be动词、一般动词和助动词
余年寄山水
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2021年01月30日 13:24
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-
文法讲义
—
be
动词、一般动词和助动词
be
动词、一般动词和助动词
一、
be
动词、一般动词的现在式
(
1
)
be
动词的现在式
—
am/are/is
be
动词的含义
a.
是(表状态)
We are happy.
—
我们很高兴
b.
在(表存在)
She is in America.
—
她在美国
主语
+be
动词
主语
be
动词
例句
第一人称
am
I am a boy.
第二人称
are
You are my sons.
第三人称的单数名词
is
He is my student.
be
动词的否定句
含
be
动词(
am/are/is
)的肯定句变成否定句时,在
be
动词后加
not
即可。
肯定句:主语
+am/are/is
…
否定句:主语
+am/are/is+not
…
He is a good baseball player.
他是一个好棒球员
(否定句)
He is not a good baseball player.
=He
’
s not a good baseball player.
=He isn
’
t a good baseball player.
be
动词的疑问句
含
be
动词(
am/are/ is
)的肯定句变成疑问句时,将
be
动词拿到主语前,句尾加?即可。
肯定 句:主语
+am/are/is
…
疑问句:
Am/Are/Is+
主语…?
is his camera.
那是他的相机
(疑问句)
Is that his camera?
1
文法讲义
—
be
动词、一般动词和助动词
girl is a junior high school student.
那女孩是初中生
(疑问句)
Is the girl a junior high school student?
Be
动词开头 的疑问句为一般疑问句,可用
yes
或
no
回答,而答句中的主语
用 代名词
(问句)
Am/Are/Is+
主语…?
(答句)
Yes,
主语
+am/are/is
No,
主语
+am/are/is not
that man your math teacher?
Yes,
he
is./No,
he
is not.
you eating your lunch?
Yes, I am./No, I
’
m not.
(
2
)一般动词的现在式
一般动词的含义
< br>凡是日常生活中具体的动作,如:
eat-
吃饭,
walk-
走路及抽 象的动作如:
like-
喜欢,
think-
思考…皆为一般动词
主语
+
一般动词
人称
数
单数
复数
第一人称
I like dogs.
We like dogs.
第二人称
You like dogs.
You like dogs.
第三人称
He likes dogs.
They like dogs.
一般动词加
s
或
es
的方法
a.
大部分动词加
s
works/plays
b.
一般动词词尾为
o/s/sh/ch
时。加
es
go-goes/wash-washes/watch-watches
c.
一般动词词尾为字音
+y
时,去
y
加
ies
cry-cries/study-studies
助动词
have
和
has
has
为
have
(有,吃)的单数形式
They have a lot of money.
2
文法讲义
—
be
动词、一般动词和助动词
He has a lot of money.
一般动词的否定句
含有一般 动词从肯定句变为否定句时,不可直接在一般动词之后加
not
,必须使用助动词
do /does/did
。且助动词之后用原形动词,因为助动词表示了时态、数的变化。
do
—
用于主语为
I/you/
复数
does
—
用于主语为第三人称单数
she/he
did
—
用于过去式,不分人称和数均可用
肯定句:主语
+
一般动词…
否定句:主语
+do/does/did+not+
原形动词
twin brothers go to school by bus.
这对双胞胎兄弟坐公交车上学
(否定句)
The twin brothers do not
(
=don
’
t
)
go to school by bus.
has
dinner at the restaurant.
(否定句)
Sam does not
(
=doesn
’
t
)
have
dinner at the restaurant.
比较否定句
动词
He is my boyfriend.
He is not my boyfriend.
b.
一般动词
He likes dogs.
He does not like dogs.
一般动词的疑问句
含有一般动词的肯定句变成疑问句时,不可将一般动词拿到主语前 ,必须用助动词
do/does/did
,且助动词之后用原形动词。
肯定句
:主语
+
一般动词…
疑问句
:
D o/Does/Did+
主语
+
原形动词…?
visit your grandmother on Sundays.
(疑问句)
Do you visit your grandmother on Sundays?
comes from England.
(疑问句)
Does he come from England?
助动词
do/does/did
开头的疑问句(即一般疑问句)
,其回答
3
文法讲义
—
be
动词、一般动词和助动词
(问句)
Do/Does/Did+
主语
+
原形动词…?
(答句)
Yes,
主语
+do/does/did
No,
主语
+do n
’
t/doesn
’
t/didn
’
t
Does the little boy go to school?
Yes,he does./No,he doesn
’
t.
比较疑问句
动词
She is beautiful.
Is she beautiful? Yes, she is.
b.
一般动词
She loves tennis.
Does she love tennis? Yes,she does.
二、
be
动词、一般动词的过去式
Be
动词的过去式
表示:过去时间中发生的状态
1.
(现在式)
He is busy now.
(他现在很忙)
(过去式)
He was busy then.
(他那时很忙)
2.
(现在式)
My parents are at home now.
(过去式)
My parents were at home yesterday.
时间副词改变,动词也应改变。
was
和
were
现在式
过去式
am
be
动词
is
was
are
were
be
动词过去式的否定句
含
be
动词过去式
was/were
的肯定句边否定句时,在
be
动词 后加
not.
肯定句:主语
+was/were
否定句:主语
+was/were+not
…
was a vet.
Brown
先生是一个兽医
(否定句)
was not
(
=wasn
’
t
)
a vet.
4
文法讲义
—
be
动词、一般动词和助动词
and Brain were in the living room at that time.
(否定句)
Joe and Brain were not
(
weren
’
t
)
in the living room at that time.
be
动词过去式的疑问句
含
be
动词过去式
was/were
的肯定句变疑问句时,
将< br>was/were
拿到主语前,
句尾加?即可。
肯定句:主语
+was/were
…
疑问句:
was/were+
主语…?
was in the seventh grade last year.
Wendy
去年读七年级
(疑问句)
Was wendy in the seventh grade last year?
Be
动词开头的疑问句,可用
yes
或
no
回答,而答句中的主语用代名 词。
(问句)
Was/Were+
主语…?
(答句)
Yes,
主语
+was/were/No,
主语
+was/ were+not.
Were you a pianist?
你是钢琴家吗?
Yes, I was./No, I wasn
’
t.
一般动词的过去式
规则变化
原形动词
+ed
help-helped/spell-spelled/want- wanted
原形动词词尾有
e+d
love- loved/dance-danced
原
形
动
词
为
子< br>音
+
短
元
音
+
子
音
:
双< br>写
词
尾
+ed
stop- stopped/plan-planned
原形动词词尾为子音
+y
:去
y+ied
study-studied/cry-cried
1.I
walk
to school
every day
.
(过去式)
I
walked
to school
yesterday
.
goes
to a supermarket
every morning
.
(过去式)
Mother
went
to a supermarket
yesterday
.
—
主语为第三人称单数时,
动词过去
式不加
s
。
不规则变化
eat- ate/take-took
read-read/give-gave
ride- rode/teach-taught
come-came/see-saw
go- went/have-had
一般动词过去式的否定句
含一般动词过去 式的肯定句变否定句时,不可直接在一般动词之后加
not
,必须用助动
词
d id
(不分人称和数)
,而助动词之后用动词原形。
5
文法讲义
—
be
动词、一般动词和助动词
肯定句
:主语
+
一般动词…
否定句
:主语
+did not+
原形动词
called
you last night.
他昨晚打你电话
(否定句)
He did not call you last night.
sister and I
watched
TV all day
yesterday.
(否定句)
My sister and I didn
’
t
watch
TV all day
yesterday.
比较否定句过去式
动词
She was at home.
She wasn
’
t at home.
b.
一般动词
She studied English.
She didn
’
t study English.
一般动词过去式的疑问句
含 有一般动词过去式的肯定句变为疑问句时,
不可将一般动词拿到主语前,
必须用过去
式 助动词
did
,且
did
之后必须用原形动词。
肯定句
:主语
+
一般动词过去式…
疑问句
:
Did+
主语
+
原形动词…?
friends
went
to that movie case week.
(疑问句)
Did his friends
go
to that movie last week.
(答句)
Yes,they did./No,they didn
’
t.
wrote
a letter to David.
(疑问句)
Did
Grace
write
a letter to David?
(答句)
Yes, She did./No,she didn
’
t.
比较疑问句过去式
动词
He was sick.
Was he sick.
b.
一般动词
He did his homework.
Did he do his homework?
6
文法讲义
—
be
动词、一般动词和助动词
三、助动词
所谓助动词是和原形动词合在一起,用来表现时态、语态、语气的动词。 此外,助动词
也能表示疑问、否定、强调…
助动词的特点
1.
其后须接原形动词
He can
speak
English.
He can
speaks
English.
2.
现在式中,主语为第三人称单数,词尾不加
s
He
cans
speakEnglish.
3.
形成否定句时,在助动词后加
not
He cannot speak English.
He doesn
’
t can speak English.
4.
形成疑问句时,将助动词拿到主语前
Can
he speak English?
Does he can speak English?
5.
两个助动词不能连用
You
will can
swim soon.
常见助动词的用法
(
1
)
can
(
could
)
Can
表能力、许可、可能,而
could
是
can
的过去式
a.
表能力(
=be able to
)
can speak Japanese, but he cannot
(
=can
’
t
)
write it.
2.I
will
be
able
to
(此处不能用
can
)
finish
the
paper
and
go
out
to
see
the
exhibition
tomorrow.
3.I
haven
’
t been able to
recall his name.
我一直想不起他的名字
b.
表可能
cannot be true.
那不可能是真的
kind of thing
can
happen every now and then.
这种事随时可能会发生
3.A quarrel
can
sometimes cause trouble.
口角有时可能引发问题
light in the sky
could be
a UFO.
天空中的光可能是外星飞船
c.
表许可
can
come in if you have a ticket.
7