高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--代词指代题考查解读
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2021年01月29日 23:13
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本文由作者推荐
年会开场词-描写梅花的诗
2020
届二轮复习
阅读理解中词句猜测
-
-
代词指代题考查解读
【题型解读】
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考< br>生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定
语从句中关系代词的指代内容 。设问形式常有：
(1)What
does
the
underlined
word
“this/it/them/which...”
refer to?
(2)The
underlined
part
“it/that/they/which...”
in
Paragraph...refers to “
”．
解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代
第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置
代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容 在这一句的前面一句
中，或者前几句中。
第二步：熟悉代词的含义
(1)it/this/that
可指代一件事。
(2)it/he/them/they/one/those
指上文提到的人或物。
(3)which/that/who
等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定
语从句中
which
可指代前面整句话的内容。
第三步：替换核实再比较
(1)
用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，
核实句意是否合理，
前后内容是
否一致。
(2)
比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
例如：
【真题感悟】中第
26
题，
sharing that
与前面的
shared the
belief
呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；
the
belief
替换
that
后，经核实意义正确，故选
A
项。
【课堂练习】
A
Throughout
the
past
few
years
，
I
have
tried
to give
myself
to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I
found my place while I stayed in Guatemala
，
an orphanage(
孤儿
院
)
，
with
the
children
living
there.
Through
hearing
many
stories
of their lives
，
I was moved to tears and started to question
my living ways and gave up everything that wasn’t essential
：
7
makeup
and
any
other
sort
of
luxury
(
奢侈品
)
．
I
lived
like
they
was the most relaxing feeling in the world.
When
at
Nuestros
Pequenos
Hermanos
，
we
were
given
the
task
8
of
creating
a
pig
pen
.At
first
，
I
thought
it
should
be
arriving
at
the
area
where
the
pig
pen
should
be
，
we
saw
a
were
told
to
1
uproot
the
weeds
as
well
as
level
the
entire
g
at
it
，
we
felt
it
would
be
my
own
faith
journey
，I have felt this type of doubt “hole”，
as we referred to
，
is a symbol of my faith appeared
2
to
be
an
obstacle
I
could
not
overcome
，
but
in
the
end
I
completed
it
with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasn’t easy to
create but
was so rewarding to give.
I’ve
always
struggled
to
be
on
a
journey
of
faith，but
I’ve
never
completely
stepped
foot
onto
the
path
until
Guatemala.I’ve
always
tried
to
open
my
heart
to
everyone
around
me and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heart
and share every bit of love I had with these is
one orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my
Guatemala
，
I
sponsor
with
thirty
dollars
a month
，
but
it
doesn’t
seem
enough.I’ll
return
there
next
summer
a
nd
give
more of my love for a whole month.
When it was time to leave
，
I looked out of the window and
saw not just ordinary l
，
the most significant
accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own
faith journey and not looking back.
语篇解读
本文是一篇记叙文。
文章 主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，
改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。
1
．What resulted in the author’s decision to live a new life?
A
．
Desire to help others.
B
．
Decrease in his income.
C
．A knowledge of the orphans’ life.
D
．
Awareness of the difficulty in his life.
答案
C
解析
细节理解题。根据第一段第 三、四句可知，作者了解到孤儿的
生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。故选
C
。
2
．
What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer
to?
A
．
Removing the doubt.
B
．
Uprooting the weed.
C
．
Starting the faith journey.
D
．
Creating the pig pen.
答案
D
解析
代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“I
feel
this
pig
pen
wasn’t
easy to create but was so rewarding to give.”可以猜测出，
it
代指建造猪圈这件事。故选
D
。
3
．
What did the author think of his experience in Guatemala?
A
．
It was regretful.
B
．
It was meaningful.
C
．
It was interesting.
D
．
It was frightening.
答案
B
解
析
< br>推
理
判
断
题
。
根
据
最
后< br>一
段
中
的
“Overall
，
the
most
significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping
towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推断
出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选
B
。
4
．
What may be the best title for the text?
A
．
A Step into a New World
B
．
An Awful Faith Journey
C
．
A Great Success in Life
D
．
A Return of Confidence
答案
A
解
析
标
题
归
纳
题
。
根
据
最
后
一
段
中
的
“Over all
，
the
most
significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping
towards my own faith journey and not looking b ack.”可以推断
出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。故
用A Step into a New World
作为本文的标题最佳。故选
A
。
B
Vinegar
is
makes salad
，
fries and
dumplings
taste
better
，
and you can even clean your windows with now
，
according
to
scientists
，
it
may
even
help
the
planet’s
population survive climate chers from the RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan proved
found
growing
plants
in
vinegar
makes
them
more
resistant
to
could
mean
that
in
the
future
，
worries
about
climate
change
affecting
the
world’s
supply
of
food
will
be much lower.
The discovery was made after the researchers studied the
Arabidopsis
，
a plant known for its ability to survive in dry
was
found
that
when
the
plant
was
placed
in
drought-like
conditions
，
it
produced
a
chemical
called
acetate(
醋酸盐
)
—
the main
3
component
of vinegar.
After
discovering
this
，
the
scientists
experimented
further
by
adding
acetate
to
the
soil
of
other
plants
before
they
stopped
giving them water completely.
After leaving the plants for 14
days
，
they
found
that
the
ones
treated
with
acetate
had
survived
，
while the untreated plants had dried up and died.
It’s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon
be
used
to
help
farmers
in
dry
countries
keep
their
crops
alive.“In
the
experiment，
we
targeted
the
4
staple
foods
of
the
world
—
rice
，
wheat and maize...and proved successful
，” Jong
Myong
Kim
，
co-author
of
the
study
，
told
Popular
Science
magazine.
Kim has already been in touch with people around the world
who are interested in trying this simple and cost- effective
method
out
for
themselves
from
farmers
to
companies
and
5
amateur
gardeners.“Now we are trying to cooperate with them to make a
method to apply this system
，
and make the process as simple as
possible
，” he lly this means the end of hunger
caused by bad weather in the future.
语篇解读
本文是一篇科普类文章。文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近
期发现了 一个有意思的现象：给植物加点“醋”，植物就能变得更耐
旱……
5
．
What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer
to?
A
．
Vinegar may help creatures survive bad weather.
B
．
Vinegar is found in plants by Japanese scientists.
C
．
Vinegar is very useful for cooking a good meal.
D
．
Vinegar is mainly used by people to clean houses.
答案
A
解析
代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“And now，
according to
scientists
，it may even help the planet’s population survive
climate change.”可以判断出
that
指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好 地
适应气候的变化。故选
A
。
6
．
Scientists in Japan find from their studies that .
A
．
the Arabidopsis could survive in dry weather because of the
shape
B
．
soil
condition
could
be
changed
by
pouring
vinegar
continually
C
．
the acetate can be used by farmers to replace the soil
D
．
the
plants
treated
with
acetate
could
survive
dry
conditions
答案
D
解析
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They
found
growing
plants
in
vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.”可知，在酸性
环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。故选
D
。
7
．
What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A
．It’s too difficult for farmers to accept the method.
B
．
How to decrease the cost is the main issue.
C
．
The method is
6
promising
especially in agriculture.
D
．
Keeping plants alive means a lot for scientists.
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefully this
means the end of hunger caused by bad weather in the future.”
可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。故选
C
。
8
．
Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A
．
Japanese Scientists Find a Plant
B
．
Vinegar Could End Hunger
C
．
Vinegar and Food
D
．
Plants Need Water
答案
B
解析
标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知，科学家研究发现醋更能够让
植物适应 各种恶劣气候，提高粮食的产量，从而消除饥饿。所以用
Vinegar Could End Hunger
作为题目较为合适，故选
B
。
【提炼拓展】
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(
一
)
阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1
．
This
morning
when
we
were
walking
along
the
street
and
found
many fallen trees which have been uprooted by the storm.
连根
拔起；根除
2
．
Most competition cars will only roll over if they hit an
obstacle.
障碍；障碍物
3
．
Hydrogen is a key component of fuel cells.
组成部分，成分
4
．Wheat may be Pakistan’s
staple food
，
and milky tea is the
national drink.
主要的
5
．
At
the
time
，
I
was
playing
as
an
amateur
for
Cambridge
University against professional county teams.
业余爱好者
(
二
)
同义词语替换
6
．We’re
trying
to
bring
along
several
promising
young
football
l
(
三
)
一词多义
7
．
makeup
n
．化妆品；组成
(1)Even the genetic makeup of the virus is under debate.
组成
(2)Normally
she
wore
little
makeup
，
but
this
evening
was
clearly
an exception.
化妆品
8
．
pen
v
．撰写；关
(
人或动物
)
；
n
.(
临时圈养牲畜的
)
圈；钢笔
(1)The animals were penned up in cages.
关
(
人或动物
)