猜测词义技巧练习
绝世美人儿
623次浏览
2021年01月29日 22:45
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐
调职申请书-社团活动总结
猜测词义技巧练习
姓名：
日期：
重难点讲解
猜测词义的能力不光在 考试时很重要，就连我们平时阅读英语文章时也很用得着哦。就象我们在看中
文的文章时，并不是一碰到 生词就去查字典，而是根据语境去猜测生词的。我们读英语文章时，也应养成
这样的习惯和能力。
技巧训练：要想提高猜测词义的能力，我们可从以下七个方法下意识地进行阅读。
1.
根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义在
be
，
be
called
，
call
等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部
分，猜测生 词的含义。例如：
（
1
）
A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.
（
2
）
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
你能猜出斜体部分单词的意思吗？
mosquito
是“蚊子”，
carpenter
是“木匠”。怎么样？不难吧？
有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如：
His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
不难猜出，
zoologist
就是“动物学家”
的意思。
当看到文中的破折号“—”时，我们也应该留点神，因为它也可引出起解释说明作用
的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。如：
Some
organizations
of
United
Nations
prefer
to
take
on
Polyglots
as
their
workers
—
those
who
can
understand as well as speak many languages.
这里，
Polyglot
指的是“懂而且会说多种 语言的人”。你猜出来了吗？
2.
根据对比关系猜测生词的词义
在
but
，< br>however
，
yet
，
otherwise
，
t hough
这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显
的对比关系。根据已知的 内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。如：
（
1
）
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, hi
s neck still remains grubby.
grubby
是什么意思呢？和
clean
相对 ，便是“肮脏的”了。
（
2
）
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things his wife, however, is very thrifty.
和
wastes
a lot of money
相对比，
thrifty
就是“节俭的”意思。
3.
通过因果关系猜测词义
because , since
与
as
是连结原因状语从句的从属连词，
so
是连结表示结果的并列 句的
连词，
so...that
与
such...that
中的
that
是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有
生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义。例如：
（
1
）
She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
根据后边的原因，我们就可推测出
trim
就是“修剪”的意思。
right ? Ok, it’s your turn.
看看你能否正确
猜出下句中斜体词的意思。
（
2
）
The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
根据
that
引导的结果状语从句，可以猜出，
turbid
的意思是“浑浊的”。你猜对了吗？
4.
根据生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识， 根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。
下面文字中斜体单词的词义你能猜出来吗？
（
1
）
Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use
their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
（
2
）
Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.
句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：
wings
是“翅膀”；
beaks
是“喙”；
claws
是“爪子”；
wither
表示“ 枯萎”。
5.
根据同等关系猜测词义
1
同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于
同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词
and
或
or
来连接。
例如：（
1
）
At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.
（
2
）
Are people born intelligent or stupid?
你能根据同等关系猜出斜体词的意思吗？
从“年龄
42< br>岁”以及与
prime
具有同等关系的
full of energy
，可以猜出
prime
的意思是“盛年时期”。
从选择连词
or
“还 是”以及与
intelligent
处于同等位置的
stupid
“愚蠢的” 可以猜测
intelligent
是“聪明的”
意思。
6.
根据列举的事例猜测词义
如：
You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or
English Learning.
从后面列举的例子可以猜出
periodical
是“期刊，杂志”的意思。
7.
根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词
词义。如：
The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable.
根据构词法和我们已熟悉的词forget
，我们可以知道
unforgettable
就是“令人难忘
的”意思。
【典型例题】
猜测词义技巧练习
：
根据上 下文推测各题中划线词的词义。
1. John drives too fast , and he often
drives in the middle of the street. He doesn’t watch what
the other cars are doing. He is a reckless driver.
A. very careful
B. very careless
C. very harmful
D. very harmless
2. When Glen finished college
，
he couldn’t find a job. Then his luck ch
anged. A big
engineering company hired him.
A. give him a job
B. paid him
C. told him to stop working
D. told him about his future
3. A computer is a complex machine. It is not simple.
A. simple
B. complicated
C. beautiful
D. expensive
4. Children like to play with water . After it rains , they will walk in every puddle they can find.
A. rainfall
B. water sitting in the street
C. snow
D. a small river
5. Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good health. The child develops red
spots , and feels hot and uncomfortable . A healthy child gets well quickly.
A. a kind of animal
B. a kind of food
C. a kind of childhood disease
D. a lack of pure water
6.
Ali
showed
the
class
a
picture
of
him,
his
wife
,
and
their
baby .
Pierre’s
family
has
lived
in
the
east
of
Canada for two hundred years . Their ancestors came from France.
A. family members from a long time ago.
B. grandparents and their grandchildren.
C. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents.
D. family members all living at the same time
7. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of wood
．
They sell their
carvings to stores and museums
．
A. draw
B. beat
C. heat
D. cut
8. When an army officer gives a command, his men and women must fo1low it.
A. comma
B. order
C. question
D. present
9. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly.
A. children
B. ancestors
C. generations
D. mates
10. There is a stack of papers on Mr.
Green’s desk.
A. piece
B. balance
C. mixture
D. pile
11. I cannot afford a new car. I have to buy a used one.
A. have enough money to buy something
B. search for
2