
CPA
Certified public accountant
注册会计师
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
脱氧核糖核酸
DVD
digital video disc
数字激光视盘
GDP
gross domestic product
国内生产总值
GNP
gross national product
国民生产总值
GPS
global positioning system
全球定位系统
GRE
Graduate
Record
Exa mination
（
美
国
等
国
家
）
研究
生
入
学
资
格
考
试
OPEC
organization of the Petroleum Exporting Country
石油输出
国组织
RAM
random-access memory
随机存取存储器
ROM
read-only memory
只读存储器
SCI
science citation index
科学引文索引
SOHO
Small office, home office
居家办公
TOEFL
Test of English as a Foreign Language
托福
（美国对非英语国家留学生的英语考试）
WAP Wireless Access Protocol
无线接入协议
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
无线应用协议
IGO inter-government organization
政府间国际组织
LNG
liquified natural gas
液化天然气
LPG liquified petroleum gas
液化石油气
“失业”
新说
career change opportunity
chemical change
transitioned
outplacement
work force imbalance correction
vocational relocation
indefinite idling
executive cutting
force reduction
personal surplus reduction
reducing headcount
redundancy elimination
release
selective separation
coerced transition
involuntary separation
negotiated departure
voluntary severance
voluntary termination
decruitment
degrowing
dehiring
deselection
downsizing
rightsizing(
调整规模
)
schedule adjustment
skill-mix adjustment
work force adjustment
bag
e.g.
Just say the boss was willing to bag him.
Give somebody the bag
解雇某人；拒绝某人求婚
Do somebody out of the job
Pay somebody off
发清工资后解雇；算帐走人
Any more of this and
I’
ll pay off the whole bunch of you.
Get the bird
This situation can only lead to your catching later trains and getting the bird at the office.
Be put down
The manager has been put down for misconduct.
Be forced out of office
Walking ticket ( walking papers; pink slip)
Two baseball veterans got their walking ticket today.
Walking orders
Marching orders
Walk the plank
Rostow
’
s deputy walks the plank; Rostow hangs in.
Explusion
赶出或赶走；开除
Bounce
Bump
Get the hook
Just when he thought he was doing so well, he got the hook.
Give someone his running shoes
When he objected to the new policy they gave him his running shoes.
Brush- off
解雇，尤指用粗暴的方式
Layoff
tie a can to (on) someone
Be struck off the rolls
开除
He will certainly be struck off the rolls if this conduct continues.
Bust out
因成绩不佳而被学校开除
Oust sb from a firm
ouster
Erase one
’
s name from the list
Be excommunicated for
Be relieved of one
’
s post
Cut down the number of persons employed
Reduce the staff
汉语新词译例
There is no mathematics without plus or minus, which holds good for translation.
------ Bayard Taylor
一，增补词义
推动经济
push / fuel economic
growth
老年大学
college
of continuing education
for the elderly
发展两岸关系，
推进祖国和平统一进程
develop relations between the two sides
of the Taiwan
Straits
and promote the peaceful reunification of the motherland
减负
lighten the burden of the students
打假，打非，打拐
crack down on counterfeiters/ mount (launch) an attack on counterfeiters
mount an attack on
illegal publishers
launch an attack on
abductors (of women and children)
财务公开
keep the public informed of the financial affairs
兰州拉面
Lanzhou hand-pulled noodles
推向市场
push into market competition
拉动消费
stimulate consumption
消费心理
consumer psychology
与国际接轨
gear oneself to international conventions
对内搞活
enliven the domestic economy
二，删减饰词
医德医风
medical ethnics
歪风邪气
evil winds and noxious influences/ evil winds
居高临下
be at a commanding post
头重脚轻
be top-heavy
三，补全文化差异
野蛮装卸
the rash-and-rough way of loading and unloading
高考状元
the
highest- ranking
student
in
entrance
examinations
for
college
and
university/
the
best candidate for college entrance examinations
养鸡状元
the champion chicken-raiser
向病人索要红包
solicit under-the-table payments from patients
拒收病人的红包
refuse to accept any covert payment from patients
四，避免“中式英语”
，切忌想当然
失足青年
youth who has taken a wrong step in life
内耗
losses (of manpower and material resources) in internal strife; in- fighting
豆腐渣工程
jerrybuilt project; beancurd project, so named because they fall apart easily
投资热点
popular investment spot
道德法庭
conscience forum
钉子户
recalcitrant
横向经济联系
lateral economic ties
堡电话粥
do marathon talk on telephone
Each language has its own genius
…
Rather than force the formal structure of one language upon
another, the effective translator is quite prepared to make any and all formal changes necessary to
reproduce the message in the distinctive structure forms of the receptor language.
------ E. A. Nida
中小型企业
small and medium-sized enterprises
高新技术
new and high technology
国际经济新秩序
a new international economic order
霹雳舞
break dance
量贩店
bulk sale store
封闭式小区
gated community
过劳死
karoshi
讨债公司
debt-recovery firm
珍珠奶茶
tapioca milk tea; bubble tea
声讯电话
pay-per-call
露脐装
midriff-baring shirt; midriff; half-shirt
假唱
lip-sync
搭售
conditional sale; tie-in
一些常见搭配
动词
+
介词形式
account for
说明
(
原因等
)
aim at
瞄准，针对
allow for
考虑到
appeal to
呼吁，要求
arrive at
达成，得出
ask after
询问，问候
ask for
请求，要求
attach to
附属于，隶属于
begin with
从开始
break into
闯入
break off
断绝，结束
break through
突破
break up
中止，结束；打碎，折断
bring about
带来，造成
bring down
打倒，挫伤；降低
bring forth
产生，提上
bring forward
提出
bring out
使出现；公布；出版
bring up
教育，培养，使成长
build up
积累；堵塞；树立，逐步建立；增进；锻炼
call for
邀请；要求；需求
call forth
唤起，引起；振作起，鼓起
call off
放弃，取消
catch at
抓住
(
东西
)
call on/upon
访问，拜访；号召，呼吁
call up
召集，动员；打电话
care for
照管，关心；喜欢，意欲
carry off
夺去
carry on
继续下去；从事，经营
carry out
贯彻，执行；实现
come to
总计，达到；苏醒，复原
count on
依靠；期待，指望
count up
把……相加
cover up
掩饰，掩盖
cut across
走捷径，抄近路
deal with
处理，对付，安排
do without
没有……也行
fill in/out
填充，填写
get at
得到，接近；意思是
get into
进入，陷入
go after
追求
go into
进入；研究，调查
go for
竭力想取得；喜爱；支持，拥护
go through
经历，经受；详细检查
go with
伴随，与……协调
go without
没有……也行
improve on
改进
keep to
保持，坚持
lie in
在于
live up to
不辜负
live on/by
靠……生活，以……为食
live through
度过，经受过
look after
照管，照料
look at
看望，注视
look for
寻找，寻求
look into
调查，观察，过问；窥视
look over
检查，查看，调查
look through
仔细查看，浏览，温习
make for
走向，驶向；有助于
occur to
被想到，被想起
play with
以……为消遣，玩弄
refer to
参考，查阅，涉及，提到
run for
竞选
run into
撞上，偶然碰见
see to
注意，负责，照料，修理
send for
派人去请，召唤；索取
send in
呈报，递交，送来
serve as
作为，用作
set aside
挑出，拨出，留出；拒绝
sit for
参加
stand by
支持，帮助；袖手旁观
stand for
代替，代表，意味着
stand against
反抗，抵抗
stick to
坚持，忠于，信守
take after
与……相像
take for
把……认为是，把……看成是
take in
接受，吸收；了解，理解
take to
喜欢，亲近
touch on
关系到，涉及
turn into
变成
turn to
变成；求助于，借助于
turn off
关上；出产；解雇
动词
+
副词形式
break down
损坏，分解，瓦解
break in
闯入；打断，插嘴
break out
逃出；突然发生，爆发