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2021年1月29日发(作者：路不同不相为谋)




Harmony of Human and Nature




天人合一





〖
Zhuangzhou Dreamed a Butterfly
〗





One day at sunset
，
Zhuangzi dozed off and dreamed that he turned
into a butterfly
．
He flapped his wings and made sure enough he was a
butterfly
．
He
had
such
a
joyful
feeling
as
he
fluttered
about
that
he
completely forgot that he was Zhuangzi
．
Soon though
，
he realized that
proud butterfly was really Zhuangzi who dreamed he was a butterfly
．
Or
was it a butterfly who dreamed he was Zhuangzi?




Maybe
Zhuangzi
was
the
butterfly
，
and
maybe
the
butterfly
was
Zhungzi? This is what is meant by the
“
transformation of things
．
”





庄周梦蝶





一天，
落日时分，< br>庄子梦见自己变成一只蝴蝶。
他扑打扑打翅膀，
确信自己已经变成一只蝴蝶。
这 时他十分惬意，
飘飘然竟完全忘记了
自己是庄子。一会儿醒来，
他明白了，那只骄傲的 蝴蝶正是梦见自己
变成蝴蝶的庄子。或许是蝴蝶做梦自己变成了庄子也未可知。





庄子是蝴蝶
?
亦或蝴蝶是庄子
?
这 正是所谓的“事物转换”的道理
啊
!




〖
A Fond Dream of Nanke
〗





In the Tang Dynasty
，
there lived a person called Chun Yufen
．
One
day
，
his
friends
came
to
celebrate
his
birthday
，
and
Chun
Yufen
was
drinking
under
an
old
pagoda
tree
．
When
he
became
drunk
，
he
fell
asleep
．
Suddenly
，
Chun Yufen met with two atomies who took him into a
giant hole in the tree
，
having a ride to the great Kingdom of Pagoda
．
Chun
Yufen found himself in a fairy world with many red gates
，
magnificent
palaces
，
luxuriant pavilions and beautiful gardens
．





南柯一梦





在中国唐朝，有个人叫淳于棼 。一天他过生日，在门前大槐树下
摆下宴席和朋友饮酒作乐，好不快活。喝醉了之后，他便睡着了。迷< br>迷糊糊之中，
他突然感觉有两个使者请他上车，
马车朝大槐树下一个
树洞驶去， 驶向“槐安国”
。


他发现树洞里另有一番仙境。有许多
朱红色的 大门，
大门里面是华丽的宫殿，
周围是亭台楼阁和美丽的花
园。





The
king
appreciated
him
very
much
so
that
he
was
named
the
mayor of Nanke
，
a small town in the Kingdom
．
Soon after
，
he married the
king
’
s beautiful daughter
．
Chun Yufen was so happy with the life there
that
he
totally
forgot
his
hometown
．
Twenty
years
passed
，
and
Chun
Yufen
stayed
as
the
very
successful
mayor
of
Nanke
and
raised
a
big
family of five sons and two daughters
．





国王非常欣赏淳 于棼，封他为“南柯郡太守”
。后来，国王还将
公主许配给他。淳于棼与公主过得非常幸福以致 完全忘了自己的家

乡。淳于棼上任南柯郡太守后，前后二十年的时间，把南柯郡治理得
井井有条，还和公主生了五个儿子，两个女儿。





However,
the
kingdom
was
invaded
by
another
country
and
Chun
Yufen had to lead the troops to hold out the enemies
．
Unfortunately
，
his
troops were defeated and his wife died
．
Chun Yufen decided to leave the
Kingdom of Pagoda
．
He was sent home by the 2 atomies. As soon as he
arrived home
，
he woke up to realize what had happened was just a dream.
It was only a short nap
，
even though in his dream he had experienced a
whole 20 years of life
．





Chun
Yufen
’
s

friends
were
interested
in
his
dream.
They
looked
down
the
tree
and
found
an
ant
nest
connected
to
a
smaller
nest
in
the
south direction. Obviously
，
these nests explained what
“
Pagoda Kingdom
”
and
“
Nanke
”
really were!




不料，有个国家突然入侵，淳于棼不得不率兵 迎击，不过他还是
打了败仗。这时公主又不幸去世了。淳于棼决定离开“槐安国”
，仍
是由

两名使者送行。淳于棼回到家中，突然惊醒过来，原来是一场梦。不
过是小睡一 会儿，而梦中经历却整整二十年。





淳于棼把梦境 告诉朋友，
大家感到十分有趣，
一齐找到大槐树下，
挖出一个很大的蚂蚁洞，旁边有孔 ，通向南边树枝，那里有一个小蚂

蚁洞。很显然，这就是所谓的“南柯郡”
、
“槐安国”
！





〖
The Penumbras and the Shadow
〗





The penumbras asked the shadow
，
“
A moment ago you were looking
down and now you are looking up
；
a moment ago your hair was tied up
and now it is hanging loose
；
a moment ago you were sitting and now you
are standing
；
a moment ago you were walking and now you are standing
still
．
How is all this?
”





罔两问影





虚影问影子说：
“你先前低着头现在仰起头，先前 束着发髻现在
披着头发，先前坐着现在站起，先前行走现在停下来，这是什么原因
呢
?
”





The shadow said
，
“
Gentlemen
，
why do you bother asking me such
trifling questions? I do these things but I don
’
t know why
．
Am I like the
shell of a cicada or am I like the slough of a snake? I look like the real
thing
，
but I am not the real thing
．
I appear with the flame or the sun
，
but
fade with the shade or the night
．



影子同答：
“你为什么拿这样微不足道 的事情烦我呢
?
我就是这样地
随意运动，我自己也不知道为什么会是这样。我，就如同 寒蝉蜕下来
的壳、蛇蜕下来的皮，跟那本体事物相似却又不是那事物本身。火光
与阳光使我显现 ，阴暗与黑夜使我隐形。





Do I depend on the real thing? But the real thing itself has to depend
on something else! when the real thing comes
，
I come with it; when the
real thing goes, I go with it; when the real thing moves to and fro
，
I move
to and fro with it. What is there to ask
about?”





我依赖有形的事物吗< br>?
而有形的事物又依赖什么呢
?
有形的物体
到来我便随之而来，
有形的物体离去我也随之而去，
有形的物体俳徊
不定我就随之不停地运动。这有什么可问的呢
?
”





〖
Lips Gone
，
Teeth Cold
〗





The King of Jin was going to attack Guo
，
a state on the other side of
Jin
’
s neighbor country Yu
．
The Jin troops had to have Y
u
’
s permission to
go
through
its
territory
，

which
，
most
likely
，
the
King
of
Yu
would
refuse
．
The King of Jin could not work out a plan
．
One day
，
Xun Xi
，
one of his ministers
，
put forward a suggestion
，
“
Your Majesty
，
if you send
your most precious gifts to the King of Yu
，
he will probably be bribed
into giving consent
．
”





唇亡齿寒





晋国的国君想要攻打虢国，
但隔着一个虞国，
讨伐虢国必须经过
虞 地。对此，虞国的国君可能会拒绝。晋君一直没能想出个好办法。
一天，大臣荀息献计说：
“大 王，如果您能将珍宝献给虞国，他不会
不答应借道的。
”





The
King
of
Jin
looked
reluctant
，
so
Xun
Xi
said
，
“
Even
if
he
accepts the gifts
，
it doesn
’
t mean that he possesses them
，
as they will soon
be taken back by us
．
Then what is there to be worried about?
”
Thus the
King of Jin took up his plan
．





晋献公一听有点舍不得，荀息就说：
“即使他接受了礼物，也 不
意味着他就会拥有它们，很快，我们还会把它们拿回来的。您担心什
么呢
?
”晋献公采纳了荀息的计策。





The King of Yu agreed at once as soon as he saw the gifts. But Gong
Zhiqi
，
a minister of Yu
，
took objection to it
，
saying
，
“
Guo is our neighbor
country
，
our reliable friend, and the relationship between us is just like
that between lips and teeth. As an old saying goes,
‘
when the lips are gone
，
the teeth will feel cold
’
，
so will our country be in danger when Guo is
conquered
．
If
we
let
the
Jin
troops
pass
，
the
gap
between
Guo's
destruction and ours is only a period of morning to evening
．
”
But Gong
’
s advice was rejected. What happened thereafter just proved what Gong
had said.




虞国 国君见到礼物，
当时就满口答应下来。
虞国大夫宫之奇听说
后，赶快阻止道：
“虢国是虞国的近邻，有事可以彼此帮助，我们之
间就好像嘴唇和牙齿之间的关系。俗话说：
‘ 唇亡齿亡’
，万一虢国灭
了，我们虞国也就难保了。
如果我们借道给晋国，那么虢国和 虞国的
灭亡就是旦夕之间的事了。
”但虞国国君没有听从宫之奇的劝说，结
果不久晋国 就灭掉了虢国和虞国。





〖
Perfectly Impartial
〗





King Jin
Pinggong once
asked
his
minister
Qi
Huangyang
，
“
I
am
going
to
appoint
a
magistrate
and
send
him
to
govern
Nanyang
County
．
Who do you think will fit the of-fice?
”





Qi answered without hesitation
，
“
Xie Hu may be the choice
．
”





The
King
feit
surprised
and
said
，
“
Isn
’
t
Xie
Hu
your
personal
enemy?
”





大公无私





晋平公有一次问大臣祁黄羊说 ：
“南阳县缺个县长，你看，应该
派谁去当比较合适呢
?
”





祁黄羊毫不迟疑地同答说：
“解狐。
”





平公惊奇地问：
“解狐不是你的仇人吗
?
”





“
Yes
，
”
Qi replied
，
“
but Your Majesty
，
you ask me who will fit the
post
，
not who is my enemy
．
”





So
Xie
Hu
took
office
，
and
he
did
do
a
lot
of
good
things
for
common people in
：
Nanyang County
．





Some time later when the King inquired who could take command
of the army
，
Qi responded readily
，
“
Qi Wu is most suited
．
”





The King was puzzled again
，
said
，
“
Well
，
I wonder if Qi Wu is your
son
．
”





祁黄羊回答说：
“是的，但陛下问我谁合适，并没有问谁是我 的
仇人呀
!
”





于是，解狐就被派到南阳县上任了。到任后，他确实为百姓办了
许多好事。





过了一些日子，
当平公需要一个人去指挥军队的时候，
祁黄羊说：
“祁午能够胜任。
”





平公又奇怪起来了，问道：
“祁午不是你的儿子吗
?
”





“
Yes
，
he is
，
”
Qi answered
，
“
but what has that to do with the point
at this issue? Your Majesty
，
you just ask who is competent as a general
，
and I aired my opinion
．
”





So Qi Wu was appointed a general
，
which later proved one of the
wisest appoint- ments
．





Hearing
about
this
，
Confucius
spoke
highly
of
Qi
for
his
recommendation in consid-eration of one
’
s virtue and talent
，
brushing
aside any thought of whether one was his en- emy or relative
．
He said that
it was really perfectly impartial
．





祁黄羊说：
“是的，
但这和推荐有什么关系呢
?
您只问我 谁可以胜
任，我就表达了我的想法。
”





平公就派了祁午去做指挥官，
他的表现，
证明了这是一个最明智
的选择。




孔子听到这两件事，
十分赞赏祁黄羊
“内举不避亲，
外举不避仇”
的荐才标准，并且说：
“这才够得上‘大公无私’呀< br>!
”





〖
Every Word Counts
〗





During
the
Warring
States
Period
，
the
troops
of
the
State
of
Qin
surrounded
Han
Dan
city
，
the
capital
of
the
State
of
Zhao
，
and
the
situation was very critical
．
So the King of Zhao sent Lord Ping Yuan to
the
State
of
Chu
for
help
．
Lord
Ping
Yuan
intended
to
lead
twenty
assistants
to
accomplish
this
mission
．
Nineteen
qualified
people
were
select-ed
，
and one more was needed
．
At this time
，
Mao Sui volunteered
to forward a plea to go with Lord Ping Yuan
．
Although Lord Ping Yuan
was dubious about his capability
，
he still asked Mao Sui to go with them
in the end
．





一言九鼎





战国时，
秦国的军队团团包围了赵国的都城邯郸，
形 势十分危急，
赵国国君派平原君到楚国去求援。
平原君打算带领二十名门客前去完
成这 项使命。已挑了十九名，尚少一个定不下来。这时，毛遂自告奋
勇提出要去，
平原君虽然对他的 能力有所怀疑，
但最终还是带着他一
起前往了楚国。





As soon as Lord Ping Yuan arrived in the State of Chu
，
he started to
lobby for Chu
’
s support
，
but made no progress
．
Accordingly
，
Mao Sui
said to the King of Chu
，
“
We come here to ask you to send relief forces
，
but
you did
not utter
a
word
．
Please
don
’
t
for- get
，
although
you
are
stronger than us
，
you have lost many battles and even your capital. From
my point of view
，
uniting Zhao against Qin is more urgent for you
．
”
Mao
Sui
’
s comments made the King of Chu State sincerely convinced
，
and
promised to send refief forces immediately
．




平原君到了楚国后，立即与楚王谈及“援赵”之事，谈了半天也
毫无结果。这时，毛遂对楚王说：< br>“我们来请你派兵援助，你却一言
不发。别忘了，虽然楚国比赵国强大，却连连吃败仗，连国都也 丢掉
了，依我看，楚国比赵国更需要联合起来抗秦呀
!
”毛遂的一席话说
得楚 王心服口服，立即答应出兵援赵。





After Lord Ping Yuan came back to the State of Zhao
，
he said with
emotion
：
“
Mao Sui
’
s words are more important than nine huge tripods
．
”





平原君回到赵国后感慨地说：
“毛遂的一席话真是重于九鼎大吕。
”





〖
Cast a Brick to Attract Jade
〗





In the Tang Dynasty
，
there were two poets
．
One was called Chang
Jian and the oth-er
，
s name was Zhao Gu
．
Zhao Gu
’
s poems were much
appreciated by Chang Zhao Gu was going to Suzhou
．
When
hearing Zhao Gu would visit Lingyan Temple
，





抛砖引玉









唐代有两个诗人，一个叫常健，一个叫赵嘏。


常健很仰慕赵暇
的 诗才。一次，赵嘏要去苏州。当常健听说他会去灵岩寺时，使先赶
到灵岩，


Chang
Jian
went
there
．
first
and
wrote
two
lines
of
a
poem
on
a
conspeincus
wall
in
hope
of
Zhao
’
s

after,Zhao
Gu
arrived
at
hte

noticed
the
incom-plete
poem
on
the
wall
immediately and completed the poem
．
Chang Jian
’
s first two sen- < br>在一面显眼的墙上题写了两行诗，
希望赵嘏看到后能续成一首。
不久
赵嘏到了灵 岩寺，他一眼就看到了墙上不完整的诗，便续上一两行，


tences were not as good as Zhao Gu
’
s
，
but he stimulated Zhao to write
down
excellent ones
．
People
call
it
an
action
of
“
to
casting a
brick to
attract jade
”
，
which refers to putting forth one
’
s superficial suggestion or
article in order to draw out others
’
better views or works
．

将诗补充完整。常健的诗没有赵嘏写得好，却能引出赵嘏的佳句。后
来的人，就把这种做法叫作“抛砖引 玉”
，以此比喻用粗浅的意见或
文章引发别人发表更高明的见解或作品。





〖
A Sigh of River
〗





At the time of autumn floods when hundreds of streams poured into
the Yellow Riv-er
．
the torrents were so violent that it was impossible to
distinguish an ox from a horse from the other side of the river
．
Then the
River God was overwhelmed with joy
，
feeling that all the beauty under
the heaven belonged to him alone
．
Down the river he traveled east until
he reached the North Sea
．
Looking eastwards at the boundless expanse of
wa- ter
，
he changed his countenance and sighed to the Sea God
，
saying
，
“
As the popular say-ing goes
，
‘
There are men who have heard a little
about Tao but still think that no one can surpass them
．
’
I am one of such
men
．
”





望洋兴叹





秋汛的 季节到了，无数条溪流汇入黄河，河水猛涨，河面宽得连
对岸的牛马都辨不清。这样一来，河伯就洋洋自 得起来了，以为世界
上

所有壮丽的景色都集中在自己身上了。
他顺看河水向 东行，
一直来到
北海，向东一望，一片辽阔的大海，看不见水的边际。这时，河伯才
改 变了他骄傲的神态，望着海洋感慨地说：
“俗话说‘有人的只学到
分之一的道理，就以为谁也比 不上自己’
，我正是这样的人啊！
”




Nature of Doctrine and law




道法自然





〖
Make Dresses according to Measurements
〗





It
’
s said that in the past days there was a tailor in Beijing
he made dresses for people
，
apart from asking their size
，
he also would
like to ask the customers
’
disposition
，
age
，
the time when they passed the
imperial examination and so on
．
The




量体裁衣





传说以前北京城里 有个裁缝，
在替人做衣服时，
除了量身材尺寸
外，还要询问对方的性情、年纪以及中举 时间等等。人们感到奇怪，


folks felt strange and asked him why
．
He said
，
“
If a man passed the
imperial examination at a young age
，
he must become arrogant
，
and hold
his
head
high
when
he
walks
，
so
I
need
to
make
the
front
of
clothes
longer than the back
；
on the contrary
，
a man who passed the imperial
examination at an old age will not feel so excited
．
He always be
问他为什么要这样。他说：如果是青年 中举，必定性情骄傲，走起路
来抬头挺胸，因此衣服要做得前长后短；如果是老年中举，大都没那


his back when walking,so the front of his clothes should be made a little
bit

quick
temper
prefers
shorter
clothes
；
whereas
the
slow
temper
prefers longer
clothes.
”

Later
，
this idiom
describes
somebody
who can deal with different problems according to different situations.
么兴奋，走路不免弯腰曲背，衣服就要做得前短后长；性情急躁的，
衣服要做得短；性子慢的，衣服应做得长些。后来“量体裁衣”这个
成语泛指人们根据具体的情况处理问 题。






〖
Duke Lu Raised a Seabird
〗





A seabird was once seen perching on the city gate of the capital of
Lu
．
Nobody had seen such a bird before
，
so they called it the
“
holy bird
．
”





鲁侯养鸟





从前有只海鸟，< br>在鲁国城门上栖息。
因为从来没有人见过这种鸟，
所以人们都叫它“神鸟”
。< br>




Duke Lu ordered his men to capture the seabird alive
．
They kept it in
a golden cage and brought it to the Imperial Ancestral Temple
．
Duke Lu
treated the seabird as though it were his guest of honor
．
Each day there
would be banquets where dainties and delicacies of every kind would be
offered to the seabird
．
Even the Duke Lu
’
s musicians had to per-form for
the seabird
’
s sole amusement
．





鲁侯命侍从活捉海鸟。
侍从将海鸟关在金笼内，
并放 在太庙里供
养。鲁侯视海鸟如国宾。每天都有各式各样的珍馐百味供海鸟

品尝，甚至鲁侯的乐师，也要为海鸟演奏。





But
the
seabird
was
terrified
by
all
this

became
so
frightened
and
sad
that
it
dared
not
eat
or
drink
．
After
three
days,it
Lu thought that he had beena good host to his guest
．
Why not?

He was treating the seabird the same way he treated himself.




可是，海鸟却被这些豪华排场所吓倒，心里既惊慌又悲痛，不敢
饮食，过了三天，终于死去。鲁侯以为他款待海鸟已十分周到。可不
是

吗？他是用对待自己的方法去对待海鸟的。





〖
Grappling between a Snipe and a Clam
〗





A
clam
was
lying
on
the
edge
of
the
water
with
her
shell
open
to
enjoy
the
sun.
The
sweet
flesh
Of
the
clam
attracted
a
snipe
strolling
along the river bank.




鹬蚌相争





一只河蚌躺在河滩上张开壳儿 晒太阳。
河蚌鲜美的肉吸引了一只
沿着河岸散步的鹬鸟。





The snipe at once pounced on the clam and pecked her flesh
．
Swiftly
the
clam
folded
her
shell
and
clamped
down
on
the
snipe
’
s
bill
tightly
．
Then each one was handicapped by the other
，
and neither could
move an inch
．
The snipe sneered
，
“
If it doesn
’
t rain for a couple of days
，
let
’
s wait to see what will become of you!
”
The clam retort,
“
Surely in the
same time you will either starve to death or thirst to death
．
”





鹬鸟立刻扑过 来啄河蚌的肉，
蚌灵敏地合拢了自己坚硬的壳，
把
鹬鸟尖尖的长嘴紧紧夹住。
现在，
他们都被对方钳制住了，
动弹不得。
鹬

对蚌说：
“ 今天不下雨，
明天不下雨，
你就会晒死。
”
蚌也对鹬说：
“你
的嘴今天拔不出，明天拔不出，你就要渴死饿死
!
”





So they argued and abused each other for quite a long time
，
neither
ready to give in
．
Just then
，
a fisherman happened to pass by. He saw the
snipe
and
the
clam
，
and
to
his
delight
，
he
caught
them
both
with
the
greatest ease
．





鹬和蚌就这样争吵咒骂了半 天，谁也不肯让步。这时，一个渔翁
碰巧打这儿经过，看到这一情景，十分高兴，跑过去毫不费力地把他
们都捉住了。





〖
Ready Images of Bamboo in Bosom
〗





Wen
Tong
who
styled
himself
Yuke
was
an
artist
in
the
Song
Dynasty. He enjoyed widespread renown for his bamboo painting
．
Every
day many people always called at his home to ask for his paintings
．
What
was
his
knack
of
painting
bamboos?
Actually
，
wen
Tong
had
grown
various bamboos everywhere around his house. No matter what season it
was
and
no
matter
whether
it
was
sunny
or
rainy
，
he
often
went
to
observe how they




胸有成竹





宋代画家文同，字与可。他画的竹子远近闻名，每天总有许多人
登门求画。文同画竹 的妙诀在哪里呢
?
原来，文同在自己家的房前屋
后

种上了各种竹子。无论春夏秋冬，阴晴风雨，他都经常去观察竹子


were growing. He pondered over the length and breadth of the bamboo
poles as well as the shapes and colors of the leaves
．
Whenever he had
gained
a
new
understanding,
he
went
back
to
his
study
and
drew
what
was in his mind on the paper
．
Over a long period of time
，
the images of
bamboos in different seasons
，
under different weather conditions and at
different moments were deeply imprinted in his mind
．
So whenever he
stood before the paper and picked up a painting brush with concentrated
attention
，
the
various
forms
of
the
bamboos
which
he
had
observed
at
ordinary days at once rose before his eyes
．
Therefore every time he was
painting bamboos he appeared confident and at ease, and all the bamboos
he had painted were very vivid and true to life
．

的生长变化情况，琢磨竹枝的长短粗细，叶子的形态、颜色。每当有新的感受就回到书房，把心中的印象画在纸上。日积月累，竹子在不

同季节、不同天气、 不同时辰的形象都深深地印在他的心中，只要凝
神提笔，
在画纸前一站，
平日观察到的 各种形态的竹子立刻浮现在眼

前。所以每次画竹，他都很从容自信，画出的竹子，无不逼真传神。





The poet Chao Buzhi who had made a profound study of Wen Tong
’
s art of paintings wrote
：
“
When Yuke was painting bamboos
，
he had their
images ready in his bosom.
”





The
idiom
indicates
having
ready
plans
or
designs
in
one’s
mind
before doing a certain job so that its success is guaranteed.




诗人晁补之对文同的画很有研究，曾写下诗句：
“与可画竹，胸
中有成竹。
”





“胸有成竹”
比喻做事之前已作好充分准备，
对成功十分有把握。





〖
Old Horse Knows the Way
〗





During the Spring and Autumn Period
，
King Huan of Qi invaded the
State of Guzhu
．





The army was stuck in Guzhu for a whole year
．
Spring passed and
winter came
．

When Qi
’
s soldiers finally conquered Guzhu
，
they got lost
and couldn
’
t find their way back to the State of Qi
．





Qi
’
s minister Guan Zhong came up with an idea
．
He let the soldiers
take
out
sever-al
old
horses
to
lead
the
way
．
The
army
followed
the
horses closely
，
and finally made their way out of Guzhu and back to their
homeland
．





老马识途





春秋时期，齐国国王齐桓公带兵攻打孤竹国。




< br>齐国大军在孤竹国困了整整一年的时间。
春去冬来，
当齐军终于
打败了孤竹国的 时候，
却发现他们迷失了方向，
找不到回齐国的路了。





这时候，
大臣管仲想出了个办法。
他让士兵牵出几匹老马在前面
带路。
大军紧紧地跟在后面，
就这样终于走出了孤竹国，
回到了故乡。





〖
Impossible to Carve in Rotten Wood
〗





Confucius
is
a
great
educationist
during
the
Spring
and
Autumn
Period
．
One of his students appeared impressive in every word he said
which was closely reasoned and well argued
．
Confucius thought that this
student would make great achievements in the future
．

But before long
the student exposed his laziness
．





朽木难雕





孔子是 春秋时期一位伟大的教育家。
他有一个学生，
说起话来头
头是道，
很有自己的 理论和见解。
孔子以为这个学生日后会有很大的
成就。可不久后，这个学生就暴露出懒惰的毛病 。





One
day
he
was
sleeping
soundly
in
his
room
as
Confucius
was
giving lessons
．
Con-fucius felt very sorry at it and said
：
“
It is impossible
to carve in rotten wood
．
The same goes for painting walls made of dung
and dirt
．
What he says doesn
’
t aword with what he does
．
He has taught
me a lesson that I should value a student through his practical con-duct
instead of his words
．
”





有一天，孔子 在给学生讲课，这个学生却在房间里睡大觉。孔子
知道后很难过，他说：
“朽烂的木头是不能雕 刻的，粪土一样的墙壁
是

粉刷不了的。
那是一个说话与行为不一致的学生。
他给了我一个教训：
我应该以实际行为而不是言谈来评价学生”
。





Later,people use this phrase “Xiu Mu Nan Diao”(impossible to carve
in
rotten
wood)to
describe
a
hopeless
person
who
is
not
likely
to
be
improved by education.




后来，人们用这个成语“朽木难雕”比喻那难以教化、不能造就
成才的人。





immense image without Shape




大象无形





〖
Never Trust Appearance
〗





In
the
State
of
Zhao
，
there
was
once
a
scholar
by
the
name
of
Gongsun Long
．
“
I don
’
t keep company with people who have no talents
，
”
he
told
his

day
a
man
dressed
in
rags
came
up
to
him
saying
，
“
Please take me as your disciple.
”
After looking the man up and
down
，
Gongsun Long said
，
“
Tell me about your talents.
”





不可貌相





赵国有个学者名字叫公孙龙。他曾对弟子说：
“我 不会和没有本
领的人交往。
”一天，有个衣衫褴褛的人，走上前对他说：
“请您收我< br>做

徒弟吧
!

”公孙龙打量了那人一番，问道：
“你有何本领
?
”





“
Well,
”
said the man
，
“
I have a loud voice which can travel very
far
．
”
Is there any-one among you who has a loud voice?
”
Gongsun Long
asked his disciples
．
“
No
，
sir!
”

they n Long took the man
as his disciple
．
His other disciples were laugh- ing
．
“
What is the use of a
loud voice?
”
they sneered
．





那人回答说：
“我有一个洪亮的嗓音，它能传得很远。
”公孙龙 问
弟子道：
“你们当中有没有声音洪亮的
?
”弟子回答说：
“没
有。
”于是公孙龙收那人做徒弟。其他弟子窃窃私语，还嘲笑道：
“声
音洪亮有什么用
?
”





A few days later
，
Gongsun Long and his disciples had to make a trip
to the State of Yan
．
They had to cross a wide river
．
However
，
there was
only
one
boat
lying on the
dis-tant shore
．
Gongsun
Long told
his new
disciple to prove his man gladly heed-ed the request and yelled
loudly
．
Very soon the boat was rowed over to ferry them all.




过了几天，公孙龙和弟子们要到燕国去。他们来到一条大河前，
可是岸边却没有渡船，
只有一艘船停泊在远远的对岸。
公孙龙就令新
弟
< br>了施展其技。新弟子欣然答允，便大喊一声。很快，那艘渡船就划了
过求，载他们渡河去。





〖
Two Concubines
〗





Yangzi went to the State of Song and spent the night in an inn
．
The
innkeeper had two concubines
．
One was very beautiful
；
the other was
very ugly
．
The ugly one was fa-vored
；
the beautiful one
，
on the contrary
，
was not favored
．
Yangzi asked why this was
．
The innkeeper replied
，
“
The
beautiful concubine considers herself very beautiful
，
but I certainly do not
think she is beautiful
．
The ugly concubine considers herself very ugly but
I certainly do not think she is ugly
．
”
Yangzi said
，
“
Disciples
，
remember
these words
，
if a person can do virtuous deeds while ridding himself of
any feelings of conceit
，
then where could he go without being welcomed?
”





逆旅二妾





阳子到宋国去，住 在旅馆里。旅馆的主人有两个姨太太，一个很
美丽，另一个很丑陋。丑的受宠，美的反倒不受宠。阳子问 店主为什

么会是这样，店主回答说：
“那个美的觉得她自己很美，可是我并不
感到她美；那个丑的觉得她自己很丑，可是我并不感到她丑。
”阳子
说：

“徒弟们记住这句话，
要是一个人做高尚的事，
又没有觉得自己很高
尚的心理，那么他 到哪儿都会受到欢迎的。
”





〖
The Frog in the Shallow Well
〗





A
frog
who
lived
in
a
shallow
well
met
a
turtle
who
lived
in
the
sea
．
The Frog said
，
“
I am so happy!When I go out
．
I jump about on the
railing beside the well
．
When I come home
，
I rest in the holes on the
broken
wall
of
the
well
．
If
I
jump
into
the
water
，
it
comes
up
to
my
armpits and holds up my cheeks
．
If I walk in the mud
，
it cover up my
feet
．
I look around at the wriggly worms
，
crabs and tadpoles
，
and none
of them can compare with




井底之蛙





一只青蛙住在井里。
有一天，
青蛙在井边遇上了一只从海里来的
大龟。青蛙就对大龟夸口说：
“你看，我住在这里多么快乐啊
!
高兴的
时

候，可以在井栏边跳跃玩耍；疲倦的时候，就回到井里睡在砖洞里。
如果我跳入 水中，水流穿过我的腋窝，支撑我的头部。如果我在泥地
上走，泥浆便盖过我的脚面。我看看周围的蚯蚓 啦、螃蟹啦、还有蝌
蚪


me
．
Moreover
，
I am the lord of this trough of water and I stand tall in
this shallow well
．

My happiness is full
．
My dear turtle
，
why don
’
t you
come often and take a look around my place?
”





Before the turtle from the sea could get its left foot in the well
，
its
right knee got stuck
．
It hesitated and retreated
．
The turtle told the frog
：

等，他们哪里能跟我比呢
?

我是这个井里的主人，自由自在的好不
逍遥快乐
!

亲爱的海龟，你常到我的井里来游玩吧
!
”





大龟试着把它的左脚伸进井里去，
但是右腿已经被绊住了。
它踟
躇 着退却下来，对青蛙说：





“
Have
you
seen
the
sea
before?Even
a
distance
of
a
thousand
li
cannot give you an idea of the sea
’
s width
；
even a height of a thousand
zhang cannot give you an idea of its depth
．
In the time of the Xia Dynasty
，
there were floods nine years out of ten
，
but the wa-ters in the sea did not
increase
much
．
In
the
time
of
the
Shang
Dynasty
there
were
droughts
seven
Years
out
of
eight
，
but
the
waters
in
the
sea
did
not
decrease
real happiness is to live in the sea
．
”



Hearing
these
words
．
the
frog
of the
shallow
well
was
shocked
into
realizing his own insignificance
．





“你见过大海吗
?
海的广大，何止千里；海的深度， 何止千丈。
夏朝的时候，每十年中有九年发大水，但是海里的水并不涨；到后来
商
< br>朝，
每八年中有七年大旱，
海里的水，
也没有少了多少。
住在大海里，
才是真正的快乐呢
!
”





青蛙听了海龟的话，吃惊不小，开始认识到自己的浅薄和无知。





〖
Yu Gong Removed the Mountains
〗





Taihang
and
Wangwu
are
two
mountains
，
with
an
area
of
seven
hundred square li and a great height of thousands of zhang.




North
of
the
mountains
lived
an
old
man
called
Yugong
who
was
nearly ninety vears old
．
Since his home faced the two mountains
，
he was
troubled by the fact that they blocked the way of the inhabitants who had
to take a roundabout gathered his families together to discuss the
matter
．
“
Let
us
do
everything
in
our
power
to
flatten
these
forbidding
mountains so that there is a direct route to the south of Yuzhou reaching
the
southem
bank
of
the
Han
River
．
What
do
you
say?
”
Everyone
applauded his suggestion.




愚公移山





太行、王屋两座山，方圆七百里，高数万丈。




< br>北山住着一个名叫愚公的老人，
年纪将近九十岁了。
他的家门正
面对着这两座大 山。愚公苦于道路阻塞，出去进来都要绕远路，便召
集全家人商量说：
“我和你们尽力挖平两座 大山，直通到豫州南部，
到达汉水南岸，好吗
?
”大家纷纷表示赞同。





Therefore
，
Yugong took three sons and grandsons who could carry a
load on their shoulders
．
They broke up rocks and dug up mounds of earth
which were transported to the edge of the Bo Sea in baskets
．





An
old
man
called
Zhisou
who
lived
in
Hequ
，
near
a
bank
of
a
branch of the Yellow River
，
was amused and dissuaded Yugong
，
“
How
can you be so foolish?With your ad-vanced years and the little strength
that
you
have
left
，
you
cannot
even
destroy
a
blade
of
grass
on
the
mountain
，
not to speak of its earth and stone
．
”





愚公于是带领子孙中能挑担子的三个儿子和孙子们干了起来。
凿
石头，挖泥土，用畚箕运送到渤海的边上。





住在 黄河支流边河曲的一个名字叫智叟的老人笑着阻止愚公说：
“你怎么那么傻呀，
凭你的有生之年 和余力，
尚不能毁掉山上的草木，
更不用说泥土和石头啦
!
”





Yugong heaved a long sigh
．
“
Though I die
，
my son lives
follow sons and grandsons follow sons
．
My sons and grandsons go on and
on without end
，
but the moun-tains will not grow in size
．
Then why worry
about
not
being
able
to
flatten
them?
”

Zhisou
of
Hequ
was
bereft
of
speech
．





God was movedby Yugong
’
s sincerity and commanded the two sons
of Kua
’
eshi to carry away the two mountains on their backs
：
one was put
east
of
Shuozhou
and
the
other
south
of
Yongzhou
．
From
that
time
onwards
no
mountain
stood
between
the
south
of
Yuzhou
and
the
southern bank of the Han River.
愚公长叹一声说：
“即使我死了，还有儿子在呀；儿子又生孙子，孙
子 又生儿子；子子孙孙没有穷尽的，可是山不会增高加大，何愁挖不
平它们呢
?
”河曲智 叟没有话来回答。





天帝被愚公的诚心感动，命令夸娥氏的两个儿子背走两座山，
一
座放在朔州的东部，
一座放在雍州的南部。
从此以后，
从豫州的南部，
直

到汉水的南面，再也没有大山挡路了。





〖
Showing off One
’
s Skill before Lu Ban
〗





In ancient times
，
Lu Ban was supposed to be a consummate master
in
construction
and
sculpture
．
Carpenters
respect
him
as
their
ancestor
master
．
It is said that he once carved a colorful wooden phoenix that was
so
lifelike
that
it
actually
flew
in
the
sky
for
three
days
．
Thus
it
was
considered the height of folly to show off one
’
s skill with an axe in front
of Lu Ban
．





This
idiom
excoriates
those
who
show
off
their
slight
accomplishments in front of experts
．





班门弄斧





从古代时起，
鲁班被认为是一个建筑与雕塑方面的艺术大师，
木
匠 们把鲁班奉为他们的始祖。
据说，
他曾经惟妙惟肖地雕刻出一个木
凤

凰，
木凤凰栩栩如生竟然真的在天上飞了三天。
谁敢在鲁班面前卖弄
使用斧子的技术 ，也就是说，想在大行家面前显示自己的本领，被

人们认为是十分荒唐可笑的行为。





这个成语用来讽刺那些在专家面前卖弄的人。





〖
Mr
．
Dong Guo
〗





Mr
．
Dongguo
was
a
very
kind
scholar
who
enjoyed
helping
day
，
Mr. Dongguo was walking on the road
，
carrying a full
bag of books
．
Suddenly
，
he saw a wolf running towards him
．
The wolf
said to Mr
．
Dongguo
，
“
Help
，
pl ease!Somebody wants to kill me
．
”





东郭先生




东郭先生是一个仁慈的学者，很乐于助人。一天，他背着书袋在
路上走着。忽然，从后面跑来一只狼 。狼对东郭先生说：
“先生，

救救我吧
!
有人要杀我
!
”





So Mr
．
Dongguo took the books out of the bag
，
and let the wolf get
in
．
Soon
，
a man came and asked
，
“
Is there a wolf here?
”
Mr
．
Dongguo
said
，
“
No
，
there isn
’
t
．
”





After
the
man
went
away
，
the
wolf
cried
，
“
Let
me
out!
”
Mr
．
Dongguo let the wolf out
，
but the wolf said
，
“
Mr
．
Dongguo
，
I
’
m hungry
，
I must eat you!
”





At this moment
，
a farmer came along
．
Mr
．
Dongguo told him what
happened and asked him for heip
．
However
，
the wolf said to the farmer
，
“
Mr
．
Dongguo put me into his bag
．
which almost choked me
．
Shouldn
’
t I eat him?
”





于是东郭先生倒出口袋里的书，把狼藏了进去。


不一会儿，一
个人找了来，问东郭先生：
“看见一只狼没有
?”东郭先生说：
“我

没看见。
”





猎人走了，狼在口袋里喊到：
“让我出去
!
”东郭先生 把它放了出
来。狼嚷道：
“我要饿死了，东郭先生，我要吃了你
!
”





这时有个农夫走过来。
东郭先生急忙把事情的经过 告诉他，
求他
救命。狼却对农夫说：
“他把我装进口袋，差点把我闷死。我不应该
吃他吗
?
”

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