动词不定式知识点总结
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2021年01月31日 23:11
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知识点总结
不定式的语法功能：除不能作谓语，其他句子成分都可。
1.
不定式作主语
To see is to believe.
常用
it
作形式主语
It''s for sb/It''s of sb
1)for sb.
常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如
easy, hard, difficult,
interesting, impossible
等：
It''s very hard for him to study two languages.
2)of
sb
的句型一般用表示人物 的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如
good, kind, nice,
clever, foolish, cruel, right
。
It''s very nice of you to help me
2.
不定式作宾语
I want to speak to Tom.
Please show us how to do that.
3.
不定式作宾补
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
b. We believe him to be guilty.
4.
不定式作表语
不定式可放在
be
动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
5.
不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
6.
不定式作状语
1)
目的状语
to… ,only to (仅仅为了),in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
I come here only to say good-bye to you.
2)
结果状语
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3)
原因状语
I''m glad to see you.
用作介词的
to
to
有两种用法：
一为不定式
+
动词原形
;
一为介词
+
名词
/
动名词
, to
在下面的用法中是第二种，即
to+
名词
/
动名词：
admit to
承认，
confess to
承认，
be accustomed to
习惯于，
be used to
习惯于，
stick to
坚持，
turn to
开始，着手于，
devote oneself to
献身于，
be devoted to
致力于，
look forward to
盼望，
pay attention to
注意
省
to
的动词不定式
1)
情态动词
(
除
ought
外，
ought to)
：
2)
使役动词
let, have, make
：
3)
感官动词
see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find
等
后作宾补，省略
to
。
注意：在被动语态中则
to
不能省掉。
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4) would rather
，
had better
：
5) Why… / why not…：
6) help
可带
to
，也可不带
to, help sb (to) do sth
：
7)
but
和
exce pt
：
but
前是动词
do
时，
后面出现的动词用不带to
的动词不定式。
He
wants
to
do
nothing
but go out.
8)
由
and, or
和
than
连接的两个不定式，第二个
to
可以省去：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
9)
通常在
discover,
imagine,
suppose,
think,
understand
等词后，
可以省去
to
be
：
He
is
supposed
(to be) nice.
动词不定式的否定式
★放在不定式符号
to
前面
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
不定式特殊句型
too…to…
1)too…to
太…以至于不能…
He is too excited to speak.
2)
如在
too
前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，
too
后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为
不太
。
It''s never too late to mend.(
谚语
)
3)
当
too
前面有
only, all, but
时，意思是：非常… 等于
very
。
I''m only too pleased to be able to help you.
He was but too eager to get home.
不定式特殊句型
so as to
1)
表示目的
;
它的否定式是
so as not to do
。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
2) so kind as to ---
劳驾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
不定式的形式和主、被动
形式主、被动
主动
被动
一般式
to do to be done
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
1)
一般式：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I''ll see you again.
2)
完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I''m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
3)
进行式：
表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。