have的助动词用法

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2021年01月30日 13:25
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2021年1月30日发(作者:木棉花的春天大结局)
have
的助动词用法





1
)表达完成时态




句型

have

has, had


+p.p. …



句型

can

could

, …have + p.p.



例:
He can’t have said such a foolish word.



(他不像是会说了这样傻的话。)




解说:本例句是在表达对过去的推想。






2

“have”
的惯用句式




句型

had better +V…



例:
You had better go and tell her everything.



(你最好去向她把事情全盘地说明白。)






解说

有些文法学家把本句式的
“had better”
称为半助动词(
Semiauxiliary
verb
),因为
“had better”
之后接原形动词,其本身所表现的功能很像是一个助动
词。
“had better”
不可分开使用,
“had”
亦非过去形式。
实际上
“ had better”
所指的时
间性是现在或将来,若是指过去则用
“had better + have +p.p.”
。本句式绝无
“have/has better +V”
的形式,宜注意。





本句式是用于 表达建议或劝告,言外之意是

若不这样做就不好或会有不良
后果





例:
You had better take an umbrella.




If you don’
t do,
it may rain and you’ll get wet.






本句式也可用于第三人称。




例:
He had better stop smoking.



(他最好把烟戒掉。)







“had better + V”
的否定是把
“not”置于
“better”
之后,例如:




例:
You had bet
ter not borrow money from your friend’s wife.



(你最好不要向朋友的太太借钱。)





本 句式的
“had”
因发轻音,有时甚至轻到几乎不发音,所以也就常被省略。




例:
You had better take an umbrella with you.



=You’d better take an umbrella with you.



=You better take an umbrella with you.



=Better take an umbrella with you.



(你最好带一把雨伞去吧。)





“had better”
可用
“had best”
来加强语气。



例:
We had best hurry, or we’ll miss the train.

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