-

2021年1月30日发(作者：老天爷给我爱)


倒装句



主语和谓语的语序有两种：



1
】自然语序，主语
+
谓语，



2
】


倒装语序，谓语
+
主语。



















例如


The bus comes here.














Here comes the bus



倒装分为部分倒装 和完全倒装，部分倒装是
谓语中的一部分（如助动词，情态动词或
be
动词）
放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语后面。完全倒装是句子中没有助动词或情态动词，要把
谓语动
词放在主语的前面。



We can work out the problem only in this way.


Only in this way can we work out the problem.


The bus comes here.


Here comes the bus.
部分倒装



1
，疑问句的语序



助动词
+
主语
+
谓语和其余部分：



Has he left already?


Won
’
t you have some tea?


What do you like best?


Did he park his car in front of my house?


注意：如果特殊疑问词作主语或者修饰主语，则用自然语序：



Who did it?



How many students passed the exam?


2, if
引导的虚拟语气条件句的谓语若包括有助动词
had, were
，或

should
，
前，省略
if
。



Had/ should / were +
主语
+
谓语和其余部分：



If I had not helped him, he would have failed in business.


Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business.



If I should be free tomorrow, I will come.


Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.


如果我是经理，我就给你升职



If I were the manager, I would give you a promotion.


Were I the manager, I would give you a promotion.


如果你遇到我这样的麻烦，你会绝望的。



If you had met the troubles I had, you would be desperate.


Had you met the troubles I had, you would be desperate.


如果你是老鼠，猫会吃了你。




If you were the mouse, the cat would eat you.


Were you the mouse, the cat would eat you.


3
，
only
修饰状语放在句首时



Only+
状语
+
助动词
+
主语+
谓语和其余部分



Women have begun to catch up with men in this area only in recent years.



Only in recent years have women begun to catch up with men in this area.


I received an answer from him only a week later.



Only a week later did I receive an answer from him.
可将其倒装到主语之



























































只有当孩子长大的时候，才能理解父母的用心。

Only when the children grow up do they understand the parents
’

intention.
只是到了那个时候我才明白他的用意。

Only then did I figure out his intention.
他不仅在学校教书，还为报纸写文章。

not only
…
.but also
Not only does he teach at school, but also he writes for the newspaper.
4,
否定词
/
半否定词或词组
+
助动词
+
主语
+
谓语和其余部分

Not, never, nor, neither, nowhere, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely even less
等否定词和半否定词
置于句首时。

I never dreamt of seeing him in America.

Never did I dream of seeing him in America
5,
含有否定词的介词短语置于句首
+
助动词
+
主语
+
谓语和其余部分

by no means
绝不
, in no time
立刻，很快
, at no time
绝不
, in no case
绝不
, on no account
绝不
, no
longer
不再
, in no way
一点也不
, on no condition
无论如何也不
, in/under no circumstances
绝不
.
By no means should we look down upon the people who are poor.
In no case do I want to argue with you.
In no time will she be here.

6
，
so+
形容词或副词置于句首
; such +is /was

So rough was the sea that the ship could not get into the harbor.
So terrible was her concert that half the audience left.
Such is my joy that I could not sleep.
Such is my life/work/story.
7,
一些频率副词，
often, sometimes, never, always, usually,
程度副词，或方式状语出现在句首，

Well do I remember the scene.


I remember the scene well.


Often did it snow there.
It often snowed there.
Many a time has he given me good advice.

Bitterly did we repent of our carelessness.
完全倒装

























1,Here, there, now, then, hence, thus
副词出现在句首时
,
Now came the moment of decision.
The moment of decision came now.
Now comes your turn.
Your turn comes now.
Then came the revolution.
The revolution came then.
Look, there comes the bus.
Look, the bus comes there.
There goes the last bus.
The last bus goes there.

2,
地点状语在句首，常引起谓语倒装，这类谓语多为不及物动词而主语多相对长些。主语不是人
称 代词，这些动词有

come, lie, stand, walk, rise , live , sit, be
等



North of the Himalayas lies the great tableland of Tibet.


Downtown in Shenzhen city towers the Diwang Building.


3,
副词
+
不及物动词前置



In went the others.


Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks
【注意】

若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：




Away he went.
他跑远了。




Down it came.
它掉了下来。



4,
过去分词或现在分词
+be
的各种形式
+
主语



Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.


Written on the label is the model of the machine.


Enclosed/ attached is return postage with this letter.


Marching at the head of the parading procession was a brass band.
强调句型

一、位置强调




英语句子的语序，一般为：主、谓、 宾、表、状。有时为了强调某个成份，就故意将它移到句首或句
末。如：

A.

强调主语及状语。如：




(1)
I was reading English this morning.



—

This morning, I was reading English.



今天早晨，我一直在读英语。




(2)
I
’
ll go to see Li Lei tomorrow.


—

Tomorrow, I
’
ll go to see Li Lei.



明天，我要去看李蕾。

B.

强调谓语
(as, though
引导的让步状语从句
)

(1)

Though he will try, he can
’
t succeed.

(2)

—
Try as / though he will, he ca
n’t succeed.
尽管他会尝试，但他不会成功。

(2)
Though she can sing, she can
’
t sing well.


—

Sing though / as she can, she can
’
t sing well.
尽管她会唱，但唱得不好。

C.

强调宾语或表语
(as, though
引导的让步状语从句
)

(1)

Though he learnt English, he didn
’
t learn it well.

(2)

—
English as / though he learnt, h
e didn’t
learn it well.
尽管他学过英语，但他学得并不好。

(2)
Though he is ill, he keeps on working.


—
Ill as / though he is, he keeps on working.
尽管他有病，他仍坚持工作。

二、用词强调




英语中强调的另一种方法，就是用不同的词进行夸张从而达到强调的目的。用词强 调主要有以下几种
形式。

A.

在句子中的谓语动词前加助动词
do,
对谓语进行强调。如：




(1)
I do like swimming.
我的确喜欢游泳。




(2)
He did go there last night.
他昨天晚上的确去过那儿。

B.

用
awfully, badly, dead, deeply, ever, extremely, highly, indeed, lightly, not
…
at all, particularly, pretty, really,
so, strongly, terribly, utterly, very, very much,
等副词修饰以加强语气。如：




(1)
He wants to get it very much.
他非常像得到它。




(2)
I miss you terribly.
我非常思念你。

C.

用短语
at all, on earth, in the world, under the sun
等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。如：




(1)
I don
’
t know it at all.
我一点也不知道。




(2)
What on earth are you doing there?
你到底在那干什么？

D.
用重复某一个词或短语来强调。如：




(1)
He thought and thought, and suddenly he got a good idea.
他想啊想啊，突然想到了一个好主意。




(2)
He r
三、用句子来强调

A
．
句型强调




英语中最常见的强调手段，也是我们必须要掌握的方法就是句型强调，即：强调句型。
It is / was +
被
强调的部分

+ that (who)
…
如：




(1)
It was in the room that Li Lei was born.
李蕾出生就在这间房子。




(2)
It is Wei Fang who has broken the record.
就是魏方打破了纪录。

an and ran, and at last he caught up with other students.
他跑啊跑啊，终于赶上了其他的同学们。

(B)

即使被强调的部分是复数，
It
后面始终用单数形式。如




(1)
Tom and Lucy gave us much help.

—
It was Tom and Lucy that gave us much help.
正是汤姆和露西给了我们很多的帮助。




(2)
I saw swans in the lake yesterday.

—
It was swans that I saw in the lake yesterday.
昨天我看到在湖里的就是天鹅。

(C)

强调人时，可用
who
代替
that,
但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用
when, where, why, how
代替

that
。如：




(1)

It
is
our
teacher
who
/
that
helps
us
make
great
progress.
正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进
步。




(2)
It is by bus that I go to school every day.
每天我就是乘公共汽车上学。

(D)

在强调
not
…
until
结构中的时间状语时，
应将
not
移到
until
前，
再将
not until
部分移到被强调的位置。
如：




I didn
’
t go to bed until twelve o
’
clock last night.
—

It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I
went to bed.
昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。

(E)

强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，将强调句中的主句用一般疑问语序。如：




(1)
Do you like English?
—
It is English that you like?

英语就是你喜欢的吗？




(2)
Will you go to London?
—
It is London that you will go to?
你要去的就是伦敦吗？

(F)
特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调。

句型为：特殊疑问词
+be + it that+
…
?
如：




(1)
What made him so angry?
—

What is it that made him so angry?

(2)
Why did she cry?
—

Why was it that she cried?

(G)
强调主语时，
who
或
that
后面的谓语形式须与被强调的主语保持一致。如：




(1)
Lily speaks Chinese very well.

—
It
is
Lily
who
/
that
speaks
Chinese
very
well.
李



(2)

Children
like
stories.
—
It
is
Children
that
like
stories.
孩子们喜欢故事。

(H)
强调句中的
be
前可用表推测的情态动词：
must, can, may
等。如：




(1)
It must be Piney that sent us this present.

(2)
How can it be that he didn
’
t pass the exams.

(I)

强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、
since, as
等引导的原因状语从句。如：




He is better today since he can walk around without my help.

It is better today that he is today since he can walk around without my help. (
错
)




It is since he can walk around without my help that he is better today. (
错
)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-