The United Kingdom consisting of four countries
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2021年01月28日 23:43
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毕业晚会策划书-随笔日记
The United Kingdom consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign
['s
ɔ
vri n]
（君主
,
元首
;
最高统治者）
state(
宗主国
,
主权国
) located off the northwestern
['n
ɔ:θ'westən]
（西北的）
coast
（海岸）
of continental[,k
ɔ
nti'nentl]
（
洲的
;
大陆的）Europe. It is an island country
，
spanning
（
跨
越
）
an
archipelago
[,
ɑ:ki'peləgəu]
（
群
岛
，
列
岛
）
including
Great
Britain,
the
northeastern
[,n
ɔ:θ'i:stə
n]
part
of
Ireland,
and
many
small
islands.
Northern
Ireland
is
the
only
part
of
the
UK
with
a
land
border,
sharing
it
with
the
Republic(
共和国
,
共和政体
)
of
from this land border, the UK is surrounded(
围绕
) by the Atlantic Ocean(
大西洋
),
the North Sea(
北海
), the English Channel(
英吉利海峡
) and the Irish Se
a
（爱尔兰海
)
. The largest
island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel.
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组 成的联合王国，
一统于一个中央政府和国家元首。英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，英国本土位于大不列颠群岛 ，
被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
The United Kingdom is a constitutional
[,k
ɔ
nsti'tju:
ʃə
nl]
monarchy
['m
ɔn
ə
ki]
(
君主
立宪制
)
and
unitary
['ju:nit
ə
ri]
(单一的
,
统一的
)
state.
It
is
governed
by
a
parliamentary
[,p
ɑ:lə'mentəri]
system(
议会制
) with its seat of government
（
政府的中心所
在地）
in
London,
the
capital,
but
with
three devolved
[di'v
ɔ
lv]
（被转移
,
被移 交）
national
administrations
[
ə
d, mini'strei
ʃə
n]
(
管理部门
;
行政机构,
政府
)in Belfast(
贝尔法斯特
:
北爱
尔兰首府
)
, Cardiff(
加地夫
:
威尔士之主要海港
)
and Edinburgh(
爱丁堡
)
, the capitals of Northern
Ireland,
Wales
and
Scotland
respectively
[ri'spektivli]
(
分别的
,
各自的
)
.
The
Channel
Island
bailiwicks
['beiliwik]
(
市政官的辖区
)
of
Jerse(
泽西岛
:
英吉利海峡的岛屿
)
and
Guernse(
根西
:
英国三大皇家属地之一
)
,
and
the
Isle
of
Man(
马恩岛
)
are
Crown Dependencies
and
not part of the UK
属于不列颠群岛的几个岛屿，但是享有自治权
. The UK has fourteen overseas territories
['terit
ə
ri]
(
领土
)
,]all remnants
['remn
ə
nt]
(
残
留
,
剩
余
)of
the
British
Empire(
大
英
帝
国
),
which
at
its
height
in
1922
encompassed
[in'k
ʌ
mp
ə< br>s](
围绕
,
包围
,
包含
)
almost a quarter of the world's land surface,
the
largest
empire
['empai
ə
](
帝国
)
in
history.
British
influence
can
continue
to
be
observed
[
ə< br>b'z
ə
:v](
注意到
)
in the language, culture and legal systems(
法律体制
) of many
of its former colonies
['k
ɔ
l
ə
ni](
殖民地
)
.
The
UK
is
a
developed
country,
with
the
world's
sixth
largest
economy
by
nominal
GDP(
名义
GDP) and the seventh largest by purchasing
['p
ə
:t
ʃeisiŋ]
(
购买
)
power parity(
购买力平价
法
). It was the world's first industrialised country[22] and the world's foremost power during the
19th and early 20th centuries,[23] but the economic cost of two world wars and the decline of its
empire in the latter half of the 20th century diminished its leading role in global affairs. The UK
nevertheless
remains
a
major
power
with
strong
economic,
cultural,
military
and
political
influence. It is a nuclear power and has the fourth highest defence spending in the world. It is a
Member
State
of
the
European
Union,
holds
a
permanent
seat
on
the
United
Nations
Security
Council, and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, G8, OECD, NATO, and the World
Trade Organization
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: Queen Elizabeth II is head
of state of the UK as well as of fifteen other Commonwealth
['k
ɔ
m
ənwelθ]
(
政
治实体
,
国家
;
共和国
,
民主国
)countries, putting the UK in a personal union with
those other states. The Crown has sovereignty over the Crown Dependencies
of the Isle of Man and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, which are not
part of the United Kingdom though the UK government manages their foreign
affairs and defence and the UK Parliament has the authority to legislate on
their behalf.
Since the United Kingdom is one of the three countries in the world today that
does not have a codified constitution,[37] the Constitution of the United
Kingdom consists mostly of written sources, including statutes, judge made
case law, and international treaties. As there is no technical difference
between ordinary statutes and
perform
has the power to change or abolish almost any written or unwritten element of
the constitution. However, no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments
cannot change.[38]
The UK has a parliamentary government based on the Westminster system
that has been emulated around the world
—
a legacy of the British Empire.
The Parliament of the United Kingdom that meets in the Palace of Westminster
has two houses: an elected House of Commons and an appointed House of
Lords, and any Bill passed requires Royal Assent to become law. It is the
ultimate legislative authority in the United Kingdom since the devolved