动词不定式教案和练习
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2021年01月31日 23:28
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动词不定式
教学目标:
1.
掌握动词不定式的几种形式
2.
掌握动词不定式在句子中可以作什成分
3.
掌握动词不定式用法
/
功能
4.
掌握运用动词不定式注意事项
教学难点:动词不定式用法
教学方法:通过放映幻灯片,教师讲解,学生思考,最后总结的方法来实现本课的教学任务。
教学过程:
Step1.
出示幻灯片让学生了解动词不定式的几种形式
1.
动词不定式的基本形式
to +
动词原形
有时可以不带
to(
秃头不定式)
2.
动词不定式的否定形式
not/never + to do
not/never + do
3.
不定式的逻辑主语
It’s good for you to do morning exercises.
The
question
is
too
difficult
for
us
to
answer.
It’s
too
dark
for
me
to
see
anything
in
the
room.
It’s very kind of you to think of the others.
如 果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个
for(of)
引起的短语。介词
for(of)
的宾语叫不定式的逻辑主语。
Step2.
请学生思考:动词不定式在句子中可以作什成分?
学生得出结论:
1.
作
主语
2.
作宾语
3.
作宾语补足语
4.
作定语
5.
作状语
5.
作状语
6.
作表语
7.
与疑问词等连用
Step3.
出示幻灯片让学生根据总结结果加强记忆。
Step4.
讨论动词不定式用法
/
功能,并总结:
(1).
作主语
To see is to believe.
It’s exciting to surf on the Internet
作主语的不定式如果很短,
通常位于句首;
若不定式
(短语)较长时,
常用
it
作形式主语,
而把真正的主语(即动词不定式)放在后 面以避免头重脚轻。
(2)
宾语
I want to go home.
The workers decided to get better pay.
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:
want, hope, wish, refuse, learn,
would like, choose, decide, agree,
prete
nd, expect, plan …
He found it very difficult to get to sleep
不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用
it
作 形式宾语,构成
“
主
语
+
动词
+it+
宾补(形容 词、名词)
+
不定式
”
结构。
感官动词和使役动词等后接不定式作宾补
时,需省
to
。但在被动语态中要还帽子。
The boss makes them work 15 hours a day.
I saw the accident happen yesterday.
He was made to do his work (by me).
(3).
宾补
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
I expect you to give me some help.
He often helps me (to) repair my bike.
常用动词不定式作宾补的动词有:
tell, ask, want, warn, wish, allow,
encourage, expect, teach, help
(4).
定语
I have something to say.
He has a lot of homework to do .
He is looking for a room to live in .
There is nothing to worry about.
动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修
饰的名词或代词后。如果不定式中的动词
是不及物动词
,
则要带上与之搭配的介词,
构成及物动词短语。
(5)
状语
He got up early to catch the train.
Let’s stop to have a rest
.
I’m very happy to see you.
He’s too young to go to school.
She is old enough to dress herself
动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的,
原因,或结果等。
(6).
表语
My job is
to help the patient.